Ethical aspects of using software with artificial intelligence technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
A. L. Khokhlov ◽  
D. Yu. Belousov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
History Of

Today, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can offer solutions to many social problems, including those used to diagnose and treat diseases. However, for this it is necessary to provide an appropriate legal basis. The article presents a brief history of the development of AI, explains the conceptual apparatus, describes the legal basis for its development and implementation in Russian healthcare, the methodology for conducting clinical trials of AI systems, and gives their classification. Particular attention is paid to the ethical principles of clinical trials of AI systems. The ethical examination of projects of clinical trials of AI systems by the Ethics Committee is considered in detail.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Oncology: Towards the Establishment of Precision Medicine

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Hamamoto ◽  
Kruthi Suvarna ◽  
Masayoshi Yamada ◽  
Kazuma Kobayashi ◽  
Norio Shinkai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
History Of

In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have led to the rapid clinical implementation of devices with AI technology in the medical field. More than 60 AI-equipped medical devices have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, and the active introduction of AI technology is considered to be an inevitable trend in the future of medicine. In the field of oncology, clinical applications of medical devices using AI technology are already underway, mainly in radiology, and AI technology is expected to be positioned as an important core technology. In particular, “precision medicine,” a medical treatment that selects the most appropriate treatment for each patient based on a vast amount of medical data such as genome information, has become a worldwide trend; AI technology is expected to be utilized in the process of extracting truly useful information from a large amount of medical data and applying it to diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we would like to introduce the history of AI technology and the current state of medical AI, especially in the oncology field, as well as discuss the possibilities and challenges of AI technology in the medical field.

scholarly journals Risks associated with the ethical aspects of conducting clinical trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
A. L. Khokhlov ◽  
E. A. Polozova ◽  
V. A. Komissarova ◽  
N. V. Chudova ◽  
L. G. Tsyzman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Research

Conducting of clinical trials is closely associated with the ethical justification, with ensuring the rights and safety of the subjects participating in them. Only through trials, it becomes possible to obtain reliable data for the inclusion of new drugs in practice, which are designed to save millions of lives. In the constantly developing field of clinical research, science does not stand still and it becomes necessary to conduct more and more new research: pediatric, geriatric, biomedical products and research involving acute social problems, and of course they all involve certain risks during their implementation. The question of the ethics of conducting research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is very relevant at the moment, when it is necessary to make quick decisions in the interests of all mankind, assessing all possible risks that they may entail.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
С.Ф. Сергеев
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Engineering Psychology ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

В статье дан краткий анализ истории появления и развития проблематики искусственного интеллекта и связанных с нею актуальных направлений в области общей психологии, инженерной психологии и эргономики. При создании систем и технологий искусственного интеллекта, порождаемых эволюцией техногенной среды человеческой цивилизации необходимо учитывать вопросы обеспечения взаимодействия человека с организованной эволюционирующей средой. Рассматриваются перспективные направления психологических исследований и возможные проблемы при использовании в этих областях концептуально-понятийного аппарата постнеклассический психологии, философии самоорганизующихся сложных систем. The article provides a brief analysis of the history of the emergence and development of artificial intelligence issues and related topical areas in the field of General psychology, engineering psychology and ergonomics. When creating artificial intelligence systems and technologies generated by the evolution of the technogenic environment of human civilization, it is necessary to take into account the issues of ensuring human interaction with the organized evolving environment. The article considers promising areas of psychological research and possible problems when using the conceptual and conceptual apparatus of post-non-classical psychology and the philosophy of self-organizing complex systems in these areas.

scholarly journals Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBIE?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo Carvalho ◽  
José Antônio Suzano ◽  
Jonice Oliveira ◽  
Isabela Gasparini ◽  
Flavia Maria Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Computers In Education

There is no doubt about the relevance of Computing in Education (CE), especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the more we deal with computational artifacts in Education, the more we will have to face ethical dilemmas and concerns behind the engineering of the educational artifact and its values and qualities. In the context of the Brazilian Symposium on Computers in Education (SBIE), this paper aims to answer the question: what is the panorama of the occurrence of ethical aspects in SBIE publications between 2011-2020? To answer this question, we followed the methodology of Systematic Literature Review. We analyze topics such as Informed Consent, Ethics Committee, technological domains, ethical principles, and research contexts.

scholarly journals Etyczne aspekty prowadzenia badań klinicznych na tle regulacji karnomaterialnych

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Karolina Piech
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Medical Experiments ◽  
State Of Affairs

Ethical aspects of clinical trials in the context of criminal-law regulationsThe article discusses the issue of rules of conducting clinical trials, both in criminal and ethical terms. The author presents successively the principles of conducting medical experiments, including research on medicinal products with the participation of people, especially focusing on the issue of risk that threatens the patient. Next, the ethical principles of conducting clinical trials, classified by international rank acts, are described. The author compares the content of two groups of norms, striving to answer the question of whether it is possible that such a state of affairs exists, in which a clinical trial would be legally accepted, but would not be characterized by the attribute of ethics.

scholarly journals PRACTICE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TRANSLATION TEACHING AT CHINESE REGIONAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Yan ◽  
Wang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Regional Universities ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reform And Innovation

<p>With its rapid development in recent years, artificial intelligence has been widely used in all aspects of our life, including language teaching and learning. After a review of the history of artificial intelligence technology and a discussion of the development of artificial intelligent translation at home and abroad, the article summarizes the characteristics of translation teaching at Chinese regional universities in the era of artificial intelligent and puts forward pedagogical suggestions for</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0695/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p><p>the reform and innovation in translation teaching.</p>

Definition and History of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kangjuan Lyu ◽  
Miao Hao
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technical Basis

This chapter summarizes the development of cities, in terms of structural tendencies and the essence and problem of traditional cities. Then the definition of smart cities and their characteristics are discussed. Therefore, the development of AI (artificial intelligence) is the origin and technical basis of smart cities. Through big data and cloud computing, AI will reinvent traditional cities. Finally, varied applications of artificial intelligence technology in smart cities are explored including basic infrastructures such as monitoring systems, urban transportation, urban planning, and public services, such as medical and health, security, and varied fields in life.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Trustworthy AI application in clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Leventi ◽  
A Vodenitcharova ◽  
K Popova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Administrative Burden ◽  
High Level ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Abstract Issue Innovative information technologies (IIT) like artificial intelligence (AI), big data, etc. promise to support individual patient care, and promote public health. Their use raises ethical, social and legal issues. Here we demonstrate how the guidelines for trustworthy AI, can assist to answer those ethical issues in the case of clinical trials (CT). Description In 2018 the European Commission established the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI HLEG). The group proposed Guidelines to promote Trustworthy AI, with three components, which should be met throughout the system's entire life cycle, as it should be lawful, ethical and robust. Trustworthiness is a prerequisite for people and societies to develop, and use AI systems. We used a focus group methodology to explore how the guidelines for trustworthy AI can assist to answer the ethical issues that rise by the application of AI in CTs. Results The discussion was directed to the seven requirements for trustworthy AI in CTs, by questions like: Are they relevant in CTs as a whole? Would they be applicable to the use of IIT as AI in CTs? Are you currently applying part, or all, of the proposed list? In the future, would you attach some, or all, of the proposed list? Is the administrative burden of applying the requirements justified by the effect? Lessons It was recommended that: the guidelines are relevant in the conduct of the CT; planning and implementation of CTs using IIT, should take them into account; ethical aspects and challenges are of the utmost importance; the proposed list is a very comprehensive framework; particular attention should be paid where more vulnerable groups are affected; the administrative burden is acceptable, as the effect exceeds the resources invested. Key messages IIT are becoming increasingly important in medicine, and requirements for trustworthy IIT, and AI are necessary. Appropriate instrument in the case of the CTs are the provided by AI HLEG guidelines.

scholarly journals ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF INNOVATIVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN CLINICAL TRIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Leventi ◽  
Alexandrina Vodenitcharova ◽  
Kristina Popova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Ethical Aspects

A clinical trial, according to the WHO, “is any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiological procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, process-of-care changes, preventive care, etc”. The application of innovative information technologies like artificial intelligence and big data analytics in clinical trial processes is a new challenge. Such systems are useful tools, and promise to enhance the healthcare management, and to optimize clinical outcomes and economic effectiveness. However, their use raises ethical and social issues. In this direction, the European Commission in June 2018 set up the High Level Expert Group on AI, which offers guidance on a comprehensive framework for trustworthy AI. Trustworthy AI consists of three components, which should be met during the entire life cycle of the system: (1) it should be lawful, (2) it should be ethical, and (3) it should be robust. In this article we used the focus group methodology to obtain information from experts about the ethical aspects raised when innovative information technologies like artificial intelligence and big data analytics are used in clinical trials. Feedback from the experts was also gathered regarding the usage of the proposed guidelines for trustworthy AI, as an evaluation tool for the particular case of clinical trials.

scholarly journals Analysis of Military Information Construction under the Background of Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03046
Author(s):  
Jian Pan ◽  
Kang Yi ◽  
Hua Fang ◽  
Yuting Zhao ◽  
Keke Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Military Application ◽  
Development History ◽  
Information Construction ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
History Of

On the basis of sorting out the development history of artificial intelligence technology and its status quo in military application, the paper discussed the challenges in military application of artificial intelligence technology in information warfare, constructed a framework for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of military information, and put forward constructive thoughts and suggestions on how to accelerate the intelligent application in the field of military information.

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