scholarly journals Tree Form of Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in the Forests of the Vologda Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Igor V. Evdokimov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr P. Dobrynin ◽  
Nelli A. Armeeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Common Juniper

Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is one of the most widespread undergrowth species in the forests of Russia. It has not only important silvicultural significance but is also widely used in economic activities. Numerous works of Russian and foreign authors are devoted to its study. The article shows the results of geobotanical and forest inventory studies of a unique area of pine plantation in the Kirillovskiy district of the Vologda region. In the second understorey of which tree-form common juniper grows. The stand was classified as high-density (relative fullness – 0.85) and low quality (quality class – V–IV). The total stock of trunk wood on the site is 280 m3/ha, including the stock of juniper wood – 28 m3/ha. The average diameter of juniper trunks is 14 cm, the average height is 11 m and the age is 180 yrs. This is several times higher than its usual parameters in other forests. A significant number of specimens of juniper (50 pcs/ha) are in the stage of drying out or have already died and represent dead wood of different years. The number of small and medium-sized juniper undergrowth is 1.5 ths pcs/ha or 62.5 % of the growing. Undergrowth of European spruce, downy birch and black alder is also found. The existing undergrowth is assessed as promising, but Scots pine undergrowth is missing. The ground cover is dominated by green and sphagnum mosses as well as shrubs of the Ericaceae and Vacciniaceae families. The study of such objects, extremely rare not only in the north of the European part of Russia, but also everywhere, is of great practical importance. It is also important for understanding the biology of the only representative of the Cupressaceae family that naturally grows here. The tree-form juniper in the pine plantation has survived and reached a size not typical for this species due to the inaccessibility of the site, the lack of fires and forest felling. Such forest areas should be identified, protected, and subjected to stationary research. For citation: Evdokimov I.V., Dobrynin A.P., Armeeva N.A. Tree Form of Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in the Forests of the Vologda Region. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 201–209. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-201-209

scholarly journals POSTFIRE CONDITION AND RENEWAL OF FOREST PHYTOCENOSES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327
Author(s):  
V. V. Usenya
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Forest Phytocenoses ◽  
The Republic

Results of long-term stationary research on influence of the pyrogenic factor on the efficiency and the postfire condition of forest phytocenoses of Belarus are presented. It has been found out that the size of the postfire falling off of trees and their radial gain in plantations of the main forest forming breeds are determined by the type and intensity of a fire, the forest and taxation characteristics of forest stands as well as biological features of tree species. Dependence of the size of the postfire falling off by the quantity of trees and a stock in pine, spruce, birch and black alder plantations on their average diameter and average height of deposit on trunks are revealed at the ground fires, depths of burn-out of organic horizons of the soil and damage rate of root systems of trees – at the soil fires. The description of scales for identification of damage rate in plantations of the main forest forming breeds from fires and their fire resistance is given. The reforestation methods in the burnt-out places in various forest vegetation conditions which provide formation of biologically steady and highly productive plantations of economic valuable tree species are presented. There is a card of forest fire division into districts of the territory of Belarus on the basis of which types and volumes of actions for fire-prevention arrangement of the forest fund of the legal entities which conduct forestry for the purpose of minimization of the area of wildfires and their consequences are differentiated.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of plant spacing on the growth and morphometry of Bertholletia excelsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Rafael Gonçalves de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Alex Soares de SOUZA ◽  
Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos SANTOS ◽  
Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de LIMA ◽  
Marciel José FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Growth Space

ABSTRACT Plant spacing is a potential driver of tree form and yield in forest plantations. However, its effects on the productivity of tree plantations in the Amazon are still little known. This study examined the effects of six spacing regimes (3 x 4, 4 x 4, 4 x 5, 5 x 5, 5 x 6, and 6 x 6 m) on the growth and morphometry of a 20-year-old plantation of Bertholletia excelsa. We observed high, spacing-independent survival (> 70%). For timber production purposes, intermediate and two large spacing regimes tended to higher values of yield components, mainly diameter, biomass, and volume, although some did not differ significantly from the smallest spacing. One of the intermediate spacings (5 x 5 m) tended to higher commercial height. Tree crowns tended to be wider and longer in the larger spacings, which indicates the potential of these regimes for fruit production. Tree crowns exceeded the vital growth space in all spacing regimes, which suggests the need for thinning before the age of 20 years in all spacings to reduce intraspecific competition and increase yield. We estimated that a density of 84 remaining trees per hectare would be necessary to reach an average diameter of 40 cm at the age of 20 years. Thus, B. excelsa had high survival in the tested range of spacing regimes, while the intermediate and the largest spacing regimes led to better tree growth and morphometry.

scholarly journals Influence of Planting Density on Diameter and Height in East Texas Pine Plantations

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Lee ◽  
J. David Lenhart
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Average Height ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract The response of diameter and height of unthinned planted stands loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine in East Texas to different classes of planting densities were analyzed. After tracking the development of diameter and height for 15 yr on a set of permanent plots representing a broad range of plantation parameters, average diameter and average height trends were observed. For both species, average diameter values were significantly larger with lower planting densities. In contrast, average height growth is insensitive to planting density at younger age classes for loblolly and at older age classes for slash pine plantations. South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):241-244.

scholarly journals Prepoznavanje i kartiranje šumskih staništa Natura 2000 u Hrvatskoj (I) – 91E0*, aluvijalne šume s crnom johom Alnus glutinosa i običnim jasenom Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
Ivana Plišo Vusić ◽  
Irena Šapić ◽  
Joso Vukelić
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Habitat Classification

Habitat type 91E0 in Croatia extends to approximately 80,000 ha. It contains 16 types according to the National habitat classification of Croatia (NHC). They are based on phytosociological principles and are aligned with the level of association. They are: E.1. Riparian alluvial willow forests (Salicion albae Soó 1930), poplar (Populion albae Br.-Bl. 1931) and white alder forests (Alnion incanae Pawl. in Pawl. et al. 1928) Riparian alluvial willow and poplar forests (Salicion albae, Populion albae) E.1.1.1. – Salicetum albae-fragilis Soó (1930) 1958 E.1.1.2. – Salicetum albae Isller 1926 E.1.1.3. – Salici-Populetum nigrae (R. Tx. 1931) Meyer Drees 1936 E.1.2.1. – Populetum albae (Br.-Bl.) Tchou 1947 E.1.2.2. – Populetum nigro-albae Slavnić 1952 Alluvial white alder forests (Alnion incanae) E.1.3.1. – Equiseto hyemali-Alnetum incanae M. Moor 1958 E.1.3.2. – Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae Dakskobler 2010 E.2. Floodplain forests of pedunculate oak, black alder and narrow-leaved ash (Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929, Alnion incanae) Swamp and floodplain forests of black alder narrow-leaved ash (Alnion glutinosae) E.2.1.4. – Frangulo-Alnetum glutinosae Rauš (1971) 1973 E.2.1.6. – Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae W. Koch 1926 ex Tx. 1931 E.2.1.7. – Leucojo-Fraxinetum angustifoliae Glavač 1959 E.2.1.9. – Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1935 Alluvial and wetland forests of black alder, elms, narrow-leaved and common ash (Alnion incanae) E.2.1.1. – Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmetum laevis Slavnić 1952 E.2.1.2. – Carici remotae-Fraxinetum excelsioris W. Koch 1926 ex Faber 1936 E.2.1.3. – Carici brizoidis-Alnetum glutinosae Horvat 1938 E.2.1.5. – Pruno-Fraxinetum angustifoliae Glavač 1960 E.2.1.8. – Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmayer 1957 The article contains a description, area of distribution in Croatia, and diagnostic indicators for each type. For each type related types are listed, the corresponding code according to EUNIS-classification, and literature in which is described in more detail. This article has practical importance because it helps in the identification and mapping of forest habitat types, and these tasks are currently being implemented in the Croatian forestry.

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, COMMON JUNIPER

2014 ◽  
pp. 1400-1408
Author(s):  
Henry John Elwes ◽  
Augustine Henry
Keyword(s):  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Common Juniper

Mini droplets to super droplets: evolution of self-assembled Au droplets on GaAs(111)B and (110)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Sui ◽  
Ming-Yu Li ◽  
Eun-Soo Kim ◽  
Jihoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Deposition Amount ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
A Minor ◽  
20 Nm

In this article, the effect of deposition amount on self-assembled Au droplets fabricated on GaAs(111)B and (110) is presented. The investigation is systematically performed by the variation of the Au deposition amount from 2 to 20 nm while fixing the other growth parameters such as annealing temperature and duration to clearly observe the effect. Under identical growth conditions, the self-assembled Au droplets show significantly different size and density depending on the amount of Au deposition:i.e.the average height varies by 436% from 21.8 to 95.5 nm and the average diameter swings by 827% from 52 to 430 nm, showing that the size increase is dominated by the lateral expansion. Meanwhile the average density varies by over two orders of magnitude from 1.24 × 108to 4.48 × 1010 cm−2on GaAs(111)B. With relatively low Au deposition amounts, below 3 nm, round dome-shaped mini Au droplets with high packing density can be fabricated, while super large Au droplets result with higher deposition amounts, above 10 nm, with a density two orders of magnitude lower. It is also found that the surface index has a minor effect on the fabrication of self-assembled Au droplets with the variation of deposition amount. The results are systematically analyzed and discussed in terms of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images, line profiles, power spectrums, r.m.s. surface roughness, and size and density plots.

Effect of Hydrogen Dilution on Structure and Electronic Properties of Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y Films Deposited by Low Frequency Plasma

2006 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kosarev ◽  
L. Sanchez ◽  
A. Torres ◽  
T. Felter ◽  
A. Ilinskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Dilution ◽  
Frequency Plasma

AbstractWe report on a systematical study of growth rate, surface morphology, hydrogen and oxygen incorporation, optical and electrical properties in Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y:H, Y> 0.85 films, deposited in a capacitive reactor by low frequency PE CVD. Silane and germane were used as feed gases diluted by hydrogen. Hydrogen dilution characterized by R= QH2/[QSiH4+QGeH4], where QH2, QSiH4, and QGeH4 are gas flows of hydrogen, silane and germane, respectively. The flow was varied in the range of R=20 to 80. Composition of the films was characterized by SIMS profiling. We did not observed a significant change of the deposition rate Vd in GeYSi1-Y:H films in all the range of R, while for Ge:H films Vd was significantly reduced after R=50. AFM characterization of the surface morphology demonstrated that at R=50 average height <H>(R) reached maximum in both Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y:H films, while average diameter <D>(R) had a minimum in GeYSi1-Y:H films and maximum in Ge:H films. Both Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y:H films demonstrated change of E04 in the studied range of R, and a minimum clearly appeared in &#61508;E at R=50-60 suggesting significant reduction in weak bonds of these films. The activation energy of conductivity Ea slightly increases with R in Ge:H films and shows no definitive trend in GeYSi1-Y:H: films. Both FTIR and SIMS data show a general trend of reducing hydrogen and oxygen content with R. These two types of films showed different behavior and correlations between surface morphology and optical and electrical properties.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF PLANTINGS NEPEITSEVSKY DENDROPARK OF UFA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
A.N. Kurochkina ◽  
◽  
A.A. Shamaeva ◽  
Ya.A. Salakhov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Average Height ◽  
General Description ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
History Of

The article gives the results of analysis of plantations of Nepeitsev Dendropark of Ufa. The history of the dendropark creation is described, a general description of the site is presented, prohibited activities and nature management in the dendropark are listed. The area of the dendropark is 23.8 hectares, the area of forest crops - 12.9. For the analysis of the tree stand, one trial area was laid. It takes 257 barrels into account. The average diameter of pine on the plot - 38 cm, the average height - 18 m. Half-tree barrels - 22, business - 34. There are no wood. Average diameter of fir by 1.3 m - 57 cm, average diameter by 0 - 71 cm, average height - 21 m. Business barrels - 13, half-spruce - 12, wood - 1. On the territory of the dendropark there was found flooding of household waste, valet, many trees were affected by diseases of barrels and roots, in particular, rot.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF THE UDMURT CLIMATETYPE OF SCOTCHPINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Петр Мельник ◽  
Petr Mel'nik ◽  
Юрий Глазунов ◽  
Yuriy Glazunov ◽  
Михаил Мерзленко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unconditional Preference

In normative documents defining the principles of reforestation, unconditional preference is given to local or nearby populations. This situation contradicts the data obtained by many authors in various forest growing areas, as well as the results of our research, which were performed in 65-year-old geographical cultures of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Serebryanoborsky forestry of the Institute of Forest Science, located in the central part of the Moscow region. Despite the remote origin (the distance from the geographical landings under study was about 900 km to the east), the planting grown from seeds obtained from the Mozhginsky region of the Udmurt Republic was close to the average height with the Moscow region and Vladimir climatypes and significantly exceeded them in average diameter and stock. The distribution of trees by thickness steps in the tree stands under study is close to normal. At the same time, in the Udmurt climatype, a shift towards the predominance of large trunks is noticeable, whereas in the Vladimir climatype, they are lagging behind. Moscow Provision occupies an intermediate position. According to the dependences of relative heights on tree diameters, the most intense competitive relations are characteristic of the Vladimir climate type. In the first place, this reflects the greatest density of the plantings. In the Udmurt climatype, a high H/D value, corresponding in size to that in Moscow and Vladimir climatypes, is characteristic of trees lagging behind in growth, the diameter of which does not exceed 20 cm. Leading trees in the Udmurt clima type are significantly larger than the local provences. . Planting of Udmurt origin not only adapted to the climatic conditions of the study area, but also surpassed local climatypes in terms of the aggregate characteristics of growth and productivity.

scholarly journals Lysimeter-based Crop Coefficients for Young Highbush Blueberries

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Storlie ◽  
Paul Eck
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
June July ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Inexpensive weighing lysimeters ($1475/unit) were constructed for measuring evapotranspiration of young highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The use of a single load cell and other design characteristics decreased lysimeter measurement accuracy but minimized lysimeter construction costs. Measurement error was within ±3%. Crop coefficient (CC) curves for 5- and 6-year-old `Bluecrop' highbush blueberry plants in their third and fourth year of production were generated using reference evapotranspiration and crop water use data from the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. The CC increased during leaf expansion and flowering in the spring to its maximum value of about 0.19 in 1991 and 0.27 in 1992 and remained near these values until leaves began senescing in the fall. Water use on sunny days during June, July, and August ranged from (liters/bush each day) 3.5 to 4.0 in 1991 and 4.0 to 4.5 in 1992. During the second year of the study, plants had an average height of 0.9 m, an average diameter of 0.9 m, and covered 18% of the total cultivated area. The maximum calculated CC was equal to 1.5 times the measured canopy cover percentage.

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