scholarly journals The Phenomenon of the Spirit of Sacrifice: A Philosophical-Anthropological Interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Oleg D. Agapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic

The consciousness of modernity sees the phenomenon of sacrifice/spirit of sacrifice as something that has to be overcome and driven away from social reality. However, the contemporary anthropological paradigm (M. Scheler, P. Ricœur, E. Levinas, R. Girard, and G. Agamben) proves the spirit of sacrifice to be the main driving force of anthroposociogenesis, the basis for constituting religious, political, economic, and socio-cultural life of humankind. Thus, we can speak not only about different understandings of this phenomenon, but also about the rift between the ideology of “living without sacrifice”, propagated by a number of agents of our time, and evidence presented by the social sciences. The author of this paper believes that social philosophy should view the phenomenon of the spirit of sacrifice in the light of diversity, goal-setting and multi-directionality of its actualization. One of the main goals for contemporary intellectuals (religious and secular) is to achieve maximum clarity in differentiating diverse attitudes and forms of understanding related to this phenomenon. In particular, it is necessary to consistently deconstruct the intention of the ideology of ressentiment (M. Scheler) aimed at simplifying the lifeworld of human beings and form a philosophical and anthropological paradigm of understanding the spirit of sacrifice as a mode of free spiritual practice. The essence of the latter consists in devoting one’s life to the values of family, freedom and fecundity, making it possible to overcome the existing “order of violence” through restraining the processes of mimetic rivalry by detecting, criticising, preventing, stopping and transforming them. According to the author, the richness of meanings hidden in the term sacer represents the quintessence of the social and existential strategies and practices of humankind. This article intends to make a theoretical and methodological step in comprehending the phenomenon of sacrifice/spirit of sacrifice as well as in understanding the contexts of its analysis and development in contemporary society.

scholarly journals Introduction: Computer Simulations in Social Epistemology

Episteme ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Douven
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Status

Over recent decades, computer simulations have become a common tool among practitioners of the social sciences. They have been utilized to study such diverse phenomena as the integration and segregation of different racial groups, the emergence and evolution of friendship networks, the spread of gossip, fluctuations of housing prices in an area, the transmission of social norms, and many more. Philosophers of science and others interested in the methodological status of these studies have identified a number of distinctive virtues of the use of computer simulations. For instance, it has been generally appreciated that as simulations require the formulation of an explicit algorithm, they foster precision and clarity about whatever conceptual issues are involved in the study. The value of computer simulations as a heuristic tool for developing hypotheses, models, and theories has also been recognized, as has been the fact that they can serve as a substitute for real experiments. This is especially useful in the social domain, given that human beings cannot be freely manipulated at the discretion of the experimenter (for both points, see Hartmann 1996). However, the main virtue of computer simulations is generally believed to be that they are able to deal with the complexities that arise when many elements interact in a highly dynamic system and which often evade an exact formal analysis (see, e.g., Humphreys 1991).

Charisma and social phenomenology: Gerda Walther, Herman Schmalenbach and Aron Gurwitsch

2021 ◽  
pp. 1468795X2110496
Author(s):  
Dominik Zelinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Charismatic Authority ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Aron Gurwitsch ◽  
Social Phenomenology

This paper explores the contribution of early social phenomenologists working in the 1920s and 1930s in Germany to charisma theory. Specifically, I focus on the works of Gerda Walther, Herman Schmalenbach and Aron Gurwitsch, whose work is now being re-appreciated in the field of social philosophy. Living in the interbellum German-speaking space, these authors were keenly interested in the issue of charismatic authority and leadership introduced into the social sciences by Max Weber, with whom they engaged in an indirect intellectual dialogue. I argue that their phenomenological background equipped them well to understand the intricacies of the experiential and emotional dimension of charisma, and that their insights remain valid even a century after they have been first published.

scholarly journals THE NOTIONS «MECHANISM» AND «ORGANISM» IN THE SOCIAL ONTOLOGY OF S.L. FRANK

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-141
Author(s):  
Виктор Александрович Куприянов
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
General Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
Social Organism ◽  
Organic Theory

Статья посвящена анализу понятий «механизм» и «организм» в социальной философии С.Л. Франка. Социально-философская концепция Франка помещается в широкий контекст философии XIX-начала XX вв. В статье исследуются связи социальной философии Франка и органических теорий государства и общества. Автор статьи приводит обзор органических теорий: демонстрируется их генезис в немецком классическом идеализме и анализируются подходы, наиболее распространенные в XIX в. В статье обосновывается, что органические теории государства исторически связаны с телеологией И. Канта. Именно в философии Канта впервые появляется важное для философии XIX в. противопоставление организма и механизма. В статье указывается, что специфика этого подхода заключается не столько в естественнонаучной аналогии, сколько в интерпретации отношений части и целого. Автор показывает, что оппозиция механизма и организма сыграла важную роль в истории органических представлений об обществе. Русская социально-философская и политологическая мысль рассматривается в контексте общего развития социальных наук XIX в. Русские философы и обществоведы позаимствовали из западной философии идею оппозиции социального механизма и органицизма. На этой основе в России были выработаны аналогичные философско-правовые концепции, которые также можно отнести к традиции органицизма. Автор относит социально-философскую концепцию С.Л. Франка также к указанной традиции социального органицизма. В статье приводится реконструкция социальной философии Франка и отмечается, что его подход близок к идеям, получившим развитие в немецком классической идеализме. Указывается, что Франк критиковал не органическую теорию как таковую, а распространенную в его время натуралистическую концепцию, отождествлявшую общество с организмом. В этой связи автор показывает вклад Франка в историю органических представлений об обществе. The article is devoted to the analysis of the notions «mechanism» and «organism» in S.L. Frank’s social philosophy. The sociophilosophical conception of S.L. Frank is considered in the context of the philosophy of the XIXth - beginning of the XXth centuries. The article deals with the relations of S.L. Frank’s philosophy to the organic theories of society. The author gives an overview of the organic theories: their genesis in the German idealism and analysis of the widespread approaches in the XIXth century philosophy. The article shows that the organic theories were historically connected with the teleology of I. Kant. I. Kant was the first to propose the very opposition of organism and mechanism. The author points out that the speceficity of this approach consists rather in the interpretation of the relations between the part and the whole, than in the scientific analogy. The author shows that this opposition played a significant role in the organic theory of society. Russian social philosophy and political science are considered in the general context of the social sciences of the XIXth century. Russian philosophers and social sciences borrowed the idea of mechanism and organism from the western philosophy. Based on this approach they developed their own conceptions which can also be referred to the organic tradition. The author refers S.L. Frank’s social philosophy to the tradition of social organism. The article reconstructs the Frank’s social philosophy and points out that his approach is derived from the German classical idealism. It is shown that Frank did not criticized the very organic theory, his criticism was directed against naturalistic theories of his time. The author of the article shows the Frank’s contribution to the organic theory of society.

Race in Global Perspective

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Vergara-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Race and racism are key analytical constructs that express fundamental issues not only of power and inequality, but also of justice, democracy, equity, and emancipation. The study of race in the social sciences is an established, dynamic, multidisciplinary, and international field. Work began at the end of the 19th century. To study race with a global perspective, it is necessary to have a transdisciplinary view to read critically the phenomena that intersect with this variable. This field includes contributions from sociology, history, philosophy, legal studies, anthropology, cultural studies, political science, epidemiology, and journalism, among others. Several declarations have been made in recent years about the alleged end of racism or the end of a race-coded era. However, even though they are not new, every time they resurge these doxas underline new regimes of truth, reconfigure racisms, and strength inequality. The vast literature produced by scholars in this field provides evidence of how race is based on narratives created to enslave, subordinate, exploit, and exclude millions of human beings across the globe.

Globalizations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Osterhammel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World History ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Characteristic Features

The revival of world history towards the end of the twentieth century was intimately connected with the rise of a new master concept in the social sciences: globalization. Historians and social scientists responded to the same generational experience that the interconnectedness of social life on the planet had arrived at a new level of intensity. The conclusions drawn from this insight in the various academic disciplines diverged considerably. The early theorists of globalization in sociology, political science, and economics disdained a historical perspective. The new concept seemed ideally suited to grasp the characteristic features of contemporary society. It helped to pinpoint the very essence of present-day modernity. Globalization opened up a way towards the social science mainstream, provided elements of a fresh terminology to a field that had suffered for a long time from an excess of descriptive simplicity.

Philosophy as Social Philosophy

Philosophy ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 42 (159) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Haines
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Philosopher ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
Second World

Just before the second world war, in a paper read to the British Association, Morris Ginsberg talked about the failure of social philosophy and the social sciences to work together in the universities ‘toward the rational ordering of society’. Some time after the war Alexander Macbeath complained to British sociologists of his own vain search for a social philosopher who could teach in a course on public administration. Then a few years later A. E. Teale told an inter-professional conference at Keele that people who teach and train teachers, those who train social workers of all kinds, were disappointed when philosophers professed themselves unable to help those who had to ‘equip students with the skill to change prevailing moral attitudes and standards’.

scholarly journals Droit et Semiotique: La Cohérence Narrative

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Sylvie André
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
New Perspective

In this article, Professor André considers the nature of legal rules, their methods of creation and their interpretation and application. The role of modern narrative theory in answering these perennial questions is explored and two conclusions are reached: first, the classic explanations of legitimacy that underpin reasoning in the social sciences are increasingly losing ground; and, secondly, contemporary literary accounts based on the reasons for this loss of ground provide a strong challenge to narratives of coherence that are closely linked to Western culture. The existing model of knowledge does not correspond to the reality of contemporary society; the rules and principles that even today are still regarded as universal are seen by a large fraction of the human race as relative and cultural. Insights from narrative theory show that the perennial law questions must now be revisited with a new perspective.

scholarly journals KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT ISLAM DI DESA RASABOU KECAMATAN SAPE KABUPATEN BIMA (1931-1997)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dian Marhaeni Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Islamic Society

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kehidupan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Islam, khususnya sejarah masuknya Islam, kondisi Kehidupan Sosial Budaya dan faktor-faktor penghambat dan pendukung pengembangan Islam di Sape Rasabou Kabupaten Bima. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode Historis yaitu melalui tahap Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Histografi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Historis analisis, dan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, Kondisi kehidupan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Islam berlangsung dalam kehidupan kegotongroyongan, meskipun terdapat perbedaan status Sosial, namun mulai terjadi pergeseran semenjak masuknya ajaran Islam bahwa manusia sama derajatnya kecuali yang membedakan adalah ketakwaannya. Kehidupan Budaya Masyarakat Islam di Sape Rasabou berkembang sebagaimana perkembangan agama Islam di wilayah tersebut. Kebudayaan islam terbentuk seiring dengan berkembangnya agama Islam. This study aims to find out the Social and Cultural Life of Islamic Communities, especially the history of the entry of Islam, the condition of Social and Cultural Life and the factors inhibiting and supporting the development of Islam in Sape Rasabou Kabupaten Bima. This research uses Historical method that is through Heuristic, Criticism, Interpretation and Histography. Data analysis used is Historical analysis, and qualitative method. The result of the research shows that the condition of the social life of the Muslim society takes place in the life of mutual cooperation, although there are differences in social status, but there is a shift since the entry of Islamic teachings that human beings are equal except the difference is their piety. The Cultural Life of the Islamic Society in Sape Rasabou developed as the development of Islam in the region. Islamic culture is formed along with the development of Islam.

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