scholarly journals Criteria models for security management of intersystem interactions of critical infrastructures in urbanized territories.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8-2020) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
V.P. Avdotin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kononov ◽  
A.K. Polikarpov ◽  
K.V. Chernysh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Special Apparatus ◽  
Urbanized Areas

The paper considers the features of using criteria models in security management of intersystem interactions of critical infrastructures. Criteria-based modeling and evaluation of criteria-based risks prevent cognitive distortions, biases and errors in the assessment of the state of security and the presence of possible vulnerabilities in critical infrastructures of urbanized areas. Within the framework of the presented approach, the combined use of apparatus of the set theory and the developed special apparatus of criteria-based modeling is proposed. Examples of solving practical problems of security control with the use of constantly developing and improving, in 102the course of research, software systems for automating the application of criteria modeling for security management in urban areas are given.

scholarly journals A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Yeon-Moon Choo ◽  
Sang-Bo Sim ◽  
Yeon-Woong Choe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Urbanized Areas

The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.

Identifying core control items of information security management and improvement strategies by applying fuzzy DEMATEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hsing Ho ◽  
Ming-Tsai Hsu ◽  
Tieh-Min Yen
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Fuzzy Dematel ◽  
Information Security Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Information Security Management System ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Improvement Strategies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cause-and-effect relationship and the mutually influential level among information security control items, as well as to provide organizations with a method for analyzing and making systematic decisions for improvement. Design/methodology/approach – This study utilized the Fuzzy DEMATEL to analyze cause-and-effect relationships and mutual influence of the 11 control items of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001 Information Security Management System (ISMS), which are discussed by seven experts in Taiwan to identify the core control items for developing the improvement strategies. Findings – The study has found that the three core control items of the ISMS are security policy (SC1), access control (SC7) and human resource security (SC4). This study provides organizations with a direction to develop improvement strategies and effectively manage the ISMS of the organization. Originality/value – The value of this study is for an organization to effectively dedicate resources to core control items, such that other control items are driven toward positive change by analyzing the cause-and-effect relation and the mutual influential level among information security control items, through a cause-and-effect matrix and a systematic diagram.

EFFECTS OF SLUM UPGRADING ON SECURITY MANAGMENT IN SOWETO SLUMS, ROYSAMBU SUB-COUNTY IN NAIROBI, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-530
Author(s):  
Evans Metobo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Slum Upgrading

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis to explore the effects of slum upgrading on security management in Soweto slums, Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives to establish social effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; to examine the economic effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; and to establish the challenges of security management in the slum upgrading programme for Kahawa Soweto Slums. The study adopted a descriptive research design and random sampling to select 318 respondents (main respondents) and 10 Key informants (K.I). Questionnaire was the main method of data collection while interview was used to collect data from K.I. Data collected was organized, and systematically interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages. This study established the relationship between slum setting and rise of crime and insecurity in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya with 69.2% of respondents agreeing to this count. According to this study, poor roads, high poverty levels, low education levels, poor spatial designs/environmental design of slum area and housing, absence of police station and poor lighting predisposed the slum dwellers to crime and insecurity. According to this study slum upgrade will reduce crime and insecurity, given that special aspects such as improvement in spatial designs/environmental design of urban areas and housing with enhanced modern lighting will significantly reduce crime in slums by eliminating criminogenic and insecurity risk factors. Additionally, improved economic effects of slum upgrading on slum dwellers would build resilience to crime and insecurity. This includes; Job creation, provision of educational facilities such as vocational training institutes (polytechnics), basic education institutions (primary and secondary schools) as well as other skills enhancement institutions. Community empowerment aimed at income generating activities, construction of police station to provide security to the slum dwellers (77%), and construction of better roads (55.3%) were recommended to reduce crime and improved security management in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya.

scholarly journals Regional and local variations in atmospheric aerosols using ground-based sun photometry during Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON) in 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 14795-14803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Sano ◽  
Sonoyo Mukai ◽  
Makiko Nakata ◽  
Brent N. Holben
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Observation Networks

Abstract. Aerosol mass concentrations are affected by local emissions as well as long-range transboundary (LRT) aerosols. This work investigates regional and local variations of aerosols based on Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON). We constructed DRAGON-Japan and DRAGON-Osaka in spring of 2012. The former network covers almost all of Japan in order to obtain aerosol information in regional scale over Japanese islands. It was determined from the DRAGON-Japan campaign that the values of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) decrease from west to east during an aerosol episode. In fact, the highest AOT was recorded at Fukue Island at the western end of the network, and the value was much higher than that of urban areas. The latter network (DRAGON-Osaka) was set as a dense instrument network in the megalopolis of Osaka, with a population of 12 million, to better understand local aerosol dynamics in urban areas. AOT was further measured with a mobile sun photometer attached to a car. This transect information showed that aerosol concentrations rapidly changed in time and space together when most of the Osaka area was covered with moderate LRT aerosols. The combined use of the dense instrument network (DRAGON-Osaka) and high-frequency measurements provides the motion of aerosol advection, which coincides with the wind vector around the layer between 700 and 850 hPa as provided by the reanalysis data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).

scholarly journals Urbanization effects on the composition and structure of macrophytes communities in a lotic ecosystem of Pernambuco State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. C. C. Xavier ◽  
F. Scherner ◽  
D. C. Burgos ◽  
R. C. Barreto ◽  
S. M. B. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Macrophyte Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Lotic Ecosystem ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Abstract Population growth in urban areas changes freshwater ecosystems, and this can have consequences for macrophyte communities as can be seen in the municipalities that border the Capibaribe River, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study reports the effects of urbanization on the composition and structure of macrophyte communities in areas along that river. The following urbanized and non-urbanized sampling sites were chosen: Sites 1 and 2 (municipality of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe), Sites 3 and 4 (municipality of Toritama), and Sites 5 and 6 (metropolitan region of Recife). These sites were visited every two months from January to July 2013 to observe seasonal variation (wet and dry seasons). Thirty-one species were identified. Generally, the non-urbanized sites had a higher number of species. Multivariate analyses indicated significant overall differences between urbanized and non-urbanized areas (R = 0.044; p < 0.001) and between seasons (R = 0.018; p < 0.019). Owing to the large variation in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics between urbanized and non-urbanized areas, we found that urbanization significantly influenced the floristic composition and structure of macrophyte communities.

Understanding Posturo-Occlusal Interrelationships by Combining Digital Occlusal and Posture Diagnostic Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1175-1242
Author(s):  
Patrick Girouard, DMD MS
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Mapping Technology

The nature of the interrelationship between whole body posture and the quality of the dental occlusion has not yet to date been clearly documented within the dental or posture literature, as the findings of published studies within both fields have been scarce and inconclusive. The combined use of digital diagnostic occlusal and postural assessment technologies has not been widely employed in these research projects, which has mired both fields' ability to study, to understand, and to clearly ascertain how posture and dental occlusion affect each other physiologically. As such, the specific aims of this chapter are to outline how posture and dental occlusion interrelate through the stomatognathic system's afferent neural inputs into the central nervous system (CNS), which communicate important occlusal contact force distribution information, and equally as important, mandibular spatial positional information within the posture and balance regions of the brain. The concept that the dental occlusion is a capteur for posture (which in English means, a sensor of posture health), is further explored with the inclusion of three differing clinical posturo-occlusal cases, diagnosed and treated with the combined use of the T-Scan 9 computerized occlusal analysis technology, the MatScan/MobileMat foot pressure mapping technology, and the Footmat Research software version 7.10. These presented clinical cases illustrate that improved right-to-left occlusal contact force balance, and improved center of force location within the dental arches, improve a number of measurable sway parameters. Together, the implementation of the T-Scan and the MatScan exquisitely demonstrate to the clinician the significance of the physiologic interrelationship between body posture and the dental occlusion. The presented cases emphasize there exists a whole-body concept that depends upon a variety of differing systems, whereby changes in the dental occlusion produce a phenomenon of bio-functional neuro-reprogramming for the stomatognathic system and the whole body.

The CO2 Emissions of US Cities: Status, Dynamics, and Comparisons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Gurney ◽  
Jianming Liang ◽  
Geoffrey Roest ◽  
Yang Song
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Urban Population Growth ◽  
Us Cities

&lt;p&gt;Urban areas are rapidly growing and are acknowledged to dominate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the Earth&amp;#8217;s atmosphere. They are also emerging as centers of climate mitigation leadership and innovation. However, fundamental quantitative analysis of urban GHG emissions beyond individual city case studies remains challenging due to a lack of comprehensive, quantitative, methodologically consistent emissions data, raising barriers to both scientific and policy progress. Here we present the first such analysis across the entire US urban landscape, answering a series of fundamental questions about emissions responsibility, emissions drivers and emissions integrity. We find that urbanized areas in the U.S. account for 68.1% of total U.S. fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) emissions. Were they counted as a single country, the 5 largest urban emitters in the US would rank as the 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; largest country on the planet; the top 20 US cities as the 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; largest. In contrast to their dominant overall proportion, per capita FFCO2 emissions in urbanized areas of the US are 7% less than the country as a whole, particularly for onroad gasoline emissions (-12.3%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to previous findings, we find that emissions grow slower than urban population growth in Eastern US cities, particularly for larger urban centers. The Western US, by contrast, shows emissions growing proportionately with population. Much of the difference between Eastern versus Western cities is determined by the onroad emissions sector. This finding, in particular, suggests that &amp;#8220;bigger is better&amp;#8221; when considering GHG emissions and U.S. urban population growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally we find large and persistent differences between the results presented here and 57 self-reported urban inventories. The mean difference between the self-reported inventories and the analysis here is -24% (mean absolute difference: 44.3%) with the majority of self-reported values lower than quantified in this study.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals More Urbanization, Fewer Bats: The Importance of Forest Conservation in Honduras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfredo A. Turcios-Casco ◽  
Richard K. LaVal ◽  
Marcio Martínez ◽  
Hefer D. Ávila-Palma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Central City ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Urbanization is a phenomenon that results in fragmentation and eventual destruction of forests. Suburbanization is a subset of that same phenomenon in which fragmentation has resulted in the retention of small patches of the original forest and surviving old growth trees. Alternatively, the area surrounding the central city had been cleared for agricultural use and the suburban residents have planted many trees in parks and private property. This fragmentation will of course affect many species of bats, including species of the family Phyllostomidae. In this work, we estimate and compare the diversity of phyllostomid bats in three landscapes in Honduras: forests, suburban, and urban areas, from 2015 to 2018. Concurrently, we compared bat activity patterns based on the hour and percentage of moonlight at the time they were captured, and we compared external measurements, forearm and ear length. Urban areas are the least diverse and exhibited the lowest abundance. The forearm and ear length were significantly different only between forests and urban areas. The degree of lunar phobia also differed among those landscapes, but the time of capture did not differ. This is the first attempt to describe the activity patterns of phyllostomids in these studied areas and the effect of urbanization on Honduran bats. As expected, we found that from forests to cities, the diversity and abundance of phyllostomids decreased. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge of how totally or partially urbanized areas are affecting phyllostomid bats in Honduras.

scholarly journals Wahyudi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Information Security Management ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
Lawful Interception ◽  
Iso 27001

Menanggapi isu penyadapan yang dilakukan oleh Australia terhadap jaringan Indosat, manajemen Indosat mengatakan telah memiliki audit atas sistem keamanan jaringannya. Sistem tersebut sudah berstandard internasional yakni ISO 27001 dan ISO31000."Kami mempunyai manajemen tata laksana kebijakan dan pengendalian operasional dalam bentuk penerapan sistem manajemen standard ISO 27001 (Information Security Management) dan ISO 31000 (Risk Management) yang juga menyangkut audit keamanan sistem jaringan. Indosat juga mematuhi ketentuan lawful interception sesuai ketetuan dan Indosat menyatakan dengan tegas tidak memiliki kerjasama dengan pihak asing yang bertujuan untuk melakukan penyadapan," ujar President Director &amp; CEO Indosat Alexander Rusli dalam keterangannya di Jakarta.Lebih lanjut dijelaskan, sistem adalah jaringan publik yang menggunakan standar seperti yang ditentukan oleh pemerintah. Dan satu-satunya tindakan penyadapan yang diizinkan adalah yang dilakukan oleh lembaga resmi negara berdasarkan aturan hukum yang berlaku. Bagaimana tanggapan anda mengenai artikel ini?Sesuai dengan UU No 36 Tahun 1999 tentang Telekomunikasi, Indosat hanya menyediakan fasilitas penyadapan kepada Aparat Penegak Hukum. Tidak hanya itu, seluruh perangkat Indosat telah memiliki sertifikat dari Kementerian Kominfo sesuai PM No. 29 Tahun 2008 tentang Sertifikasi Alat dan Perangkat Telekomunikasi dan sebagaimana telah disebutkan di atas bahwa keamanan jaringan Indosat sudah berstandar internasional sesuai ISO 27001.Bahkan, Indosat memiliki standard audit yang meliputi penerapan security control, business process, kepatuhan terhadap kebijakan serta pengujian teknis terhadap kerentanan jaringan, sehingga keamanan jaringan tetap terpelihara. Dalam hal ini, Indosat secara tegas menyatakan bahwa tidak ada kerjasama penyadapan dengan pihak luar terutama dengan pihak asing karena jelas hal tersebut melanggar Undang-undang yang berlaku serta merugikan kepentingan negara dan bangsa Indonesia sendiri.

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