scholarly journals Adaptación a la Nueva Realidad Sociocultural en España: Propuestas para la Mejora de la Asistencia en Traducción e Interpretación Jurídica en los Servicios Públicos

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Leticia Arcos Álvarez

Resumen: En los últimos tiempos, el panorama legal de España ha cambiado a base de enmiendas, nuevos proyectos de leyes, reglamentos, etc., lo que, sumado a un período de grandes modificaciones sociales en materia de trabajo, política, economía y migraciones, ha dado lugar a una nueva realidad que afecta a todo el conjunto de ciudadanos, y en especial, a la población extranjera no hispanohablante que reside en nuestro país. Hoy en día, vivimos en una sociedad multilingüe y multicultural en la que las comunidades de inmigrantes tienen que hacer frente a grandes diferencias durante su vida cotidiana, principalmente relacionadas con las barreras lingüísticas y culturales. El proceso de integración y de aprendizaje del idioma es lento y se puede prolongar durante bastante tiempo, período durante el cual estas personas tienen que realizar trámites burocráticos sin poseer los conocimientos lingüísticos y del sistema administrativo adecuados. Cuando estos obstáculos impiden la comunicación es necesario desarrollar soluciones que permitan el entendimiento entre las partes. En este punto aparece la figura del intérprete o mediador intercultural, que interviene para garantizar una comunicación efectiva.Abstract: In recent times, Spain's legal scenario has changed with amendments, new bills, regulations, etc. This new picture, along with a period of major social changes in labor, politics, economy and migrations has given rise to a new reality that affects the whole group of citizens, and especially the non-Spanish-speaking foreign population living in our country. Nowadays, we live in a multilingual and multicultural society in which immigrant communities have to cope with major differences during their daily lives, mainly related to linguistic and cultural barriers. The process of integration and language learning is slow and can be prolonged for a long time, during which these people have to perform bureaucratic procedures without adequate linguistic and administrative knowledge. When these obstacles hinder communication it is necessary to develop solutions allowing the understanding between the parties. The role of the intercultural interpreter or mediator then appears, who intervenes to guarantee an effective communication. 

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Leticia Arcos Álvarez

Resumen: La normativa que regula los servicios de traducción e interpretación en entornos judiciales, policiales y penitenciarios en España ha ido evolucionando con el paso del tiempo, aunque todavía no refleja la nueva realidad social del país. Actualmente, nuestra sociedad es multilingüe y multicultural, y en ella conviven comunidades de inmigrantes que tienen que hacer frente a grandes obstáculos lingüísticos y culturales en su día a día. Es en estas situaciones en las que aparece la figura del intérprete o mediador intercultural, con el fin de garantizar una comunicación efectiva entre los proveedores de servicios y los usuarios extranjeros.  Abstract: The legislation governing translation and interpreting in judicial, police and prison settings in Spain has evolved over the time, but still does not reflect the new social reality of the country. Nowadays, our society is multilingual and multicultural, and immigrant communities living here having to deal with large linguistic and cultural barriers in their daily lives. It is in these situations where the role of the interpreter and intercultural mediator appears, in order to ensure effective communication between service providers and foreign users.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Yanghua Peng

The research of grammar has been received much concern at home and abroad and the instruction of grammar is a focus and difficulty in English language teaching. The role of scholastic grammar has been paid little attention to for a long time. Some linguists and teachers believe that the traditional or school grammar should be the key in the classroom instruction, but others argue that scholastic grammar is a vital part in language itself. Based on the theories of second language learning and the viewpoints of Otto. Jespersen and H. Poutsma about scholastic grammar, this article conducts a research in colleges and analyzes the stylistic effect of attributive post-position from scholastic grammar perspective and finds that it is necessary to reconsider the important role of scholastic grammar in college English teaching. The paper ends with a conclusion about some implications of the present research for college English language teaching in China.


Author(s):  
N. Levitska ◽  

Linguists emphasize the importance of a structural-systematic approach to language learning, which helps to increase interest in solving the problem of language normativeness. The term “norm”, like many other terms in linguistics, is polysemous. At the same time, an important and still insufficiently disclosed aspect of the study of language norms is the definition of its essence in nationally heterogeneous languages, in particular in German standard language, which actualizes the study of autonomous norms of national variants of German, their identical and nationally specific features. Understanding the uniqueness of the codification of phonetic realities in the German language is relevant in the context of the traditions of Western European lexicography and the process of globalization and increasingly affects the linguistic spheres. The article is dedicated to the study of the notion of German orthoepic norm, the problem of its definition and mechanisms of its formation. The notion of the norm is rather ambiguous and its different aspects are usually highlighted by scientists when giving its definition. Generally they mark out two principal dimensions in the notion of the norm: the objective norm and the subjective norm. In conditions of community development, continuous linguistic and social changes, interdependent and interacting, the norm is a fundamental regulator of speech activity. It is clear that normative speech is the obligatory sign of well-educated, cultured person and the culture of sounding speech is an important aspect of national culture such as the culture of written word, communication or social life in general. The orthoepic German norm has been evolved in the process of Germanlanguage development. It is absolutely related to historical, social and culture processes. The norms are not invented by philologists, they reflect a certain stage of literary language development. In the article the role of the norm and its place in the language is defined and norm evolution in the process of language establishment and development is considered


Bioderecho.es ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Cartier

Si la ley ha estado presente indirectamente durante mucho tiempo en torno a esta cuestión -a través de la categorización de la discapacidad, su atención institucional y financiera y el marco penal y civil de las situaciones que las personas con discapacidad pueden experimentar en su vida cotidiana, incluyendo su vida sexual y emocional-, los juristas, que están muy presentes hoy en día (incluyendo a Bruno Py, que es uno de los pioneros en este campo), todavía estaban en gran medida ausentes de este problema hace diez años. En efecto, se trata de un campo que ha sido estudiado principalmente por psicoanalistas, psicólogos y sociólogos, como lo demuestra el gran número de libros y artículos colectivos o individuales publicados en revistas científicas especializadas o de carácter general sobre el tema en estos campos disciplinarios, desde los años ochenta, en Francia y en el extranjero. La reciente (o tardía) presencia de juristas, algunos de cuyos pioneros están asociados a esta investigación, que sin embargo sigue siendo marginal, se explica por razones que probablemente son principalmente circunstanciales. Las razones de esta presencia tardía (o reciente) de los juristas también están relacionadas con la demanda de normalización por parte de las propias partes interesadas en la discapacidad que tratan de normalizar, o incluso codificar, sus reacciones individuales ante determinadas situaciones emocionalmente fuertes, y de valorar determinados experimentos innovadores y "buenas prácticas" en este ámbito. La legitimidad del enfoque jurídico, complementario al de otras ciencias sociales, resulta no sólo de la función del derecho como receptáculo de los valores de la sociedad, sino también de su función como fuerza de transformación social,[1]más allá del consenso popular. El imperativo del Estado de derecho, combinado con la legitimidad de su modo de producción democrático, es en realidad un vector de grandes transformaciones que a menudo fuerzan o anticipan grandes cambios sociales. Si el prisma de la ley contiene ciertas carencias, entre ellas la del confinamiento categórico y verbal, el prisma de los derechos, y en particular de los llamados derechos "fundamentales", tiene el mérito de basarse en un sistema de valores que implica un enfoque ético del sujeto. La interacción de los mecanismos de reconocimiento, interacción, confrontación y conciliación de derechos, tanto por parte del juez como del legislador, implica necesariamente un enfoque ético. Sin embargo, si la sexualidad nos dice algo sobre la relación de la sociedad con la verdad, esta verdad puede ser tanto la de la sociedad misma como la de sus relaciones de poder, pero también la del hombre, sobre todo cuando se trata del hombre atrapado en su vulnerabilidad consustancial, que aparece a toda luz en el caso de la discapacidad, que en última instancia es sólo un grado adicional de vulnerabilidad que nos desafía y nos devuelve a nuestra primera condición.   If law has been present indirectly for a long time around this issue - through the categorization of disability, its institutional and financial attention and the criminal and civil framework of the situations that people with disabilities may experience in their daily lives, including their sexual and emotional lives - the jurists, who are very present today (including Bruno Py, who is one of the pioneers in this field), were still largely absent from this problem ten years ago. Indeed, it is a field that has been studied mainly by psychoanalysts, psychologists and sociologists, as evidenced by the large number of books and collective or individual articles published in specialized or general scientific journals on the subject in these disciplinary fields, since the 1980s, in France and abroad. The recent (or late) presence of jurists, some of whose pioneers are associated with this research, which nevertheless remains marginal, is explained by reasons that are probably mainly circumstantial. The reasons for this late (or recent) presence of jurists are also related to the demand for standardisation on the part of the disability stakeholders themselves who seek to standardise, or even codify, their individual reactions to certain emotionally strong situations, and to value certain innovative experiments and "good practices" in this field. The legitimacy of the legal approach, complementary to that of other social sciences, results not only from the function of law as a receptacle for society's values, but also from its function as a force for social transformation,[1] beyond popular consensus. The imperative of the rule of law, combined with the legitimacy of its democratic mode of production, is in reality a vector of great transformations that often force or anticipate great social changes. If the prism of the law contains certain deficiencies, among them that of categorical and verbal confinement, the prism of rights, and in particular of the so-called "fundamental" rights, has the merit of being based on a system of values that implies an ethical approach to the subject. The interaction of the mechanisms of recognition, interaction, confrontation and conciliation of rights, on the part of both the judge and the legislator, necessarily implies an ethical approach. However, if sexuality tells us something about society's relationship with the truth, this truth may be that of society itself as well as its power relations, but also that of man, especially when it comes to man trapped in his consubstantial vulnerability, which appears in all light in the case of disability, which is ultimately only an additional degree of vulnerability that challenges us and brings us back to our first condition. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator


Author(s):  
N.V DEVDARIANI ◽  
◽  
E.V RUBTSOVA ◽  

This article examines the role of grammar in learning a foreign language. The authors of the article proceed from the position that in teaching speaking, grammar is of fundamental importance, representing a basis for further study of vocabulary, build sentences, and eventually speaking, i.e. fluency in a foreign language. The authors review the existing in scientific literature approaches to the study of grammar and stress the urgency of this problem, because for a long time discussed in this article aspect of foreign language teaching remains a subject of debate among scientists - methodologists. However, despite the existence of various approaches and methods, according to which language learning does not involve a mandatory and systematic study of the grammatical laws and regulations in the modern domestic and foreign methods of teaching foreign language are traditionally considered to be that mastering a foreign language is impossible without studying the grammatical structure of the language, but also rules of change of words, their compounds in combination and suggestions. It is noted that the methodology of teaching foreign languages traditionally distinguishes two approaches: implicit and explicit, each of which is characterized by their methods of delivery of grammar. It is concluded that the formation of grammar skills is a complex and lengthy process, therefore the teacher's task is to pick an approach and exercise system that quickly and efficiently helped the trainees to master the grammar of a foreign language.


Author(s):  
Olga V. Roitblat

In the conditions of constant social changes that transform the usual stereotypes of professional activity, the teacher finds himself in a situation of confusion and frustration. Experiencing a situation of uncertainty for a long time causes irritation, fatigue and a decrease in the life resource of the pedagogical community. The growing demands on the teacher, his permanent need to meet the changing world dictates new tasks for the professional development system, designed to provide the educational space with personnel, taking into account the requirements of the situation. In the Russian system of additional professional education, there is an active search for ways, models, and ways to train teachers. The paper analyzes the experience of testing a personalized educational strategy of teachers as a variant of a subject-oriented program of continuous professional and personal development in modern conditions. On the basis of the Tyumen Regional State Institute for the Development of Regional Education, work was carried out on designing a model of a personalized educational strategy of teachers. This model was the logical result of many years of work of the Institute to find the optimal way to satisfy practicing teachers in minimizing professional difficulties, in overcoming difficulties in pedagogical activity. The author of the article describes the relevance of the task facing the professional development system; the results of theoretical and methodological understanding of the stated problem are presented; the experience of designing a personalized educational strategy of teachers, including five stages, is presented in detail; the necessary mechanisms and resources used are fixed, data on the results of satisfaction with the tested model by teachers are provided; conclusions are drawn about the role of the professional development system at the present stage. In the discussion, the author refers to the experience of scientists from other regions, thereby emphasizing the importance of the problem for the entire territory of the Russian Federation.


2017 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Yuri Boreyko

A significant factor in the social development of the present is the strengthening of the position of religion, including a certain increase in the socio-political influence of religious institutions, which for a long time were eliminated on the periphery of public life. According to S. Huntington, the acquisition of the religion of the present situation in society is caused by the crisis of identity through social changes in modernizing societies. Raising the role of religion is also a reaction to atheism, moral relativism and indulgence in its weaknesses in the affirmation of the value of order, discipline, labor, mutual assistance and human solidarity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Mukhayyo Usmonova ◽  

Introduction. This article deals with the interpretation of the literary texts in an ESL classroom. We will try to analyze and examine the possible overcomes of the usage of literature in the classroom which means it will purely rely on the teacher and student involvement in the classroom situation. Research methods. It is clear that the problem of using literary texts in the English classroom is being observed and analyzed for a long time. There are many researches conducted in this field that have both positive and negative results. Literature is inseparable part of language learning since it deals with authentic text, and the reader can see the language of people who use it as their native. It can be a very helpful tool even if it has some cons which will not overweight the positiveness of this research. Results and discussions. Its is very important to mention that ESL classroom differs from a native speaker classroom for the reason that the students are not directly involved in the process of using the language that they are learning. The learning styles of the students with different cultural background also affects on the process of learning for the fact that culture is a part of language. Because of this reason language learning can be closely connected with the literature of that nation since you can come across with different cultural aspects while you read or examine any sorts of literary books.


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