scholarly journals “Public catering in service to the industrial financial plan of the “Apatit” trust”: from the history of the establishment and development of a new branch of the socialist economy in 1930–1935

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 140-156
Author(s):  
Olga V. Shabalina ◽  
◽  
Ksenia K. Kazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Catering

The article retrospectively highlights the main stages of the establishment and development of public catering as a subsystem of food distribution in the area of apatite mining of the Apatit trust in 1930–1935 in the context of the socio-economic modernization processes of the first five-year plans, which led to the rapid urbanization of the population in the new industrial regions of the USSR. Despite the presence of a wide range of foreign and domestic studies of the history of Russian society during the period of its transition from the traditional agrarian to the industrial type of development, including everyday life and the organization of supply of the urban population, which are based on the methodology of social and economic history, anthropology, the scientific literature lacks information on the history of providing food on the regional level to the urbanized population of the new industrial centers of the USSR, in particular through public catering enterprises. This indicates the relevance of studying the history of the formation of a new branch of the Soviet economy in the Khibiny. Within the framework of the humanitarian and systemic approaches, the methodology of the case study is based on general scientific methods of scientific cognition, archival, source study, problem-chronological, comparative, historical-genetic (retrospective) methods. The empirical material for the study was archival documents from the end of 1929–1935 deposited in the collections of the Kirovsk branch of the State Archive of the Murmansk Region and in the Main Collection of the Museum-Archive of the History of Study and Development of the European North of the BCH of the KSC of the RAS, including published prescriptive documents of state power and political administrating authorities in the USSR in 1930–1935, materials of the periodical press of Khibinogorsk (since December 1934 — Kirovsk) in 1930–1935.

Islam and Economic Development: The Case of Non-Muslim Minorities in the Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Muslim Minorities

This chapter investigates a long-standing puzzle in the economic history of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: why do MENA’s native non-Muslim minorities have better socioeconomic (SES) outcomes than the Muslim majority, both historically and today? Focusing on the case of Coptic Christians in Egypt, the largest non-Muslim minority in absolute number in the region, and employing a wide range of novel archival data sources, the chapter argues that Copts’ superior SES can be explained neither by Islam’s negative impact on Muslims’ SES (where Islam is defined as a set of beliefs or institutions) nor by colonization’s preferential treatment of Copts. Instead, the chapter traces the phenomenon to self-selection on SES during Egypt’s historical conversion from Coptic Christianity to Islam in the aftermath of the Arab Conquest of the then-Coptic Egypt in 641 CE. The argument is that the regressivity-in-income of the poll tax on non-Muslims (initially all Egyptians) that was imposed continuously from 641 to 1856 led to the shrinkage of (non-convert) Copts into a better-off minority. The Coptic-Muslim SES gap then persisted due to group restrictions on access to white-collar and artisanal skills. The chapter opens new areas of research on non-Muslim minorities in the MENA region and beyond.

The Colonial Economy of New Spain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Baskes
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Economic History ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Economy

For three centuries New Spain was one of the great jewels of Spain’s colonial empire, producing wealth for immigrants and the Crown. The brunt of the labor was performed by indigenous Mexicans, often under duress, but natives also succeeded in seizing opportunities to promote their interests. It is tempting to portray the economic history of Mexico as a simple story of domination of colonial subjects by their European rulers, and indeed historians have often resorted to this straightforward rendition. This article, while certainly presenting the conventional wisdom, presents a more complex story, highlighting debates among historians on a wide range of issues, from the experiences of indigenous people to the profitability of colonialism. What follows is a general presentation of New Spain’s economy.

Cultural Exchange

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shatzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
Artistic Values

Demonstrating that similarities between Jewish and Christian art in the Middle Ages were more than coincidental, this book combines a wide range of sources to show how Jews and Christians exchanged artistic and material culture. The book focuses on communities in northern Europe, Iberia, and other Mediterranean societies where Jews and Christians coexisted for centuries, and it synthesizes the most current research to describe the daily encounters that enabled both societies to appreciate common artistic values. Detailing the transmission of cultural sensibilities in the medieval money market and the world of Jewish money lenders, the book examines objects pawned by peasants and humble citizens, sacred relics exchanged by the clergy as security for loans, and aesthetic goods given up by the Christian well-to-do who required financial assistance. The work also explores frescoes and decorations likely painted by non-Jews in medieval and early modern Jewish homes located in Germanic lands, and the ways in which Jews hired Christian artists and craftsmen to decorate Hebrew prayer books and create liturgical objects. Conversely, Christians frequently hired Jewish craftsmen to produce liturgical objects used in Christian churches. With rich archival documentation, the book sheds light on the social and economic history of the creation of Jewish and Christian art, and expands the general understanding of cultural exchange in brand-new ways.

scholarly journals Agony and the Collapse of Semenov

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-258
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

The journal Russian-Chinese Studies (iss. 3–4(3), 2018) published an extensive article by V.I. Mertsalov Political “Face” of Chieftain Semenov (the History of the Civil War in the Far East). The author having analyzed a wide range of literature traced the evolution of political views of the chieftain and made a number of fundamental conclusions. According to the author, with all the diversity of views and actions of Semenov, they were consistently anti-Soviet and anti-communistic which is clearly reflected in the thesis formulated by the ataman: “…Where there is bolshevism, there is no Russia”. We can’t but agree with this author's argument. And yet, with all the variety of scientific publications on this issue, it is useful to continue the historical research, fully revealing all the criminal activities of the chieftain. Especially in recent years when among the representatives of the TRANS-Baikal “white” Cossacks and some local historians propaganda has intensified to reconsider the verdict of the USSR Military Board of the Supreme Court to chieftain Semenov and his subsequent rehabilitation. The reason for this is the “newly discovered circumstances” — declassified documents that allegedly indicate that “the charges against the chieftain are absurd, and the investigation and trial against him were conducted in violation of the law”. Therefore, “reviewing the Semenov case would play a positive role in reconciling Russian society”. Proponents of rehabilitation deliberately hide that during his life the chieftain got the infamous nickname “bloody” for what he did to the country. What kind of “reconciliation” — whom and with whom — can we talk about? In this regard, the author of this article offers his own vision of the chieftain case referring to his previous published research in scientific journals and the media.

scholarly journals INFORMATION CAPABILITIES OF THE STATISTICAL DOCUMENTS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE FORMER TERRITORIES BELGOROD DEFENSE LINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The study of the frontier zone spaces is an urgent issue in modern Russian and foreign historiography. In the historical realities of the XVI-XVII centuries, the zone of the Russian frontier was located to the south of Moscow and stretched over a huge area of the forest-steppe zone, starting from the headwaters of the Don and going deep into the Steppe. Since the second half of the XVII century, thanks to the creation of the Belgorod defense line, rapid development of the territory of the line itself and adjacent territories began. But the real socio-economic ef fect of the construction of this line of defensive fortifications arose much later, by the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In our article, the main emphasis is placed on the information capabilities of statistical sources of the first half of the XIX century on the socio-economic history of the Belgorod region. The territory of the Yelets county of the Oryol province, which was a historical part of the defense line, was taken as the object of the study. The study of socio-economic processes at the local level in a broad chronological framework is a promising direction in modern historical science. Shifting research emphasis from fixing the actual state of processes at a certain time in favor of studying their historical evolution over a long chronological period can help a scientist to take a fresh look at both little-studied and well-known facts. The research methodology consists of the use of both traditional methods and modern source-based methods. Our article describes the main markers with the help of which a comprehensive assessment of socio-economic changes in the studied territory will be carried out over a long chronological period. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that statistical sources of the first half of the XIX century have a wide range of information opportunities for the history of socioeconomic processes that took place on the territory of the county. The obtained information is well combined with the information from mass sources of the XVII-XVIII centuries, without violating the basic methodological principles, but only expanding the possibilities of applying this approach to other territories located near or bordering the Belgorod line.

Neo-Mercantilism and The Wealth of Nations: British Commercial Policy after the American Revolution

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Parliamentary Debate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

Few works of economic thought have such a close association with the intellectual and economic history of their period as Adam Smith's An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Three recent careful assessments of the ‘influence’ of Smith's work, however, have found little direct evidence for its positive significance for economic policy in the 1780s and 1790s. Parliamentary debate seldom referred to the Wealth of nations, and then usually negatively unless by Smith's friends, or ‘radicals and Foxite whigs’. John Locke, David Hume, Charles Davenant, Sir Josiah Child, William Petty, Josiah Tucker and Arthur Young were all cited more frequently. A wide range of parliamentary leaders read Smith carefully, and several ministers knew him well and sought his advice, but with the exception of Shelburne they appear to have applied Smith's thought eclectically. Salim Rashid has noted that in 1776 there were already influential economic authorities, notably Arthur Young and Josiah Tucker, who advocated freer markets. Conversely, for over a decade after the publication of the Wealth of nations, articles on economic matters in the major periodical reviews made scanty reference to Smith's work, while the protectionist views of Sir James Steuart, whom Smith had ignored, were often authoritative. Smith's views became respectable among the political after negotiation of the Anglo-French commercial treaty of 1786, but it was this liberal economic policy which gave the wealth of nations currency, not the reverse.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN SPACE: FROM INDUSTRIAL PAST TO CULTURAL AND TOURISM CENTRE (THE CASE OF LODZ)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Анна АЛЕКСАНДРОВА ◽  
Anna ALEKSANDROVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
History Of

The article discusses the course of tourism space penetration in old single-industry towns. Common patterns and special features of this process are revealed, Lodz, Poland taken as an example. The study examines economic history of the city for the period of XIX – early XX centuries’ industrial boom when key branches of the city’s economy were formed. This knowledge was later used as a basis for Lodz tourism mega-product concept. Deep crisis of the late XX century led to the urban space transformation through the tertiary sector growth and the improvement of the city’s tourism attractiveness. Arrangement of tourism space penetration in Lodz is viewed through the prism of old industrial sites revival, development of new demanded tourism products, effective event management and marketing campaign on promoting Lodz as cultural and tourism centre. The action plan for revitalization of old single-industry towns is presented. The article looks into a large amount of official statistical information of Lodz region together with the wide range of works by Polish authors as well as Internet sites of Polish National Tourism Administration. The methods of field studies (based on the author’s multiple visits to Lodz for scientific purposes) and expert in-depth interviews are the most important in broad spectrum of general scientific and special research methods. The author would like to express her gratitude to the Polish scientists, Stanislaw Liszewski and Bogdan Wlodarczyk in particular, for their support in writing this article.

scholarly journals Herzegovina in the “Turkish Empire”. The Russian Consul A. N. Kudryavtsev about the life of the region in the 1860s

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-75
Author(s):  
Ksenia V. Melchakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed List ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The present article dwells upon an unpublished essay about the Ottoman province of Herzegovina in the 19th century. The author of this text is a Russian consul in Mostar Alexei N. Kudryavtsev. The essay was written in 1867 and probably should have been included into the book “The Turkish Empire”. There are several evidences about the existence of this book, however it has not been found yet. Kudryavtsev’s essay embraces a wide range of problems of Herzegovina in the 19th century. It deals with the geography, ethnography and statistics, history of the region, as well as provides a general overview of trade, industry and communication routes in Herzegovina in 1866. The text is stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and is being published for the first time. Kudryavtsev’s essay tells us about the situation in Herzegovina and its problems. The consul gives a brief description of each area of Herzegovina. The description of trade relations is particularly important. The Consul provides a detailed list of imported and exported goods with an indication of their value. The article might be of interest to researchers focusing on the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the activities of the Russian Foreign Ministry, and on the economic history and ethnography of the Balkan peoples.

Archiwalia Państwowego Banku Rolnego jako źródło do badań nad historią gospodarczą polskiej wsi i rolnictwa w I poł. XX w.

Archeion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 271-305
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kłusek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Farming Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

Archival materials of the Polish Agricultural Bank as a source for research on the economic history of the Polish countryside and agriculture in the first half of the 20th c. The body of work of historians regarding the Polish countryside and agriculture in the first half of the 20th century is relatively extensive. The majority of studies on farming primarily address the post-war period, discuss the interwar period to a lesser degree, with barely touching upon the Nazi occupation. The situation is similar when it comes to publications regarding particular areas of agriculture and the means of production. Unfortunately, what those publications have in common is that none of them uses materials connected to agricultural banking. The objective of the article is to encourage those who study or intend to study the economic history of the Polish countryside and agriculture of the first half of the 20th century to research the records of the State Agricultural Bank (1919–1949) kept by the National Archives. Analysis of the publications related to the State Agricultural Bank (hereinafter the PBR) and the archive materials connected with its activity, kept by the National Archives, suggests that: 1. The BPR had a key role in implementing the farming policy of the national authorities and was crucial to the development of agriculture and the countryside; 2. the legacy of the PBR in the National Archives is remarkably vast (tens of thousands of archive units) and covers a wide range of issues, from banking through the development of farming to the situation in the countryside in the first half of the 20th century; 3. the vast credit records of the PBR kept by the National Archives offer a wide range of possibilities for the researchers focused on the economic history of the Polish countryside and agriculture, as they provide a plethora of interesting information on the situation of agriculture and farmers between 1919 and 1949.

National kitchen as a component of the gastronomic culture of the ethnos: Essence and methods of research

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Serhii Krasovskyi
Keyword(s):  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
Original Concept

The purpose of the article is to propose methods for researching national cuisine as a gastronomic ethnic coder. Methodology. In the proposed article, the national cuisine is considered through the prism of the analytical method, which makes it possible to use the authentic method of studying and identifying the multifaceted forms of its representation. The scientific novelty of the study is to consider the national cuisine as a gastronomic code of the ethnic group, that is, an ordered image of food consumption due to the habitat, cultural and historical development and religious component. The article also first proposed as a methodological basis for the study of national cuisine phenomenological, structural methods and the interpretation method, the cumulative use of which will contribute to building the original concept of studying a wide range of national cuisine issues. Conclusions. In the conclusions, it is noted that the expansion of modern gastronomic practices of people, an increase in public catering enterprises, the popularity of gastronomic tourism, the desire to join the exotic with tastes determine the expansion of research interest in the field of gastronomic culture and its component - national cuisine. Attention is drawn to problems that require learning, including the detection of the gastronomic code of the ethnos, the disclosure of the national cuisine, and also suggest the opportunity to interpret the history and culture of the people through the prism of food. The most appropriate methods of studying the gastronomic code are proposed: the phenomenological, structural and interpretation method, the use of which in the aggregate will contribute to the identification of an ordered image of the universe of the ethnos, disclosure through the practice of the unknown pages of the history of culture, interpretation of the connection of dishes with weight lifestyle and the characteristics of culture, with the help of recipes to identify features of nutrition, priority dishes and their ingredients, cooking technology.

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