scholarly journals PERCEIVING UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AS MORE IMPORTANT FOR MEN THAN FOR WOMEN: GENDER DIFFERENCES AND PREDICTORS OF THIS PERCEPTION IN MUSLIM SOCIETIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amali Aminnuddin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
University Education ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Being Religious

Education for women in Muslim societies had been discussed widely. However, it remains unclear if the perception of the importance of university education in Muslim societies and its predictors are different between men and women. Therefore, this research examined the following misogynistic perception among both genders: university education is more important for men than for women. This research aimed to determine gender differences and predictors of this perception. Sample populations were from Malaysia (N=820), Singapore (N=320), India (N=447), and Pakistan (N=1195). Mean difference test and binomial logistic regression analysis were conducted. The results revealed that more than half of the men agreed that they perceived university education as more important for men than for women. Over half of the women had the same perception. Some demographic variables were significant predictors of perceiving university education to be more important for men than for women, albeit inconsistent based on groups and countries. Some of the findings included being religious predicted less likelihood of misogynistic perception in countries such as Malaysia and Pakistan, but not in the others. Consistently, for both genders, perceptions concerning men’s superiority and women’s role being at home predicted the perception that university education was more important for men than for women. This suggests the intricate influence of the perception of ability and gender stereotype among Muslims when it concerns university education. Further studies are necessary to understand the rationale behind these predictors.

scholarly journals Gender difference in sickness absence: Do managers evaluate men and women differently with regard to the appropriateness of sickness absence?

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481989078
Author(s):  
Arne Mastekaasa ◽  
Harald Dale-Olsen ◽  
Tale Hellevik ◽  
Gøril K. Løset ◽  
Kjersti M. Østbakken
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Managerial Employees

Aims: Women have much higher rates of sickness absence than men, but the causes of the difference are not well understood. This study examines whether managers have more lenient attitudes towards women’s than towards men’s absence, as this might contribute to higher rates of sickness absence among women. Differences between managers and other employees are also assessed. Methods: Vignettes were used to measure attitudes towards the legitimacy of sickness absence. The vignettes consisted of brief case descriptions of individuals considering asking their physicians for sick leave, with information about the medical condition (mainly taken from the descriptions in ICPC-2), occupation and gender. Respondents judged how appropriate sickness absence was in each case. Quota sampling was used, and the effective sample size was 899 managers and 1396 other employees, with each respondent evaluating either four or six vignettes. Generalised ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: The gender of the vignette person had no effect on the managers’ evaluations of the appropriateness of sickness absence. Irrespective of the gender of the vignette person, however, managers were generally more restrictive than non-managers. Conclusions: Different attitudes on the part of managers towards sickness absence in men and women do not seem to contribute to gender differences in sickness absence, but managers are generally more restrictive compared to non-managerial employees.

scholarly journals Perceived Social Support and Psychological Well-Being: Testing the Unique Association and Gender Differences among Young Working Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Rani E
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of the current study was (i) to find out the association between Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) among young working adults and (ii) to study Gender differences in this relationship. 286 individuals volunteered to participate in the study within age range between 21 to 28 years. The sample consisted of 173 males and 113 females who were currently employed. PSS was measured using Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and PWB by Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being. The data was analysed using independent samples ‘t’ test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis and Regression analysis. The results indicated that PSS has a significant positive correlation with PWB indicating that the higher the level of PSS, the higher the level of PWB. Further, significant gender differences were found in PSS, with women reporting receiving more social support than men and women were also high in support from two of the three types of sources: family and friends. In addition, both men and women reported availability of higher social support from family as compared to what they can obtain from friends and significant other. No significant gender differences were found in PWB. Regression analysis indicated that PSS could significantly contribute to the prediction of PWB accounting for about twelve percent variance in it. Besides, PSS explained relatively higher variance in PWB among men as compared to women. Positive relations and self acceptance dimensions of PWB were better influenced by PSS in both men and women.

Predictors of Child Abuse Charges Within the Context of Domestic Violence Arrests

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (13) ◽  
pp. 1777-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Roark ◽  
Kelly E. Knight ◽  
Heather Olson ◽  
Heidi DeSandre
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Police Response ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Underdeveloped Area

This article investigates how different factors of a domestic violence incident impact the likelihood of a child abuse charge within the context of domestic violence arrests. Data from 5,148 domestic violence arrests were used to test whether domestic violence-, incident-, and child-based predictors increased the likelihood of a child abuse charge. Logistic regression models of gender-stratified samples were employed to test for gender differences among domestic violence arrestees. The results demonstrated predictors affected men’s odds of a child abuse charge when compared with women. For men and women, children witnessing the domestic violence incident had the largest impact on a child abuse charge. These results contribute to the underdeveloped area of police response to child abuse in domestic violence cases.

Successful Reintegration and Mental Health: An Examination of Gender Differences Among Reentering Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Bakken ◽  
Christy A. Visher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
And Gender

Men and women exiting the correctional system represent a population at high risk for mental health problems, and the body of research on the mental health needs of former prisoners is growing. These mental health problems pose challenges for individuals at every stage of the criminal justice process, from arrest to incarceration to reentry and reintegration. This article examines the mental health status and gender differences among a sample of 352 men and women leaving confinement and the role that mental health problems played in shaping their reentry outcomes using data collected between 2002 and 2005. In the year after leaving prison, men and women with mental health problems reported worse health indicators and less satisfactory social factors, such as employment, housing, and family support. The article concludes with a discussion of recommendations for improved policy and practice for assisting former prisoners with mental health problems during reintegration.

Feeling Not Wanted/Loved and Depression: Does Gender Matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110628
Author(s):  
Manik Ahuja ◽  
Joy Okoro ◽  
Esther Frimpong ◽  
Riddhi P. Doshi ◽  
Rajvi J. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Family Based Interventions

Depression affects over 17 million American adults yearly and has been identified as the leading cause of disability in people between the ages of 15 and 44 years. There is evidence that feeling neglect or a lack of parental attachment during childhood is associated with depression. One construct that has been overlooked is love from a parent. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between individuals who felt not wanted/loved during adolescence and lifetime depression and to examine this association by gender. We examined 5114 participants aged 24–32 years at Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) public use dataset. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the association between an individual feeling not wanted/loved by their parent/caregiver prior to age 18, covariates, and lifetime depression. We then stratified by gender and ran logistic models for both men and women separately. Overall, 16.2% ( n = 827) reported lifetime depression diagnosis, while 16.5% of the participants reported feeling not wanted/loved “often,” while 29.8% reported it as “sometimes.” Feeling not wanted/loved “often” was associated with higher odds of depression (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI, 2.45–3.66; p < .001) versus “sometimes” (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31–1.90; p < .001). When stratified by gender, feeling not loved/wanted was associated with depression among both men (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.60–5.25; p < .001) and women (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.13–3.48; p < .001). Feeling not loved or wanted by a parent/caregiver during adolescence has serious implications, for both men and women. Future studies should further examine this construct and identify family-based interventions that focus on parent/caregiver and child relationships.

Analysis of cognitive characteristics and influencing factors of mass sports rehabilitation in Taiyuan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaye He ◽  
Jiangong Wang ◽  
Liangyuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exercise Rehabilitation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background: To assess the awareness regarding sports rehabilitation among residents of Taiyuan. Method: From September 27, 2018 to March 29, 2019, 1200 residents who met the inclusion/ criteria were selected using convenient sampling method. The population was surveyed by self-designed questionnaires, and single factor and two-category logistic regression analysis (stepwise forward method) was used to identify the factors influencing awareness of mass sports rehabilitation in Taiyuan. Results: A total of 1200 questionnaires were issued, of which 1167 were collected and 1101 were valid. The corresponding recovery and effective recovery rates were 97.25% and 94.34% respectively. The overall rate of awareness of exercise rehabilitation was 80.7%, and education level, occupation, income and health status were significant influencing factors (R<0.05). The results of two-class logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupation, education level, income level and health status were the influencing factors affecting the public's perception of the sports rehabilitation concept (R<0.05), whereas gender, occupation, education level and health status influenced understanding of the establishment of the rehabilitation department in Taiyuan (R<0.05), and gender, age, education level and health status affected understanding of the types of patients receiving rehabilitation (R<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high general awareness regarding sports rehabilitation, and is influenced by various socio-economic factors.

The Role of Deceptive Communication and Gender in Shaping Online Dating Interactions

2019 ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Deceptive Communication

Online dating is becoming an increasingly used method for meeting significant others. As the research of lying behavior has advanced so has the technique of detecting the act of lying, especially in the online environment where deception is more likely to happen. The aim of this chapter is to simplify the perception of lying behavior to the general population and examine gender differences of lying behavior, namely, to verify whether one can observe a statistically significant difference in the speech behavior and exploitation of lying cues among men and women. The study shows correlation between gender and deception in online environment.

The Changing Demographics

2008 ◽  
pp. 2284-2298
Author(s):  
M. B. Knight ◽  
J. M. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Changing Demographics

As the changing demographics of the workplace influence how organizations operate, the need to reexamine relationships between these demographic variables and their effect on the organization continues. This study provides an empirical examination of the effect of two demographic variables, age and gender, and any moderating impact anxiety, enjoyment, and/or peer pressure may have on computer usage. Based on our analysis of 292 knowledge workers, we identified no significant difference between men and women and/or young and old regarding their computer usage in the workplace. Therefore, the findings from this study do not seem to support earlier research regarding age and gender, which indicated that these variables did impact computer usage. However, the moderating construct (anxiety) did appear to be significant in the employees’ computer usage.

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