scholarly journals Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among the Children of Special Education Complex, Peshawar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Bismah Saleem ◽  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
Hamid Hussain ◽  
Ayaz Ayub ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun Khan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Snellen Visual Acuity ◽  
Special Children ◽  
Physically Handicapped

OBJECTIVES:The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among children of special education complex. METHODOLOGY:A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine refractive error among the children of special education complex Hayatabad, Peshawar. A total of 272 children were examined from age 5-19 years. Refractive errors were determined by doing retinoscopy, subjective and objective refraction, ophthalmoscope and, hand held auto refractors. Snellen’s charts, lea symbol chart and kay pictures were used for assessing the visual acuity in children who could cooperate. RESULTS:Among 272 children, 225 children were males (82.7%). 34(12.5%) were mentally retard, 182(66.9%) were hearing impaired and 56(20.6%) were physically handicapped. Children suffering from refractive errors were 47(17.3%). 11(4.0%) reported that they were using glasses. Squint was present in 5(1.8%). On examination status of right eye 5(1.8%) were with visual acuity 6/60 or less. For children who were unable to comprehend with Snellen visual acuity chart, they were be assessed by using other charts like Lea symbol chart or Kay pictures. 19(7.0%) were assessed by Lea symbol chart, 9(3.3%) by Kay pictures and maximum number of children easily understand Snellen visual acuity chart that was 244(89.7%). CONCLUSION:This study concluded that refractive errors were common in special children.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment amongst older adults in a rural area of North India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e018894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Malhotra ◽  
Praveen Vashist ◽  
Mani Kalaivani ◽  
Noopur Gupta ◽  
Suraj Singh Senjam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Causes

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, causes and associated factors for visual impairment (VI) in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 50 years and above were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. Presenting visual acuity using LogMAR E chart was measured along with collection of other demographic details as part of the house-to-house survey. Subjective refraction and torch light examination were performed at a clinic site within the village to ascertain VI and its cause. VI was considered when presenting visual acuity was less than 6/18 in the better eye. Common causes of VI viz uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, central corneal opacity and others were noted by optometrists. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for determining associated factors with VI.ResultsOut of 2025 enumerated adults, 1690 (83.5%) were examined at the household level and 1575 (78%) completed all study procedures. The prevalence of VI was found to be 24.5% (95% CI 21.1 to 26.3) and blindness was 5% (95% CI 3.9 to 6.1). The most common causes of VI were uncorrected refractive errors (50%) and cataract (37%). The VI in study participants was found to be associated with age, gender, marital and educational status.ConclusionsVI is still a public health problem in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana. Provision of spectacles and cataract surgical services are simple interventions to address this issue.

scholarly journals Burden and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors Post Cataract Surgery at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center: A Hospital Based Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Livin Uwemeye ◽  
William U. Makupa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Aims: To determine the burden and factors associated with refractive errors after cataract surgery in a training institution. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Eye department. Northern Tanzania, from January 2016 to December 2017. Methods: A review of files of all adult patients who have had cataract surgery in 2016 and 2017 was conducted. A total of 626 eyes of 554 patients who had post-operative refraction by experienced optometrists were included. Information were extracted from patients’ files then entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. The main outcomes were post-operative refraction and best corrected visual acuity.  Results: Mean age was 69.3 years (SD=10.7) and ECCE accounted for 76% of surgeries. At least 84.6% had post-operative refractive error and astigmatism was the most common refractive error (56.8%). Spherical error accounted for 27.8%. Spherical error ranged from -12 to 4DS, mean = -0.42 (SD=1.3) DS and median = 0.00DS. The maximum cylindrical error was -7.5 DC, mean = -1.15 (SD=1.36) DC and median = -1.0DC. At least 56% had spherical equivalent within 1D of emmetropia. A BCVA of 6/18 or better was achieved in 92.8%. Age, poor pre-operative VA, poor presenting VA, astigmatism on keratometry, difference between recommended and inserted IOL, ECCE, grade of surgeon and suturing were associated with refractive errors. Conclusion: Refractive errors following cataract surgery are common. Best corrected visual acuity outcome was in normal recommended range; however, the magnitude of refractive errors was high and the proportion of patients who achieved a final refraction within 1D of emmetropia was below the recommended range. An effort should be made to lower the prevalence and magnitude of refractive errors associated with cataract surgery in training institutions.

scholarly journals Ocular Abnormalities in Children with Down’s Syndrome Attending a Semi Urban Tertiary Care Centre in India - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Sujatha Nambudiri ◽  
Sinumol Sukumaran Thulaseedharan ◽  
Seena T.V
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome

BACKGROUND Down syndrome, first described in 1866, is the most common chromosomal derangement in live births. More than half of the patients with Down syndrome have ophthalmic manifestations. We wanted to evaluate the most common ocular abnormalities in children with Down syndrome in South India. METHODS All children with positive chromosomal analysis report for Down syndrome between 2 - 18 years attending a semi-urban, tertiary medical care centre from 1/1/2013 to 1/1/2015 were included in this hospital based clinical cross sectional study. Detailed ocular examination included visual acuity assessment using age specific tests, diffuse light examination, assessment of ocular alignment, motility, cover tests, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, cycloplegic refraction and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS In our study, 95 % of children had ocular abnormalities. The most important defects were refractive errors (83.33 %), hyperopia (35 %), myopia 21 % of whom 2 children had high myopia of more than - 6D, and astigmatism (15 %). Among the refractive errors, hyperopia was the commonest. Other ocular abnormalities were cataract (13.33 %), esotropia (13.33 %), exotropia (3.33 %), nystagmus (6.67 %), nasolacrimal duct obstruction (8.3 %) and optic disc coloboma (1.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Refractive errors, strabismus were the most common and significant visual defects identified in children with Down syndrome in our study. Early detection of refractive errors, strabismus and prompt and appropriate intervention like glasses for refractive errors and surgical correction of strabismus is absolutely necessary to prevent development of amblyopia. Improvement of vision accelerates the overall development of the child. Management of Down syndrome children should be a team approach with ophthalmologist playing an important role. These children should have early and regular ophthalmological evaluations to maximise the benefit. KEYWORDS Down Syndrome, Ocular Abnormalities, Visual Acuity in Children

scholarly journals Refractive errors and visual impairment among children and adolescents in southernmost China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Peng ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
Yunyan Zheng ◽  
Yanan Dai ◽  
Qing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Refractive errors and visual impairment in southernmost China have not been reported previously. We aim to investigate and determine the age-specific prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and visual impairment based on a large population cross-sectional study in Hainan area of southernmost tropical province in China. Methods A population-based sample of 31,524 children aged 6–15 years from Hainan was assessed. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity (VA) analyses were performed on all participants and a subgroup of participants undergoing cycloplegia. Results Of all participants, 23.0% presented uncorrected VA (UCVA) was worse than 20/40 in worse eye, 6.0% presented mild presenting visual acuity impairment (PVAI), 7.0% presented moderate PVAI, 0.2% presented severe PVAI in the better eye, and 46.9% presented abnormal UCVA [worse than 20/25 (≥ 6, < 8 years old) and worse than 20/20 (≥ 8 years and older)] at least in one eye. The overall prevalence of myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤  − 0.50 D] and high myopia (SE ≤  − 6.00 D) were 46.0%, 1.0% respectively. Hyperopia [SE ≥  + 1.00 D (≥ 7 years old) and SE ≥  + 2.00 D (≥ 6, < 7 years old)] and significant hyperopia (SE ≥  + 3.00 D) were 4.2 and 0.6%, respectively. Astigmatism [cylinder ≥ 1.00 D (≥ 7 years old) and ≥ 1.75 D (≥ 6, < 7 years old)] was found in 31.9%. Conclusions Myopia was the most common refractive error in southernmost province in China (Hainan). Its prevalence increased with age, while hyperopia prevalence showed a decreasing trend. However, myopia, especially high myopia prevalence was much lower than in other urban regions across China.

scholarly journals Characterization of Refractive Errors in a Population of Children from 2 to 14 Years of Age in Bogotá, Colombia*

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Lince-Rivera ◽  
Gabriel Eduardo Camacho Flórez ◽  
Alexa Kunzel Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Refractive errors can have important repercussions in the performance of an individual, especially in the pediatric community. <strong>Objective</strong>: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors within a sample of 112 children between the ages of 2 and 14 from the Colegio La Candelaria in the city of Bogotá. <strong>Methods</strong>: Cross-sectional study that evaluated through visual acuity, ocular motility, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, and subjective exam, the visual capacity of the children in question. <strong>Results</strong>: We found a prevalence of refractive errors of 18.8% where 13.4% represented astigmatism, 3.6% hypermetropia and 1.8% myopia. <strong>Discussion</strong>: These results were compared with those exposed on a thesis performed in 1973 by which patients with similar conditions were tested. In this study, the refractive errors were of 30.48%, a difference that can be explained by variations in population characteristics. Lastly, it arises the need of screening in other communities.</p>

PREVALENCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL CHILDREN – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-557
Author(s):  
Dr.R.Priyadarsini M.D ◽  
◽  
Dr.K.Kanchana M.D ◽  
Dr.P.Shanmugapriya M.D ◽  
Dr.Malaiarasi M.D.
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Tooth Loss and Its Association With Frequency of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Yemeni Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Shamala ◽  
Ebtesam Al-Maimooni ◽  
Salsbeel Al-Matari ◽  
Ryhana Hiyat ◽  
Mohammed Al-wesabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Backgrounds: The present study sought to assess tooth loss and oral hygiene practices among a sample of Yemeni women in association with giving births (parity).Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 644 Yemeni women. They were interviewed to gather socio-demographic (age, education, number of children) and behavioral data (oral hygiene practices, khat chewing and smoking). Additionally, they were examined clinically to assess number of tooth loss. Data were analyzed using SPSS with a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participating women aged between 16 and 51 years. Only one fifth of the sample reported brushing their teeth regularly (i.e, at least once a day), and around 36.8% reported using dental aids occasionally. Additionally, 52% and 21% of the sample reported they were khat chewers and smokers, respectively. The mean number of tooth loss was 4.7. The mean number of children was 4.15, with approximately 54% of the participating women had more than 3 children. The results of the logistic regression revealed a significant association between number of children and tooth loss. Conclusion: Yemeni women had poor oral hygiene practices and high prevalence of tooth loss increased proportionally with the increased number of children. This emphasizes the importance of an effective oral hygiene motivation and health education among female patients during pregnancy periods.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on defective vision among secondary school going children in Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3995
Author(s):  
Chinta Durga Kumar ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Defective Vision

Background: Eye is one of the most vital organs of human body. Any abnormality in the eye can impair vision and make the person handicapped for life. The school children form a special group because they are most vulnerable to the effects of reduced vision and its impact on learning capability and educational potential. The objective of the study was to find out the factors affecting vision of secondary school children, to suggest preventive and remedial measures for defective vision.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. School children of Zilla Parishad secondary high school during November 2016 to December 2016 were studied. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 320 students were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results were expressed as proportions for different study variables.Results: Out of the 320 students, majority 181 (56.56%) of study participants were girls. The highest number of students (49.38%) was between 12-13 years of age group. Prevalence of defective vision is 34%. Family history is present in 29% of the study population. 34% of children with defective vision, it was detected by their mother.Conclusions: Refractive errors are more in girls. Children and parents should be educated regarding ocular hygiene and early correction of refractive errors.

scholarly journals Health Status of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in urban area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Manish Jain ◽  
Mayank Jain ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Kapil Garg ◽  
Asif A Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The school going age is a formative period, both physically as well as mentally. Poor health status in school aged children is among the causes of poor class performance and high absenteeism. Objectives: to assess the health and nutritional status of the school going children in urban area and to determine the association of health problems with age and gender. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in government schools of urban field practice area of tertiary care institute, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Study was carried out among 2193 students in four government schools. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio-demographic characters and their health profile. A detailed clinical examination was done from head to toe for every child. Weight and height were measured. Data was entered into the Microsoft Excel 10. Chi square test of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Most common health problem was dental caries (15.0%) followed by refractive errors (13.1%) and pallor (12.6%). Proportions of pallor and refractive error were significantly increased with increase in age of study participants. 16.8% of the students were found to be having thinness. Moderate stunting was present in 7.3% students. Conclusion: Dental caries, refractive errors and pallor were the common morbidities. A significant proportion of school children were undernourished.

scholarly journals Visual Acuity Changes during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khashayar Mehdizadehkashi ◽  
Shahla Chaichian ◽  
Abolfazl Mehdizadehkashi ◽  
Ebrahim Jafarzadepour ◽  
Zeinab Tamannaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Myopic Shift

In this research, we represent the changes in visual acuity during pregnancy and after delivery. Changes as myopic shift start during second trimester and will be stopped after delivery; however it is obtained that women will have the same refractive error as what they had in the first trimester, after postpartum. So, any change in their spectacle prescription during this period is forbidden. As a result, not only changing in hormones can cause myopic shift in vision, but also overweight has its retributive role. What we are trying to do is to notify gynecologists and optometrists to be aware of these changes, so as to leave spectacle prescription writing to the session after postpartum period.

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