scholarly journals The Phonosemantics of the Sibilant Sounds of the Arabic and English Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asst Prof Nafila Sabri Qudissya
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Words ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Arabic

Understanding the general meaning of phonemes and their combinations helps to guess the meaning of unknown words intuitively. The aim of this paper is to examine a group of Arabic as well as English phoneme combinations as examples to prove they have some specific common meaning, a so-called DNA that can be traced in all given words. Thus, a group of selected words were chosen from the Holy Qur'an whose language represents the Classical Arabic variety. It has been assumed that the relationship between phonemes and what they signify is non-arbitrary. It is determined that certain consonant combinations retain their meanings. Thus, upon closer examination, words that are not similar to one another but which have identical consonant phonemes combinations bear an element of meaning which is absent in words not containing such combinations.

scholarly journals The Quest for Algerian Linguistic Independence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Bessaid
Keyword(s):  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
National Constitution ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Arabic

The paper focuses on the eternal conflict between the existing languages in Algeria as a whole, starting from Berber language varieties through Tamazight to Arabic, then French, and the struggling issue in the Algerian linguistic network. It also examines the existing relationship between the patterns of Arabic language in Algeria, since it was considered as a foreign language until 1947, chiefly through, highlighting the relationship between Classical Arabic among Algerian society, and the language policy (Arabization) pursued since wrenching independence and the linguistic repercussions of the colonization period on Algerian Arabic. In this respect, among other findings, a foremost issue raised to highlight such a critical phenomenon; and that later leads to question the different realities between the Algerian National Constitution and daily practices among users. In other words, the new generation speakers face a natural barrier communicating with post-independence schooled generation. In this sense, the former represents the 'Arabization' policy pursued in Algeria; whereas, the latter is 'francophone,' considering the linguistic as well as the sociolinguistic repercussions that might outcome such contact in a country famed by the use of French among its diplomats as a language of instruction and discourse, whether as a formal discourse or informal speech. The research methodology is based on early retrospect works to denote such cross- conflicting status raised as a significant issue. Finally, the study recommended a siné- qua- non question which is, when will Algerians put an end to the different linguistic situations inherited after gaining their political independence in 1962?

scholarly journals The Relationship between Morphological Awareness and Vocabulary Knowledge of Thai EFL Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Sarunya Tarat
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on the relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge of English among Thai EFL university students. All participants are taking English language as their major field in the universities situated at the lower northern region of Thailand. The morphological awareness identification test was employed to identify the linkage between morphological awareness and vocabulary gain Thai EFL learners. The test was divided into 2 parts: self-checking and morpheme identification. Fifty English vocabularies in intermediate and upper-intermediate level were used in the test in which the participants were requested to check whether they have seen the vocabularies in the test and also asked to break those vocabularies into morphemic units. The results showed that the participants possessed an adequate level of morphological awareness to break words into morphemes correctly even though they were unknown words of the participants. Additionally, the findings also revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female in acquiring morphological awareness of English and gaining English vocabularies.

scholarly journals Cognitive Stylistic Conceptualization of Legal Translation

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (33) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Hasan Said Ghazala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Approaches ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Among the newly developed ideas in the relationship of translation to style is the strong link between translation and cognitive stylistics. The result of this link is the introduction of cognitive conceptualization to translation as one way of comprehending and rendering meaning of the SL into the TL. On the other hand, it can help solve some problems of legal translation based on cognitive cultural conceptualization of legal terms and expressions. This paper is an attempt to introduce new clues for sorting out a number of legal terminology in the light of latest cognitive approaches to the conceptualization of style which can be applied to legal language in the translation between the two languages, Arabic and English. This is achieved through introducing cognitive stylistic approaches to the conceptualization of the style of legal language in translation and how untrodden ways of legal meanings and implications can be traced and unearthed in the process. The paper ends up with some conclusions about suggesting way-out solutions to several problems of legal translation between the two languages concerned, to be put in use later by legal translators.

Ibn Ṭufayl’s (d. 1185)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneli Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Arabic Philosophy ◽  
Great Chain Of Being ◽  
Ibn Tufayl ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Brain

Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān is one of the most abidingly popular works in all of Arabic literature. At once inviting and expansive, accessible and surprisingly deep, the book offers an excellent introduction to the themes of classical Arabic philosophy. What often goes unnoticed is how deliberately Ibn Ṭufayl spins his story of Ḥayy, the self-taught philosopher who grows up alone on an equatorial island. Ḥayy in fact takes the reader on a tour of the Arabic Aristotelian curriculum, with ethical and political themes following upon a comprehensive exploration of the great chain of being. Ḥayy furthermore contributes to numerous sixth-/twelfth-century debates, ranging from the role that the heart and the brain play in the organism’s life, through the weighting of immanent and transcendent factors in the process of coming-to-be, to the relationship of philosophy to revealed religion.

Word Familiarity and Retention

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Loewenthal ◽  
Graham Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
Word Familiarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Retention

These experiments examine the relationship between subjects' familiarity judgements of words of similar (low) frequency and their recall or recognition of these words. The expected relationship between familiarity and recall was well confirmed, as was the less expected relationship between familiarity and recognition. An analysis of the vocabulary acquisition process led to more specific predictions about performance on delayed, as compared with immediate, retention tests. The most crucial of these predictions was that words which are familiar, but whose meanings are not known, are remembered by tagging sets of phonological (as opposed to semantic) features, leading to good immediate recall but poor delayed recall, and a greater likelihood of acoustic confusions following a delay. Some support was obtained for these predictions. However, subjects showed unexpectedly good retention of unknown words and it was felt that tagging alone does not account for all the findings.

scholarly journals Time frame as a determinant of accessibility of anaphoric demonstratives in Classical Arabic

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Samer Omar Jarbou
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Cognitive Accessibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Arabic

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants for choosing nominal anaphoric demonstratives in Classical Arabic (CA) by examining their usage in a corpus of CA texts. The study makes use of Ariel’s (1990; 2001) concept of ‘unity’ as a theoretical framework from which to study the relationship between an anaphoric demonstrative, its antecedent and their shared referent. This study builds on Jarbou and Migdady’s (2012) findings that ‘anaphoric distance’ (Ariel, 1990; 2001) has not been found to be a primary determinant of cognitive accessibility concerning the use of anaphoric demonstratives in CA. The results of this study show that the choice of proximal/distal anaphoric demonstratives in CA depends primarily on the ‘time frame’ of the referent. Anaphoric demonstratives are temporally anchored in the present time of interaction; if a referent existed within a past time frame or is expected to exist within a future time frame (in relation to the interlocutors’ present time), that referent has low accessibility because of non-sharedness of time frame; if a referent existed or is experienced within a present time frame, it has high accessibility due to sharedness of time frame. Temporal distance replaces physical distance as a determinant of accessibility. In the corpus, proximal anaphoric demonstratives have been used in contexts of high accessibility while distal anaphors have been used in those of low accessibility. Findings of this study contribute to the dynamic view of demonstratives that textual/physical distance is not the primary or sole determinant of accessibility concerning demonstratives.

scholarly journals Multilingual pronunciation by analogy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
TASANAWAN SOONKLANG ◽  
ROBERT I. DAMPER ◽  
YANNICK MARCHAND
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Asymptotic Performance ◽  
Dictionary Matching ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pronunciation By Analogy

AbstractAutomatic pronunciation of unknown words (i.e., those not in the system dictionary) is a difficult problem in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. Currently, many data-driven approaches have been applied to the problem, as a backup strategy for those cases where dictionary matching fails. The difficulty of the problem depends on the complexity of spelling-to-sound mappings according to the particular writing system of the language. Hence, the degree of success achieved varies widely across languages but also across dictionaries, even for the same language with the same method. Further, the sizes of the training and test sets are an important consideration in data-driven approaches. In this paper, we study the variation of letter-to-phoneme transcription accuracy across seven European languages with twelve different lexicons. We also study the relationship between the size of dictionary and the accuracy obtained. The largest dictionaries of each language have been partitioned into ten approximately equal-sized subsets and combined to give ten different-sized test sets. In view of its superior performance in previous work, the transcription method used is pronunciation by analogy (PbA). Best results are obtained for Spanish, generally believed to have a very regular (‘shallow’) orthography, and poorest results for English, a language whose irregular spelling system is legendary. For those languages for which multiple dictionaries were available (i.e., French and English), results were found to vary across dictionaries. For the relationship between dictionary size and transcription accuracy, we find that as dictionary size grows, so performance grows monotonically. However, the performance gain decelerates (tends to saturate) as the dictionary increases in size; the relation can simply be described by a logarithmic regression, one parameter of which (α) can be taken as quantifying the depth of orthography of a language. We find that α for a language is significantly correlated with transcription performance on a small dictionary (approximately 10,000 words) for that language, but less so for asymptotic performance. This may be because our measure of asymptotic performance is unreliable, being extrapolated from the fitted logarithmic regression.

scholarly journals The relation between the bases of law-making and legal awareness as a factor of social and legal relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Leonid Karnaushenko
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Law Making

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between the value and purpose aspects of law-making on the one hand and the foundations of legal awareness on the other. The article analyzes the main factors influencing the process of formation of legal norms. The general meaning of law in society and its functional meaning are analysed. Factors of interaction between law and society at different levels of social organization are assessed. The main forms of attitude to legal norms are considered. A mechanism for assessing the law at the level of an individual world view is disclosed. The importance of the relationship between the bases of law-making and the bases of assessment of the field of law is investigated. The question was raised as to how they could be brought into line with each other. The presented text of the article comprehends the correlation of the axiological and teleological foundations of lawmaking on the one hand and the sphere of legal awareness on the other. It is taken into account that legal consciousness is dialectically determined as well as determined by lawmaking. In fact, the creation of legal norms as elements of cash reality does not occur due to the action of ideal actors excluded from a certain legal paradigm. On the contrary, existing patterns of legal awareness determine the legal reality of the future (both at the level of positing and negation). The indicated relationship also has a phenomenological side of refraction, namely. The real legal regularity and the same regularity in the representation and perception of consciousness do not always coincide. This is due to various aspects: from pragmatic and functional to ethical, psychological and mental. This article is an attempt to uncover the philosophical, legal and social meaning of the relationships described above.

Hybrid models for sense guessing of Chinese unknown words

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Hybrid Models ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Unknown Word ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
The Relationship

This paper addresses the problem of classifying Chinese unknown words into fine-grained semantic categories defined in a Chinese thesaurus, Cilin (Mei et al. 1984). We present three novel knowledge-based models that capture the relationship between the semantic categories of an unknown word and those of its component characters in three different ways, and combine two of them with a corpus-based model that uses contextual information to classify unknown words. Experiments show that the combined knowledge-based model outperforms previous methods on the same task, but the use of contextual information does not further improve performance.

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