scholarly journals Foreign words included in the Abay dictionary in the Kazakh language: features of use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagbdu S. Kamarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
The Rich

The article says that Abay is not only a skilled user of the rich value of the national language, but also a poet who creates new words, new meanings. The article also deals with the purpose of creating a dictionary of Abay. Writing this article, we were looking for answers to the questions of how many words the great poet used in writing his works and in what sense he used them. The article analyzes foreign words included in the Abay dictionary in the Kazakh language and their features of use.

This Ain't Your Grandma's English

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Bedding Materials

Words change. We use new words to describe old things, and we put new meanings on old words. Take “beddum and bolstrum” for example. For some of you that phrase might conjure up warm memories of spending the night at grandmother’s house after a day of frolicking with cousins in the meadow, and at bedtime hearing her call from the top of the staircase, “Beddum and bolstrum, kiddies!” . . . or it might not. In fact, beddum ond bolstrum (bedding materials) is made up of old Anglo-Saxon words that haven’t been used much since the late 1000s. Whatever grandma was shouting down the stairs, you must have heard it wrong.

The Incoherence of Gender as a Social Construct

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
John Skalko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Construct ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings

People can certainly attempt to create new words, convince others that certain words have taken on new meanings, or advocate that new meanings should supplant the older, more common ones. However, the introduction of a new definition does not invalidate a word’s older meaning. Today, many have begun using the word gender in a novel way because they claim that gender is a social construct. This article questions the coherence of that usage with other popularly accepted views about the reality of persons who identify as transgender.

Corpus planning and codification in the Hebrew Revival

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-298
Author(s):  
Moshe Nahir
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Communication Needs

The study of the unprecedented revival of Hebrew in (pre-Israel) Palestine (approx. 1890–1914) has focused on the status of the language, because the revival has been rightly viewed as resulting from status planning. However, corpus planning, or codification, also served as a critical component of the Revival. Though Hebrew had been used for almost two millennia in written form, mainly as a language of religion, codification was needed in several areas — selection and harmonization of pronunciation, unification of spelling, etc. Still, the greatest task was adapting the language lexically to the modern world. Codification went on in Hebrew, in fact, for over a millennium by generations of writers and translators of various types of texts, culminating in the formation of a modern literature, probably the most instrumental factor enabling the Revival. Lexicalization in the Revival itself was partly done by the Hebrew Language Committee, but mostly by individuals. Ben-Yehuda drew words from old texts and created his own as a scholarly activity and to meet his lexical needs as a newspaper publisher and the first Hebrew dictionary compiler. Others included the writer and journalist Ben-Avi and the national poet Bialik, who drew words from earlier texts or created their own only when they needed them. Other individuals coined countless words to meet their communication needs — writers, journalists, educators, translators, publishers, editors, and language-conscious political leaders. Apart from drawing words from old texts with their original or new meanings, methods included: coining new words from old roots; using old, dormant words as different parts of speech; reducing expressions into single words; borrowing; loan translation; popular etymology; adding prefixes, suffixes or infixes to existing words; and merging pairs of words into single ones.

scholarly journals Odor Markers of Poetical Speech of the Beginning of the XX Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Cherevchenko
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
New Words ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Living Organisms

The article deals with an attempt to characterize a smell in human knowledge, analyzed the points of view of different scientists concerning this problem, considered odor markers of the artistic text as components of united system of verbal and non verbal individual resources aimed at forming different types of subtext. The olfactory feeling occupies the special place in the vital functions of man. They arose up one of the first, next to taste, which provided the living organisms two basic functions: feed and reproduction. However, in the process of evolution, olfactory feelings experienced the biggest changes European poetry of the beginning of XX century is interesting in its aspiration to create a new poetical speech that is why the attention is adhered to odor instruments, when the smell became an expression of the esthetical subtext. Odor content of the poetical speech of the XX century is one of the most important tools of forming content deepness of the text meaning, disclosure of the palette of meanings. The research is based on the material of poetry of representatives of Silver age and Ukrainian neoclassicists. The research proves that the most dynamic is lexical system of the language which helps to show ethnic language map of the world in artistic text. It studies the evolution of an individual author’s nomination in the poetic creativity of M. Rylsky, M. Zerov, Y. Klen, M. Dray-Hmara, P. Fylypovych, A. Block, N. Gumilov, A. Akchmatova, V. Maiakovski, S. Jesenin, V. Chlebnikov, O. Mandelshtam, M. Zvietaieva, V. Briusov and others. The paper examines the semantic-derivative structure of innovations of odor lexems, classifies the most numerous lexical and semantic groups of new words for identifying smell, and defines typical signs of odorous lexemes that represent the specific national language and poetic view of the world. Materials of the research can be used in teaching such subjects as “Modern Ukrainian Literary Language (lexicology, phraseology, lexicography)”, “Stylistics and Culture of the Ukrainian Language”, “Rhetoric and Linguistic Analysis of Artistic Text”, as well as special courses on ethnolinguistics, linguopoetics; for writing chapters devoted to the study of trope units, in textbooks and manuals; in lexicographic practice when compiling dictionaries of the writer’s language.

scholarly journals COMPOUNDING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Rafica Sari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Open Form ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstrakDalam linguistik merupakan proses pembentukan kata yang sangat produktif dua kata atau lebih digabungkan menjadi sebuah kata baru. Proses ini sering dijumpai pada pembentukan kata atau istilah baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Compound word (kata majemuk) pada istilah-istilah bidang teknologi informasi adakalanya memiliki makna yang berbeda dari makna leksikal pembentuk kata majemuknya. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini ditulis untuk mendeskripsikan kata majemuk yang terdapat pada istilah teknologi informasi,  mendeskripsikan cara penulisannya, dan mendeskripsikan makna leksikal pada kata majemuk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diketahui bahwa kata majemuk dalam teknologi informasi memiliki beberapa kombinasi elemen dengan cara penulisan menggunakan open form, hyphenated-form, dan closed/solid form. Makna kata majemukyang terbentuk dari proses compounding pada istilah teknologi informasi ternyata lebih banyak mempertahankan makna leksikal dari masing-masing kata pembentuknya daripada membentuk makna baru. Kata-kata kunci: compounding, istilah teknologi informasi, makna leksikal. AbstractIn linguistic it is a process of word formation that is very productive in which two or more words are combined into a new word. This process is often found in the formation of new words or terms in the field of information technology. Compound words for terms in the field of information technology sometimes have a different meaning from the lexical meaning of each word that makes up the compound words. Therefore, this paper is written to describe compound words contained in information technology terms, to describes how to write them, and to describe lexical meanings of the compound words. Based on the analysis using a descriptive method, it was found that compound words in information technology have some combinations of elements by way of writing using open form, hyphenated-form, and closed/solid form. Meanings of compound words that are formed through the  compounding process in the information technology terms seem to maintain lexical meaning of each constituent word rather than forming new meanings. Keywords:  compounding, information technology terms, lexical meaning

scholarly journals A Glimpse at the Study of English Neologism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Yan-Qing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Single Method

Language is a social phenomenon and changes with the development of society. Neologisms are new words and new expressions which are the cutting edge of language. Neologisms are being invented or introduced every day to express new things and new ideas in society. Scholars usually discuss neologisms from two perspectives: the time perspective and the semantic perspective. Neologisms can be classified according to their functions, their coinage processes, their formation, and their sources. There are three main methods of new word creation: neologisms by rules of word-formation; neologisms by adding new meanings to existing words; neologisms by borrowing words from other languages. Even a single method is quite productive in new word creation.

scholarly journals How to choose the proper words? The process of vocabulary standardization in Putonghua

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Maria Kurpaska
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
National Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
The One ◽  
Vast Area

Abstract As with most fields of life, China can trace its history of word standardization back to ancient times, when the first dictionaries (such as Erya, ca. 3rd century B.C.) appeared. Modern Standard Chinese used in Mainland China – Putonghua – has been subject to standardization since its proclamation as the official national language of China in 1956. The definition states quite clearly that its base is formed by the Northern dialects. This statement concerns also vocabulary. However, it is not a simple matter to make a choice of words which are to be used throughout the country. On the one hand, the so-called “Northern dialects” are spoken by almost 70% of the Han Chinese population, i.e. by about 800 million people. Although the Northern dialects are said to be quite uniform, the vast area that they cover must bring diversity in vocabulary. On the other hand, the remaining 30% of the Han Chinese speak a range of mutually unintelligible tongues, which are bound to penetrate the Northern dialects. The aim of this paper is to show how the lexicon of Putonghua is being codified. An attempt will be made to reveal how the basic vocabulary was selected during the forming of Putonghua in the 1950s. Some of the tools used by the State Language Commission in order to control the process of vocabulary standardization will be described. Moreover, the paper intends to describe the ongoing changes in the Chinese lexicon. It will show the sources of new words that are gradually accepted into the authoritative dictionaries of modern Chinese.

scholarly journals LẦU XANH TÚ BÀ – CUNG TRẦM KHỐC LIỆT TRONG ĐỜI THÚY KIỀU

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Hữu Sơn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
Individual Human ◽  
The Ideal

We apply gender theory to understand the life of Thuy Kieu at the brothel of Tu Ba in relation to her entire life. We focus on analyzing memories, reflections, and pure love predictions in contrast to the days of exile at Tu Ba's brothel. We identify the levels of spiritual life, emotions, and sexual behaviors in relation to real situations, emotions, psychology, and human values. Expanding our comments, we discuss some opinions of Nguyen Bach Khoa, Ho Dac Duy, and Phan Que in explaining instinctive characteristics, humanity, and social conventions. The reality of action and the ability to self-sense about sexual acts shows the personality, bravery, and cultural depth as well as the rich spiritual world of Thuy Kieu. The article investigates, verifies the reality and the ideal, identifies the multi-personality characteristics of Thuy Kieu from the measure of instinct and individual human qualities, and contributes to affirm the creative talent of the great poet, Nguyen Du.

Technical Terms in Aristophanes

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Denniston
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Science ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
Dionysius Of Halicarnassus ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Technical Terms ◽  
Methodical Investigation

Every living science, especially in its early stages, is compelled to devise fresh terms, either by coining new words or by giving new meanings to old ones. Unless and until these fresh terms become absorbed in the vocabulary of everyday speech, their unfamiliarity makes them a target for the shafts of the humourist. There can be no doubt that in the late fifth century B.C. literary criticism (using the expression in its widest sense, to include all methodical investigation of literary technique) was still a new science. We can trace its beginnings in the treatises of the Sophists, many titles of which have been handed down to us. Strepsiades' lesson in metric, though of itself amusing enough, would certainly gain in topical appropriateness if enacted at a time when such investigations were not only much in the air, but were still novel. And the whole ‘Agon’ of the Frogs, the character of which is forecasted in lines 796–802, depicts in the strongest colours the contrasted views of technician and inspirationist. We should therefore naturally expect a play of such a kind, written at such a time, to be full of technical jargon, barely understood by the ‘man in the street,’ and forming the object of his half-contemptuous amusement. That is, I believe, exactly what we do find, to an extent insufficiently recognized. Professor Radermacher, in his recent edition of the Frogs, has rendered valuable service by pointing out the frequent occurrence in that play of technical terms which meet us later in Dionysius of Halicarnassus and other critics. But I believe that technical language lurks unsuspected in many other passages, though the precise meaning may often be beyond recovery.

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