Tuberculosis in the Americas. 2019 Regional Report

Country Level ◽

United Nations General ◽

Development Goals ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

Tuberculosis is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide, and still represents a major public health problem in the Region of the Americas. The Region has made great strides in TB prevention and control; nevertheless, at the current rate of decline in the number of TB deaths and incidence of TB, the proposed targets and milestones needed to end TB will not be achieved. Countries must thus ramp up their efforts to meet these targets. Tuberculosis in the Americas: Regional Report presents the situation of tuberculosis in the Region, as well as the progress made by countries in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of TB under the framework of the End TB Strategy, the Sustainable Development Goals, and the commitments made at the high-level TB meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 2018. Epidemiological analyses and programmatic data provide an overview of the TB situation in the Region, with emphasis on case detection, preventive treatment, treatment outcomes, drug-resistant TB, TB/HIV co-infection, and vulnerable groups, among other aspects. An analysis of TB funding in the Region is also included. The authors hope that this report will facilitate understanding of the situation of TB in the Region and serve as an example for similar country-level analyses, with a view to promoting better decision-making and ending TB.

Knowledge and utilization of preventive measures in the control of neonatal malaria in south-eastern Nigeria

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v18i3.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Uchechukwu M. Chukwuocha ◽

Geoffrey C. Nwakwuo ◽

Lawrence O. Alinnor

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Insecticide Treated Nets ◽

Chi Square ◽

South Eastern ◽

Background: The burden of neonatal malaria remains a major public health problem in Nigeria receiving less attention. Knowledge and awareness of preventive measures of neonatal malaria is still very low. This study aimed at assessing the Knowledge and utilization of preventive measures in the control of neonatal malaria in South-eastern Nigeria.Methods: Structured pretested questionnaires were used to collect data from 230 consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. These women were followed up until delivery and blood samples were taken from their new born for malaria parasite tests. Using SPSS, qualitative variables were summarized with proportions and chi-square test was used to investigate associations between qualitative variables.Results: There was high level of awareness on the use of malaria preventive measures by pregnant women in the control of neonatal malaria. A significant relationship between the use of malaria preventive measures and neonatal malaria was also shown. Over three-quarters (79.7%) of women had knowledge of malaria preventive measures during pregnancy. Use of anti-malarial prophylaxis (91.8%) followed by the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (49.5%) were practiced. ITNs were less (19.6%) used during pregnancy. Most of them (57.8%) received single dose of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy, while 37% received two doses of IPT.Conclusion: More effort need to be made and support provided to women during pregnancy to encourage usage of preventive measures. There is also need to develop a health promotion package to eliminate factors discouraging the use of specific preventive measures like IPTp and ITNs.

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i04.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

Rakhshan .

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

High Level ◽

Continuous Use ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah

10.31237/osf.io/thp42 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adib Rifqi Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Education System ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

American University ◽

The North ◽

The World ◽

Development Goals ◽

High Level ◽

Education And Development

“The real treasure is in the minds of our children, and all we have to do is extract it.” Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah writes in website Queen Rania Foundation For Education And Development www.qrf.org/en. Rania Al Yassin was born on August 31, 1970. She obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from the American University of Cairo in 1991. She applied this, first, to a banking career in Jordan and, later, to the information technology sector. After marrying Prince Abdullah bin Al Hussein on June 10, 1993, they went on to have four children: Prince Hussein, Princess Iman, Princess Salma, and Prince Hashem. In addition to being a wife and mother, Queen Rania works hard to lift the lives of Jordanians by supporting their endeavours and helping to create new opportunities for them. Locally, she is committed to breathe new life into the public education system; empower communities and women especially through microfinance initiatives; protect children and families; and drive innovation, technology and entrepreneurship, especially amongst young people. Internationally, Queen Rania is an advocate for tolerance, compassion and bridge building between people of all cultures and backgrounds. Her efforts to simultaneously challenge stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims, and promote greater understanding and acceptance between people of all faiths and cultures, have won her global recognition. Her Majesty’s passion is education. She believes that every Jordanian girl and boy, and all children, should have access not only to stimulating classrooms and modern curricula, but inspiring teachers and technology that can connect Jordan’s children to the world and the world to Jordan’s children. Her efforts in the education sector complement the work of the Ministry of Education through initiatives such as the Jordan Education Initiative, the Queen Rania Teachers Academy, Madrasati, Edraak and others. To realize these and so much more, Queen Rania has encouraged private sector partners to drive improvements and strengthen the foundations of Jordan’s education system. Queen Rania is also a global voice for access to quality education for children around the world. In 2009, Her Majesty championed the 1 Goal campaign for education; she is Honorary Chair of the UN Girl’s Education Initiatives and has advocated access to education in forums and gatherings around the world. Her work and her efforts to improve the learning opportunities for children have been recognized at the highest levels, nationally, regionally and internationally. Additionally, through her position on their boards, Her Majesty contributes to the work of the United Nations Fund and the World Economic Forum. She is the Eminent Advocate for UNICEF; and she was part of the UN appointed High Level Panel who advised on the shape and content of the Sustainable Development Goals which aim to improve the lives of millions of people before 2030. In recognition of her work, Her Majesty has humbly accepted many awards, locally, regionally and globally. These include the Walther Rathenau Award from the Walther RathenauInstitut in Germany for her efforts to greater peace and understanding; the James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from Tech Awards, USA; the Arab Knight of Giving Award from Arab Giving Forum, UAE; the North South Prize by the North South Prize, Portugal; as well as the YouTube Visionary Award. Her Majesty authored several books primarily for children including the Sandwich Swap, which was inspired by her own childhood experiences.

Defining and Quantifying National-Level Targets, Indicators and Benchmarks for Management of Natural Resources to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11020462 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 462 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Chris Dickens ◽

Vladimir Smakhtin ◽

Matthew McCartney ◽

Gordon O’Brien ◽

Lula Dahir

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

National Level ◽

Resource Quality ◽

Country Level ◽

2030 Agenda ◽

Development Goals ◽

Global Indicators

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are high on the agenda for most countries of the world. In its publication of the SDGs, the UN has provided the goals and target descriptions that, if implemented at a country level, would lead towards a sustainable future. The IAEG (InterAgency Expert Group of the SDGs) was tasked with disseminating indicators and methods to countries that can be used to gather data describing the global progress towards sustainability. However, 2030 Agenda leaves it to countries to adopt the targets with each government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances. At present, guidance on how to go about this is scant but it is clear that the responsibility is with countries to implement and that it is actions at a country level that will determine the success of the SDGs. Reporting on SDGs by country takes on two forms: i) global reporting using prescribed indicator methods and data; ii) National Voluntary Reviews where a country reports on its own progress in more detail but is also able to present data that are more appropriate for the country. For the latter, countries need to be able to adapt the global indicators to fit national priorities and context, thus the global description of an indicator could be reduced to describe only what is relevant to the country. Countries may also, for the National Voluntary Review, use indicators that are unique to the country but nevertheless contribute to measurement of progress towards the global SDG target. Importantly, for those indicators that relate to the security of natural resources security (e.g., water) indicators, there are no prescribed numerical targets/standards or benchmarks. Rather countries will need to set their own benchmarks or standards against which performance can be evaluated. This paper presents a procedure that would enable a country to describe national targets with associated benchmarks that are appropriate for the country. The procedure builds on precedent set in other countries but in particular on a procedure developed for the setting of Resource Quality Objectives in South Africa. The procedure focusses on those SDG targets that are natural resource-security focused, for example, extent of water-related ecosystems (6.6), desertification (15.3) and so forth, because the selection of indicator methods and benchmarks is based on the location of natural resources, their use and present state and how they fit into national strategies.

Progress Assessment and Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of Water Conservancy Modernization Construction in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3736

Author(s):

Nan Lu ◽

Jiwei Zhu ◽

Hui Chi ◽

Bing Wang ◽

Lu Chen

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Water Governance ◽

Average Score ◽

Development Goals ◽

Water Conservancy ◽

Index Level ◽

To achieve the sustainable development goals established by the United Nations in 2015, China has adopted a series of measures to promote the modernization of water conservancy. However, its construction in China is imbalanced across regions as the endowment of water resources and economic development are distinct. Consequently, it is important to assess the progress of and analyze the spatial heterogeneity of water conservancy modernization construction in China from the perspective of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this study, 31 regions in China were selected, and data on water conservancy construction in these sampled regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) were collected in 2018. The results show that there exists an imbalanced development in terms of the overall level and the index level. About 60% of the regions scored below the overall average score for China’s current modernization of water conservancy. The eastern areas presented a high level of modernization, while the central, northeast, and western areas showed comparable modernization of water conservancy, all of which lag behind eastern areas of China. Furthermore, China’s water conservancy modernization also presented a strong spatial autocorrelation, and there was at least one deficiency in 55% of the regions, with the rate of deficiencies emerging in the West being much higher than in other regions. In a nutshell, this study provides a novel framework that can be extended to evaluate the SDGs and the effectiveness of water governance in other countries.

Sustainable development in the city of Heidelberg

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia oeconomica ◽

10.18778/0208-6018.313.14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (313) ◽

Author(s):

Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Early Stage ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Local Level ◽

Local Heat ◽

Ecological Awareness ◽

Development Goals ◽

High Level ◽

The City

The city of Heidelberg has won twice the price of European Sustainable City Award. The paper presents the latest author’s investigation (July 2014) about the sustainable development in the Heidelberg. The aim of the article is an analyses and assessment of the implementation of sustainable development in the city. The policy and economical instruments implemented at the local level at the very early stage (early 90s) help the city to build ecological education and shape ecological style of life.. The city citizens have a very high level of ecological awareness and very often participate in policy decisions, shaping sustainable development goals of the Heidelberg. The main local priorities for sustainable development are: climate and environment protection, rising energy efficiency by using renewable energy sources, local heat district, ecological transport and building in passive standard.

Molecular Analyses of TEM Genes and Their Corresponding Penicillinase-Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Bangkok, Thailand

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.05665-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 916-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shu-ichi Nakayama ◽

Chanwit Tribuddharat ◽

Sasiprapa Prombhul ◽

Ken Shimuta ◽

Somporn Srifuengfung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sexual Network ◽

Genetic Event ◽

Content Type ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Resistance To Penicillin ◽

High Level ◽

International Awareness

ABSTRACTNeisseria gonorrhoeaeis a major public health problem globally, especially because the bacterium has developed resistance to most antimicrobials introduced for first-line treatment of gonorrhea. In the present study, 96N. gonorrhoeaeisolates with high-level resistance to penicillin from 121 clinical isolates in Thailand were examined to investigate changes related to their plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance and their molecular epidemiological relationships. A β-lactamase (TEM) gene variant,blaTEM-135, that may be a precursor in the transitional stage of a traditionalblaTEM-1gene into an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), possibly causing high resistance to all extended-spectrum cephalosporins inN. gonorrhoeae, was identified. Clonal analysis using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) andN. gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) revealed the existence of a sexual network among patients from Japan and Thailand. Molecular analysis of theblaTEM-135gene showed that the emergence of this allele might not be a rare genetic event and that the allele has evolved in different plasmid backgrounds, which results possibly indicate that it is selected due to antimicrobial pressure. The presence of theblaTEM-135allele in the penicillinase-producingN. gonorrhoeaepopulation may call for monitoring for the possible emergence of ESBL-producingN. gonorrhoeaein the future. This study identified ablaTEMvariant (blaTEM-135) that is a possible intermediate precursor for an ESBL, which warrants international awareness.

Enhancing the natural toxicity of Salmonella Typhimurium towards tumours

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (7A) ◽

Author(s):

Najla Alfaqeer ◽

Donal Wall

Keyword(s):

Food Poisoning ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Wild Type ◽

Level Of Invasion ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

High Level ◽

Initial Results ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Background and objective: Salmonella is the underlying cause of foodborne diseases and poses a major public health problem worldwide. Research has developed a method to efficiently treat cancer using some of the same bacteria behind food poisoning, one of these bacteria is Salmonella which targets and penetrats tumours specifically by being attracted to the compounds produced by tumour cells and accumulating at the tumour site and inducing inflammation. In this project we aim to investigate the mechanism of Salmonella Typhimurium which has a tremendous ability to invade, replicate and compete to survive inside the cells by virtue of effector proteins such as: sipA, sipB, and AvrA which it possesses. Method: The S.Typhimurium strains used are wild-type SL1344 ( ΔsipA, ΔsipB, ΔavrA and VV341) and attenuated strain of SL7207. Bacteria were cultured in LB broth in a 37 °C shaker overnight to reach a stationary phase before using it to infect B16F10 (mouse melanoma). Results: The initial results show that the infection of B16F10 with wild-type SL1344 had a high level of invasion compared to the low number of bacteria with the deletion of sipB which impaired its entry into the cell. Similarly, the mutant strains ΔsipA and ΔavrA show an increasing number of intracellular bacteria, like the wild-type strain. We will be investigating further on the innate mechanisms of Salmonella in disrupting tumour growth and progression, that might help maximize the potential of using these bacteria in monotherapy or in tandem with other useful therapies.

Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal of Good Health and Well-Being by European Union Countries in 2017

Comparative Economic Research ◽

10.18778/1508-2008.23.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 53-68

Author(s):

Iwona Konarzewska

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Well Being ◽

Good Health ◽

Eu Countries ◽

United Nations General ◽

Development Goals ◽

United Nations General Assembly ◽

Using Data ◽

Health And Well Being

In September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of them, Goal 3, is defined as: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. In the paper, we have considered the indices proposed by Eurostat, which help to measure the level that the targets achieve. We present the dynamics of indices over the period 2002–2017. Multi-criteria statistical analysis for 28 EU countries was conducted using data up to 2017 to show how much EU countries are diversified and to present rankings of countries on their way to achieving the good health and well-being status of their citizens. The results are compared with a global SGD-Sub-Index for Goal 3, developed by Sachs et al. (2018).

Macro and micro determinants of project performance

African Evaluation Journal ◽

10.4102/aej.v2i1.86 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yemesrach Assefa ◽

Oscar P. Rivera ◽

Désiré Vencatachellum

Keyword(s):

Policy Formulation ◽

Project Performance ◽

Country Level ◽

Development Effectiveness ◽

Target Date ◽

African Development Bank ◽

Development Goals ◽

Bank Group ◽

One Year ◽

One year from the target date of the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the result in Africa is only a work in progress. Africa has made progress towards some of the MDGs but needs to draw lessons and improve performance post 2015. This study investigates the development effectiveness of the African Development Bank Group-financed projects using 229 concluded projects between 2004 and 2012 to assess the major determinants of project performance. The study finds that the Bank Group has on average a high level of development effectiveness. Using econometric analysis the study found that country-level variables’ interactions with project-level variables explain a substantial share of the variationsin project performance. In particular, it affirmed that country policies and institutions and country capacity in general is positively correlated with project performance whilst parallel project implementation units were not correlated. At the micro level, the age of a project, the quality of project design and the choice of programing instrument were also important determinants of project success. The findings of this study therefore will inform the policy formulation processes in the post 2015 agenda.