scholarly journals Monitoring Of Sucking Pests Of Vegetable Crops From The (Auchenorrhyncha) Series Of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alevtina Gregorovna Kozhevnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Modern Control

The article presents the monitoring of sucking pests of vegetable crops of the families Aphrophoridae and Cicadellidae from the Auchenorrhyncha series, their sistematic position, food connections, harmfulness, and modern control measures are recommended.

The effect of organic compost of Caryocar brasiliense waste against Meloidogyne javanica in two vegetable crops

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabíola de J. Silva ◽  
Regina C.F. Ribeiro ◽  
Adelica A. Xavier ◽  
Vanessa A. Gomes ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Organic Compost

Summary Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m−3 to 30 kg m−3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m−3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops.

Detection of Phytophthora capsici from irrigation ponds in South Georgia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Hudson ◽  
Sumyya Waliullah ◽  
Pingsheng Ji ◽  
Justin Hand ◽  
Jake Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Wide Range

Phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of Phytophthora blight, is a prominent and economically damaging oomycete pathogen in South Georgia. P. capsici causes crown, root, leaf, stem, and fruit infections on a wide range of vegetable crops. Oomycete pathogens such as P. capsici are dispersed in water as their zoospores are flagellated and can move through runoff. Irrigation ponds are often reservoirs for different pathogens and reusing the captured runoff is increasing in popularity to decrease irrigation costs. This combination allows for unintended outbreaks of diseases by pumping the contaminated runoff onto susceptible crops. Detection and identification of these pathogens is a crucial step in disease management and rapid detection can ensure timely application of disease control measures. In this study, 42 irrigation ponds in nine counties from South Georgia were surveyed for the presence of P. capsici using a novel filtration method in conjunction with a LAMP assay specific for P. capsici. Ten ponds in five counties were found to have P. capsici as detected from the assay, suggesting that testing of irrigation ponds for P. capsici and other pathogens should be conducted to assist in preventing disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Weed Flora in Organic Common Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar-Jokanović ◽  
Branka Ljevnaić-Mašić ◽  
Dejana Džigurski ◽  
Anamarija Koren ◽  
Larisa Merkulov-Popadić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Malva Sylvestris ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Novi Sad

Summary The aim of this study was to examine weed flora occurring in an organic common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), a newly established crop at the experimental field Bački Petrovac, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, during the growing season of 2014. The weed flora consisted of six species, with even a half being invasive for Vojvodina region (Sorghum halepense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium). The observed low floristic diversity may be related to unbalanced ecological conditions in a newly established crop, invasive species, comparatively low fertilization, allelopathic relations, and possibly robust habitus of the main crop. However, although the flora was low in diversity, both narrow and broadleaf species were represented, with the average infestation as high as 16 individuals per m2. In addition, since the recorded weeds flower from Mart to November, until the development of more efficient methods that are in compliance with the principles of organic agriculture, mechanical weeding should be performed at least three times during the growing season. To our knowledge, this is the first such report on organic common mallow in agro ecological conditions of Serbian province Vojvodina and represents the first step in establishing the adequate weed control measures.

scholarly journals Constraints in Production, Marketing and Processing of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) in Nuh District of Haryana

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Technical Manpower ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the important commercial vegetable crops grown in India. The present study was conducted in Nuh district of Haryana on the basis of highest production of onion among other districts of the state. The block named Tauru was selected for sampling and a total of thirty onion farmers from various villages in this block were selected randomly. The primary data for the agriculture year 2017-18 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of specially designed schedule. The results of the study revealed that the major problems faced by the onion farmers in production were observed high cost of pesticide (93.33%), lack of knowledge about recommended fertilizer doses (86.67%), high cost of fertilizer (83.33%), lack of knowledge about the control measures for various pests and diseases (83.33%), difficulty in identifying the pests and diseases (80.00%) and lack of knowledge about seed/seedling treatment (76.67%). As for as marketing of onion is concerned, 83.33 per cent of respondents opined that high cost of transportation, absence of minimum support prices (83.33%), existence of large number of intermediaries in marketing process (83.33%) and too much fluctuation in prices (80.00%). The problems related to processing expressed by onion growers 80.00 per cent of the respondents reported the problem of technical manpower, higher charges of power and fuels (73.33%), fluctuation in raw material and procurement (73.33%) and lack of good quality packaging material (66.67%).

scholarly journals Can Winged Aphid Abundance Be a Predictor of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus Epidemics in Melon Crop?

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoeny ◽  
Loup Rimbaud ◽  
Patrick Gognalons ◽  
Grégory Girardot ◽  
Pauline Millot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Winged Aphid

Aphid-borne viruses are frequent yield-limiting pathogens in open field vegetable crops. In the absence of curative methods, virus control relies exclusively on measures limiting virus introduction and spread. The efficiency of control measures may greatly benefit from an accurate knowledge of epidemic drivers, in particular those linked with aphid vectors. Field experiments were conducted in southeastern France between 2010 and 2019 to investigate the relationship between the epidemics of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and aphid vector abundance. Winged aphids visiting melon crops were sampled daily to assess the abundance of CABYV vectors (Aphis gossypii, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae) and CABYV was monitored weekly by DAS-ELISA. Epidemic temporal progress curves were successfully described by logistic models. A systematic search for correlations was undertaken between virus variables including parameters µ (inflection point of the logistic curve) and γ (maximum incidence) and aphid variables computed by aggregating abundances on periods relative either to the planting date, or to the epidemic peak. The abundance of A. gossypii during the first two weeks after planting was found to be a good predictor of CABYV dynamics, suggesting that an early control of this aphid species could mitigate the onset and progress of CABYV epidemics in melon crops.

scholarly journals ​Isolation and Identification of Different Fungal Species from Major Kharif Vegetables of Sindh Province, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pahnwar ◽  
M.I. Khaskheli ◽  
A.J. Khaskheli ◽  
K.H. Wagan ◽  
G.M. Thebho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Chilli Fruit

Background: Altenaria species are posing major threat to vegetable crops nowadays, thus it is of utmost importance to identify its different species, so that potential control measures may be explored. Methods: The isolation and identification of different fungi was conducted from major Kharif vegetables, tomato, chilli and eggplant. Samples showing typical symptoms of fruit rot and leaf spot were collected from fields and then pathogens were isolated and identified at laboratory using standard procedures. Result: The total of 07 fungal species, Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Pencillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from tomato fruit rot. Similarly, 07 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. flavus, A. niger, Colletotrichum capisi, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from chilli fruit rot and 06 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. flavus, A. niger, F. solani, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from eggplant leaf spots were isolated. Significantly highest infection frequency was recorded for A. solani (48.83%) and A. tenuissima (44%) from tomato and chilli fruit rot, respectively. From eggplant leaf spot it was significantly highest for A. alternata (34.5%). Study concludes that 03 species, A. solani, A. tenuissima and A. alternata, dominantly damaged tomato, chilli fruits and eggplant leaves.

scholarly journals Root-Knot Nematodes a Major Peril to Protected Cultivation System in India: Current Status and its Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydeep A. Patil ◽  
Saroj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Plant Root System

Growing of vegetable crops under protected conditions are relatively, an innovative technology and most popular among farmers throughout the country. In last few decades protected cultivation has shown potential enhancement in horticultural production. The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an emerging nematode under protected conditions. This nematode can cause chlorosis, stunting and reduce yields associated with the induction of many root galls on host plants. Root-knot nematode severely affect the plant root system by inducing specialized feeding cells i.e., giant cells in the vascular tissues. Recently, this nematode has been considered as a worldwide menace for combat root-knot nematodes, integrated nematode management strategies such as soil solarization, biological control, organic amendment, crop rotation, field sanitation, and fumigants have been developed and successfully used in the past. Here, in this book chapter discussed on biology and life cycle, control measures and proposed future strategies to improve Megalaima incognita management under protected conditions.

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