This Ain't Your Grandma's English

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Bedding Materials

Words change. We use new words to describe old things, and we put new meanings on old words. Take “beddum and bolstrum” for example. For some of you that phrase might conjure up warm memories of spending the night at grandmother’s house after a day of frolicking with cousins in the meadow, and at bedtime hearing her call from the top of the staircase, “Beddum and bolstrum, kiddies!” . . . or it might not. In fact, beddum ond bolstrum (bedding materials) is made up of old Anglo-Saxon words that haven’t been used much since the late 1000s. Whatever grandma was shouting down the stairs, you must have heard it wrong.

The Incoherence of Gender as a Social Construct

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
John Skalko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Construct ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings

People can certainly attempt to create new words, convince others that certain words have taken on new meanings, or advocate that new meanings should supplant the older, more common ones. However, the introduction of a new definition does not invalidate a word’s older meaning. Today, many have begun using the word gender in a novel way because they claim that gender is a social construct. This article questions the coherence of that usage with other popularly accepted views about the reality of persons who identify as transgender.

Corpus planning and codification in the Hebrew Revival

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-298
Author(s):  
Moshe Nahir
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Communication Needs

The study of the unprecedented revival of Hebrew in (pre-Israel) Palestine (approx. 1890–1914) has focused on the status of the language, because the revival has been rightly viewed as resulting from status planning. However, corpus planning, or codification, also served as a critical component of the Revival. Though Hebrew had been used for almost two millennia in written form, mainly as a language of religion, codification was needed in several areas — selection and harmonization of pronunciation, unification of spelling, etc. Still, the greatest task was adapting the language lexically to the modern world. Codification went on in Hebrew, in fact, for over a millennium by generations of writers and translators of various types of texts, culminating in the formation of a modern literature, probably the most instrumental factor enabling the Revival. Lexicalization in the Revival itself was partly done by the Hebrew Language Committee, but mostly by individuals. Ben-Yehuda drew words from old texts and created his own as a scholarly activity and to meet his lexical needs as a newspaper publisher and the first Hebrew dictionary compiler. Others included the writer and journalist Ben-Avi and the national poet Bialik, who drew words from earlier texts or created their own only when they needed them. Other individuals coined countless words to meet their communication needs — writers, journalists, educators, translators, publishers, editors, and language-conscious political leaders. Apart from drawing words from old texts with their original or new meanings, methods included: coining new words from old roots; using old, dormant words as different parts of speech; reducing expressions into single words; borrowing; loan translation; popular etymology; adding prefixes, suffixes or infixes to existing words; and merging pairs of words into single ones.

scholarly journals COMPOUNDING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Rafica Sari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Open Form ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstrakDalam linguistik merupakan proses pembentukan kata yang sangat produktif dua kata atau lebih digabungkan menjadi sebuah kata baru. Proses ini sering dijumpai pada pembentukan kata atau istilah baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Compound word (kata majemuk) pada istilah-istilah bidang teknologi informasi adakalanya memiliki makna yang berbeda dari makna leksikal pembentuk kata majemuknya. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini ditulis untuk mendeskripsikan kata majemuk yang terdapat pada istilah teknologi informasi,  mendeskripsikan cara penulisannya, dan mendeskripsikan makna leksikal pada kata majemuk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diketahui bahwa kata majemuk dalam teknologi informasi memiliki beberapa kombinasi elemen dengan cara penulisan menggunakan open form, hyphenated-form, dan closed/solid form. Makna kata majemukyang terbentuk dari proses compounding pada istilah teknologi informasi ternyata lebih banyak mempertahankan makna leksikal dari masing-masing kata pembentuknya daripada membentuk makna baru. Kata-kata kunci: compounding, istilah teknologi informasi, makna leksikal. AbstractIn linguistic it is a process of word formation that is very productive in which two or more words are combined into a new word. This process is often found in the formation of new words or terms in the field of information technology. Compound words for terms in the field of information technology sometimes have a different meaning from the lexical meaning of each word that makes up the compound words. Therefore, this paper is written to describe compound words contained in information technology terms, to describes how to write them, and to describe lexical meanings of the compound words. Based on the analysis using a descriptive method, it was found that compound words in information technology have some combinations of elements by way of writing using open form, hyphenated-form, and closed/solid form. Meanings of compound words that are formed through the  compounding process in the information technology terms seem to maintain lexical meaning of each constituent word rather than forming new meanings. Keywords:  compounding, information technology terms, lexical meaning

scholarly journals A Glimpse at the Study of English Neologism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Yan-Qing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Single Method

Language is a social phenomenon and changes with the development of society. Neologisms are new words and new expressions which are the cutting edge of language. Neologisms are being invented or introduced every day to express new things and new ideas in society. Scholars usually discuss neologisms from two perspectives: the time perspective and the semantic perspective. Neologisms can be classified according to their functions, their coinage processes, their formation, and their sources. There are three main methods of new word creation: neologisms by rules of word-formation; neologisms by adding new meanings to existing words; neologisms by borrowing words from other languages. Even a single method is quite productive in new word creation.

Technical Terms in Aristophanes

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Denniston
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Science ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
Dionysius Of Halicarnassus ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Technical Terms ◽  
Methodical Investigation

Every living science, especially in its early stages, is compelled to devise fresh terms, either by coining new words or by giving new meanings to old ones. Unless and until these fresh terms become absorbed in the vocabulary of everyday speech, their unfamiliarity makes them a target for the shafts of the humourist. There can be no doubt that in the late fifth century B.C. literary criticism (using the expression in its widest sense, to include all methodical investigation of literary technique) was still a new science. We can trace its beginnings in the treatises of the Sophists, many titles of which have been handed down to us. Strepsiades' lesson in metric, though of itself amusing enough, would certainly gain in topical appropriateness if enacted at a time when such investigations were not only much in the air, but were still novel. And the whole ‘Agon’ of the Frogs, the character of which is forecasted in lines 796–802, depicts in the strongest colours the contrasted views of technician and inspirationist. We should therefore naturally expect a play of such a kind, written at such a time, to be full of technical jargon, barely understood by the ‘man in the street,’ and forming the object of his half-contemptuous amusement. That is, I believe, exactly what we do find, to an extent insufficiently recognized. Professor Radermacher, in his recent edition of the Frogs, has rendered valuable service by pointing out the frequent occurrence in that play of technical terms which meet us later in Dionysius of Halicarnassus and other critics. But I believe that technical language lurks unsuspected in many other passages, though the precise meaning may often be beyond recovery.

Hearing-impaired students learning new words from written context

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. De Villiers ◽  
Sarah B. Pomerantz
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
New Words ◽  
Form Class ◽  
Reading Vocabulary ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Syntactic Information ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
Hearing Impaired Students

AbstractNormally hearing students acquire most of their reading vocabulary from printed context, but little is known about this process in hearing-impaired students. Two studies, therefore, investigated hearing-impaired students' ability to derive lexical and syntactic information about unknown words embedded in short passages of text. The passages varied in their informativeness about the meaning of the unknown words. Ability to derive at least a partial meaning for a word in context was determined both by the type of context and the reading comprehension levels of the students. However, there was no relationship between reading comprehension scores and ability to determine the form class of the words in context. The results are related to the importance of integrating semantic information into a meaning schema for the passage in order to acquire new meanings for unknown words and to the local strategies adopted by poorer readers when attempting to answer comprehension questions. Implications for explaining, and trying to ameliorate, the well-documented vocabulary limitations of hearing-impaired students are discussed.

scholarly journals Resources and methods of neosemantization of the modern Ukrainian vocabulary

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Iuliia Tsyhvintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Language Practice ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Media Texts

This article focuses on the dynamic processes at the lexical level. The research data, e.g., academic dictionaries and dictionaries of new words, online media texts, and specialized professional sites, the Ukrainian journalism, and posts by Facebook users, indicate the emergence of a large number of new meanings of various word classes words well-known in the modern Ukrain- ian language practice. Some of them are already included in dictionaries, and, therefore, have acquired definitions used in this study. Examples not attested in lexicographic sources are reinterpreted in accordance with their new meanings. The author focuses on the ability of the language to update its vocabulary within its own resources through semantic derivation, hidden borrowings, and the use of the available derivation model referring to a new concept. A phenomenon of semantic derivation is outlined and the mechanisms of its main types, e.g., metaphorical and metonymy transfer of meaning, amplification and semantic narrowing, are explicated. The paper looks into the basis for such a unit assimilation process, i.e., the main groups of modern hidden borrowings and resources. The author considers the phenomenon of the reuse of an existing derivation model as a way of updating the semantics of a word and classifies neosemantisms not only by the method of creation but also by lexical and word-formation categories and types of polysemy. The use of neosemantisms in Standard Ukrainian proves their functional and word-formation activity, which shows a constant qualitative development of the language and an increase of its naming resources. Keywords: neosemantism, semantic derivation, polysemy, hidden borrowing, recurrent derivational model, homonym.

scholarly journals Foreign words included in the Abay dictionary in the Kazakh language: features of use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagbdu S. Kamarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
The Rich

The article says that Abay is not only a skilled user of the rich value of the national language, but also a poet who creates new words, new meanings. The article also deals with the purpose of creating a dictionary of Abay. Writing this article, we were looking for answers to the questions of how many words the great poet used in writing his works and in what sense he used them. The article analyzes foreign words included in the Abay dictionary in the Kazakh language and their features of use.

scholarly journals Semantic assimilation of foreign new words by the Russian and Chinese language (on the material of online forums)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Denisenko ◽  
Anastasya V. Denisenko ◽  
Alexander N. Shirobokov ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Internet Forums ◽  
Linguistic Problem

The article discusses the ways of borrowing foreign words in modern Russian and Chinese language, and the processes of their adoption in written speech of participants of Internet forums. This important linguistic problem was endowed with particular relevance in the conditions of the internetization of society, since it is on the Internet that new forms of mass communication arise and develop, communicate numerous social and age groups. The study identifies and compares differences in the ways of borrowing of foreign language vocabulary in Russian and Chinese. A comparative analysis of the studied lexical units showed that, in both Russian and Chinese modern speech, loanwords can develop new semantics by meaning extension, metaphorizing and metonimizing. It is noted that the formation of new meanings in the semantic structure of loanwords can be influenced by the contexts in which they are used.

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