scholarly journals Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following spider bite

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Petra Bago Rožanković ◽  
Maristela Stojić ◽  
Jasna Badžak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spider Bite

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that occurs as an immunological response to a viral or bacterial infection or an immunization. We describe a patient with clinical presentation and radiological features of ADEM that appeared after a spider bite. Corticosteroid therapy did not produce satisfied treatment response. The patient recovered after five days of immunoglobulin therapy. The cross-reactivity between spider toxin and myelin could explain pathophysiological mechanism of demyelination. ADEM should be considered as a possible complication of a spider bite.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Typhoid Fever: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
R Adhikari ◽  
A Tayal ◽  
PK Chhetri ◽  
B Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cerebellar Syndrome ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The involvement of central nervous system in children with typhoid fever is common. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare immune mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually affects children. We report a 7-year-old child with typhoid fever who developed acute cerebellar syndrome due to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 55-58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10237

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in two renal transplant patients: is there a role for Epstein-Barr virus reactivation?

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Caucheteux ◽  
A Maarouf ◽  
L Daelman ◽  
O Toupance ◽  
S Lavaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Reactivation

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, usually occurring after a vaccination or infectious disease. It has been exceptionally described in transplanted patients. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. We report the clinical, biological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation and evolution of two kidney-transplanted patients with ADEM associated with local Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. ADEM may occur in transplanted patients with favorable evolution. Its pathophysiology is uncertain, and the implication of EBV is discussed.

scholarly journals Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following rabies vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
White Male ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Atypical Manifestations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its diagnosis can be challenging due to having varied clinical presentations, including a range of motor, speech, cognitive, and behavioral changes that can vary in frequency and intensity, and there being no strictly defined diagnostic criteria for it in adults. Here we present a 58-year-old White male who developed ADEM following an uncommon cause (i.e., rabies vaccination), which was difficult to diagnose due to atypical manifestations.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Review: Demyelinating Diseases in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hana Larassati ◽  
Riwanti Estiasari ◽  
Reyhan E. Yunus ◽  
Paul M. Parizel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Medical Advances

Demyelinating diseases are more common in Indonesia than previously believed. However, it is still a challenge for a country such as Indonesia to implement the scientific medical advances, especially in the diagnostic process of demyelinating diseases, to achieve the best possible outcome for these groups of patients, within the constraints of what is socially, technologically, economically, and logistically achievable. In this review, we address the 4 major classes of demyelinating disease: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), anti-MOG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and discuss their prevalence, demographics, clinical diagnosis workup, and imaging features in the Indonesian population, as well as the challenges we face in their diagnosis and therapeutic approach. We hope that this overview will lead to a better awareness of the spectrum of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in Indonesia.

Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A Remarkable Outcome with Cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Meirson ◽  
Shelly I. Shiran ◽  
Michal Raz ◽  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Aviva Fattal-Valevski
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Treatment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Glucocorticoids ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Administration

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which occurs predominantly in the pediatric population. Acute treatment is high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids. Alternative treatment is usually intravenous immune globulin and/or plasma exchange. Fulminant ADEM is rare in children. Only a few cases of cyclophosphamide use in refractory ADEM have been reported. Here, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with fulminant ADEM who was comatose and improved dramatically after cyclophosphamide administration. Cyclophosphamide treatment should be considered as a therapy in children with fulminant ADEM nonresponsive to standard therapies.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis following Vaccination against Hepatitis B in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-liang Yuan ◽  
Shuang-kun Wang ◽  
Xiao-juan Guo ◽  
Wen-li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Alteration Of Consciousness ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which has been associated with several vaccines such as rabies, diphtheria-tetanus-polio, smallpox, measles, mumps, rubella, Japanese B encephalitis, pertussis, influenza, and the Hog vaccine. Here, we presented a case of 12-year-old child who suffered from ADEM three weeks after hepatitis B vaccination. He was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of weakness of limbs, high fever, and alteration of consciousness. Some abnormalities were also found in CSF. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin had significant effect, with marked improvement of the clinical symptoms and the results of CSF. The findings of MRI also detected some abnormal lesions located in both brain and spinal cord. The clinical features, the findings of CSF and MRI, and therapeutic effect may contribute to such diagnosis of ADEM.

scholarly journals THE RAPID PRODUCTION OF ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN RHESUS MONKEYS BY INJECTION OF HETEROLOGOUS AND HOMOLOGOUS BRAIN TISSUE WITH ADJUVANTS

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvin A. Kabat ◽  
Abner Wolf ◽  
Ada E. Bezer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Findings

1. A picture resembling acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the human being has been regularly and rapidly produced in rhesus monkeys by injection of emulsions of adult rabbit and monkey brain administered with adjuvants. 2. No lesions of the central nervous system resulted from injection of similar emulsions of fetal rabbit brain or adult rabbit lung. 3. A description of the gross and histological findings in the central nervous system is given and compared with features of human demyelinating disease. 4. The experimental findings are in accord with the hypothesis that antibody to the injected brain emulsion reacts with the tissues of the nervous system of the animal to produce the pathological changes.

scholarly journals Update on Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children and Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Serena Massa ◽  
Adriana Fracchiolla ◽  
Cosimo Neglia ◽  
Alberto Argentiero ◽  
Susanna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that usually affects children and young adults after an infection or vaccination. The presence of several conditions mimicking ADEM, added to the lack of specific biomarkers, makes diagnosis potentially hard. Prompt diagnosis is necessary to start adequate treatment to improve the clinical course and long-term outcome. Because of its heterogeneity in both clinical presentation and course, challenges remain in establishing the most appropriate therapeutic approach in each patient. The aim of this review is to provide an update on management of this disease with a focus on acute treatment and to give suggestions for future research. We showed that there are currently no guidelines that help clinicians manage ADEM and therapeutic decisions are often made on a case-by-case basis. Further studies are necessary to identify clinical, laboratory, and instrumental criteria that could be correlated with outcomes and guide clinicians in choosing when and what treatment should be given in each case.

scholarly journals Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: complication of a vaccine preventable disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e225710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Banerjee ◽  
Renu Suthar ◽  
Sameer Vyas ◽  
Mini P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Parotid Swelling

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory-demyelinating disease of central nervous system. Several viral infections and vaccines act as precipitating factor for ADEM. We report an 8-year-old girl presenting with acute-onset flaccid paraparesis and bilateral painless vision loss. MRI brain showed extensive multifocal patchy demyelination and she made good clinical recovery with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. She had history of bilateral parotid swelling before the onset of neurological symptoms and diagnosis of mumps was confirmed by positive ELISA in serum. Mumps, usually a benign and self-limited viral infection, rarely can cause severe neurological complications. Hence, we report this case to emphasise the importance of mumps vaccination and the need to strengthen the health policy system for the prevention of disease.

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