scholarly journals BAHASA MELAYU: ANTARA BARUS DAN MALAKA

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahril Sahril
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Linguistic Historiography

Topik mengenai asal-usul bahasa Melayu sudah diperbincangkan bahkan jauh sebelum NKRI ada. Umumnya, para ahli bersepakat bahwa bahasa Melayu di Nusantara ini berasal dari masa Kerajaan Sriwijaya (Melayu Kuno) dan Kesultanan Malaka untuk bahasa Melayu baru. Kajian ini berusaha membantah pandangan para ahli bahasa tersebut bahwa ada mata rantai yang terputus mengenai jejak awal bahasa Melayu baru, yaitu di Barus, kemudian berkembang di Kerajaan Haru dan Aceh, baru kemudian di Malaka. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori historiografi linguistik untuk melihat sejarah perkembangan bahasa. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu kualitatif mengacu pada pendekatan diakronis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jejak awal bahasa Melayu baru berdasarkan sejarah masuknya Islam ke Nusantara ialah dengan aksara Jawi yang bermula di Barus. Temuan ini membantah pendapat para ahli bahasa yang mengatakan bahwa bahasa Melayu baru bermula di Malaka. Fakta ini didukung oleh karya-karya Hamzah Fansuri pada abad XVI yang menulis karyanya menggunakan bahasa Melayu yang dominan dipengaruhi bahasa Arab dan Persia. Sementara itu, Raja Ali Haji menulis karya, sekitar abad XIX. Bahasa Melayu berkembang di Aceh. Setelah Aceh berhasil ditaklukkan Malaka, barulah bahasa Melayu turut berkembang di Malaka.Debate and discussion about the origin of the Malay language long before the Republic of Indonesia was discussed. Generally, the opinions of experts agree that the Malay language in the archipelago originated from the Kingdom of Srivijaya (Ancient Malay) and the Malacca Sultanate for the new Malay Language. This study tries to refute the views of the linguists, that there is a broken link regarding the initial traces of the new Malay language, namely in Barus, then developing in the Kingdom of Haru and Aceh, only later in Malacca. The theory used is the theory of linguistic historiography to see the history of language development. The method used is qualitative refers to the diachronic approach. The research findings show that based on the history of the entry of Islam into the archipelago, the initial traces of the new Malay language, namely the Jawi script originated in Barus, so that the opinions of linguists who say say originated in Malacca. This fact is supported by the works of Hamzah Fansuri in the XVI century who wrote his work using Malay which was predominantly influenced by Arabic and Persian languages. While Raja Ali Haji wrote the work, around the XIX century. Malay language developed in Aceh, only after Aceh was conquered by Malacca, the next development in Malacca.

Accumulation, wealth and belief in Asante history: I. To the close of the nineteenth century

Africa ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. McCaskie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
West African ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe present article is intended as the first of two contributions to the economic and social– but above all to the intellectual– history of the West African forest kingdom of Asante or Ashanti (now located in the Republic of Ghana). Both papers will attempt to pull together and to situate in a ‘mentalist’ framework a number of recent and confessedly disparate research findings concerning a cluster of concepts, ideas and beliefs that, merely for the sake of brevity at this point, I will assign simply to the embracing ‘neutral’ rubric of general transformations in the ideology (or ideologies) of wealth. The first article will be concerned with developments in Asante society up to the close of the nineteenth century (defined here interpretatively rather than in strictly chronological terms); its successor will concentrate on a highly detailed examination of a sequence of crucially telling events in the early colonial period, and upon selected developments thereafter in the twentieth century. The articles are designed and intended to be read sequentially; the first, it is hoped, will assist in making sense of the significantly denser context (and more detailed content) of the second.

scholarly journals Independent or Annexation: The Texas Issue in the British-American Relations (1836 - 1846)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Sang ◽  
Le Thanh Nam ◽  
Luu Trang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xix Century

This article presents the annexation of Texas in the relations between Great Britain and the United States from 1836 to 1846. The first part presents an overview of the territory, history of exploration and development of Texas from the early stages of history until the formation of the republic in 1836. The next section of the article refers to the interests of Great Britain and the United States in Texas. The final section provides the British-American diplomacy from 1836 to 1846 on the annexation of Texas. On the basis of the exploitation of correspondences, treaties and other material sources, the article contributes to clarifying the Anglo-American relations relating to the annexation of Texas and the expansion history of the United States during the first half of the XIX century.   Received: 3 June 2021 / Accepted: 19 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

scholarly journals The Migration Flows from the Italian Peninsula to Crimea (end of XVIII – beginning of XX centuries).

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Stefania Zini ◽  
Nikita V. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Xix Century

The article is dedicated to the history of the Italians of Crimea. The history of the group is still little studied and rich in myths and legends. Our complex historical-anthropological and genetic study of the community allowed us to dispel some myths, which are widespread among the members of the community and far beyond it, and to recreate the history, geography and causes of migrations that took place in the XIX century. The historical part of the research was mainly based on sources and documents found in the Russian and Italian archives. We used documents from the State Archive of the Saratov Region, the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the Russian State Military Archive of Moscow, the state archives of Genova, Napoli, Bari, Turin, and the Vatican Secret Archive. Extensive and equally useful information was found in newspapers and other periodicals of the XIX–XX centuries from Russian and Italian library collections. Family archives of descendants of Italian migrants also provided valuable information. The article presents some of the materials found in the course of the study. The article also deals with the problem of the size of the community, which is difficult to define both today and in the past.

scholarly journals Architects and construction of religious buildings in Bessarabia (Second half of the XIX century - 1917)

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Alla Chastina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Careful Study ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Church Art ◽  
Xix Century

Religious architecture in Bessarabia from the beginning of the XIX century to 1917 is the subject of special research, since many architects, who worked during this period designed the buildings of monasteries, Orthodox, Catholic and Lutheran churches, chapels, houses of worship and synagogues. The creativity of such architects as Luka Zaushkevich, Alexander Bernardazzi, Leopold Scheidewandt, Karl Gasquet, George Cupcea, Mikhail Serotsinsky, Vladimir Tiganco, Lavrentii Lozinsky and others was especially vivid. Their heritage in church art is very diverse and worthy of careful study. On the one hand, the study opens new unknown pages related to the history of architecture and the creative practice in Bessarabia during the specified period. On the other hand, the newly discovered archival materials on this topic will be allow to reveal and supplement the authorship of many religious buildings in Bessarabia. The article examines both published materials and archival documents, some designs of religious buildings built in Bessarabia, due to which new facets of the talents of architects become more obvious and are of interest both for the history of architecture and, in general, for the preservation of the rich cultural heritage of the Republic of Moldova

Odessa Inhabitants A. O. Skalkovsky and A. S. Borinevich: the leaders of domestic statistical science of the XIX century

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
O. I. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Science ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Statistical Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The contribution to the development of urban statistics, demography, history of famous Odessa scientists and public figures Apollon Skalkovsky (1808-1898) and Anton Borinevich (1855-1946) is analyzed in the article. A parallel was made between the activities of both scientists, as well as their influence on the development of branches of domestic science.

BRIDGE BUILDING AS A PROBLEM OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Minaeva ◽  
Sergey S. Gulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
European North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Bridge Building ◽  
Xix Century

Introduction. The organization of transport links and the bridge building in cities located on the banks of wide rivers has always been one of the most important tasks of the local administration. The study of the history of bridge building allows not only to trace the process of modernization of different regions of the country, but also to help in solving similar problems of our time. Nevertheless, the history of Russian bridge building is poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics and features of the organization of bridge building in big cities of the European North of Russia as a way to solve one of the problems of urban infrastructure in the early XX century. Materials and Methods. The sources for this study are the documents of the State archive of the Arkhangelsk region, published documents on the history of Vologda, articles in the local periodicals of the early XX century. The analysis of the studied problem used a systematic approach, the method of economic analysis, historical and historical-comparative methods. Results and Discussion. The building of permanent bridges was a need for the development of Arkhangelsk and Vologda. In Vologda the two wooden bridges were built in the middle of XIX century on city funds and in the future these bridges were repaired or rebuilt. The Arkhangelsk city authorities did not hurry to solve a problem of city infrastructure by own efforts and a long time they used the floating bridge. The lack of experience in the building of large bridges and the desire to save money led to the rapid destruction of the first permanent bridge in Arkhangelsk. Conclusion. The Development of trade and industry in cities of the European North of Russia, such as Arkhangelsk and Vologda, led to the expansion of their territory and the emergence over time, the so-called third parts of the cities. Despite the comparable size of the population of the districts located across the river, the process of connecting them with bridges to the rest of the city went at different rates, which depended on the attitude of the local administration to the problem of urban infrastructure.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

The Library of Tobolsk Theological Seminary (the second half of XVIII - the first half of XIX century): Description of the Library Holding

2013 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Valitov
Keyword(s):  
Theological Seminary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the history of creation and development of the Tobolsk Theological Seminary and Seminary Library in XVIII-XIX centuries. There were used various archival and literary references, allowing to define the place of seminary library in the history of the region.

THE UNITY OFTHEME AND IDEA IN FURQAT'S WORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Latofat Tajibayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Xix Century

This article discusses the importance of Furkat's work in the semantic renewal of classical literature. Furkat's work, which played a special role in the development of enlightenment literature, has a strong place in the history of culture in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. Critical thinking prevailed in the poet's lyrics, which glorified universal ideas. The expression of social consciousness in an objective and truthful way, the stabilization of realistic principles, begins with Furkat's poetry.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

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