scholarly journals Semicircular square in Tver as a specimen of evolution of the volume and space composition of Catherine the Great`s time

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Aleksey M. Salimov ◽  
Marina A. Salimova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Structure Transformation ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Historical Centre ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

The present paper considers on the basis of numeral sources an architectural ensemble of one of the main squares of the central part of Tver. Organized in 1760-es it is a bright example of medieval city planning structure transformation on the ground of “regular” town-planning principles laid into the background of many Russian cities’ reformation in the times of Catherine the Second. In this respect Tver was actually a pioneer for it became the first city after Saint Petersburg where new planning standards were approbated. After a period of a relative calm in the renewal of city constructions, the Semicircular Square had gradually started to change its image since 1840-es. An increase of storeys’ number of the buildings situated there had started since the late of the 19th century, and this process didn’t stop until the middle of the 20th century. This process ran parallel to the modification of stylistics of all the constructions of the square. Along with this process new architectural and decorative forms not all the time were used in the original buildings because some constructions of the times of Catherine the Great gave place to buildings of later time. But in spite of such cardinal changes in architectural image of the square buildings the town-planning significance of this ensemble still remains rather relevant one in the context of historical centre of the capital of the Upper Volga region.

scholarly journals URBAN REGENERATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF IDENTITY PRESERVATION: A CASE STUDY OF TREBINJE’S KRŠ DISTRICT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siniša Cvijić ◽  
Jasna Guzijan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Identity Preservation ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Town

Established in the first half of the 18th century, the district of Krš in Trebinje was the first settlement to grow upoutside the town walls. It grew up spontaneously in response to the local natural environment and under amixture of Mediterranean and Oriental influences. Since the second half of the 20th century, the district has faceddilapidation, a process that has not been countered yet, despite its recognised value as a cultural asset and thequality of its ambience.In this paper the present state of the district of Krš is analysed, along with the possibility of its adequateprotection relative to the applicable spatial and town plans, town planning ordinance and international charterson the protection of cultural and natural heritage sites. Also considered is the formulation of a special strategythat would help regenerating the area under consideration as well as safeguard its intangible cultural heritage andgenius loci.

scholarly journals Moscow in the Russian medallic art

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Ульяна Михайловна Волкова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

В статье рассматриваются медали, созданные в Российской империи в XVIII – начале XX века, с изображением города Москвы. В течение XVIII века была отчеканена всего одна медаль с таким изображением – на основание Московского университета. Все памятники XIX – начала XX века с изображением древней столицы можно разделить на три типа – это виды Кремля, различные сооружения и персонифицированный образ города. Персонификация Москвы – самый увлекательный медальный образ старой столицы. С этой аллегорией существует всего три медали. Первая персонификация Москвы была показана на медали, посвященной Отечественной войне 1812 года – «Освобождение Москвы», отчеканенной в 1834 году и принадлежащей к серии графа Ф.П. Толстого. Одеяние аллегорического персонажа соответствует русской моде начала XIX века и включает стилизованный сарафан и кокошник. На примере трех проанализированных медалей с изображением персонификаций Москвы автор прослеживает основные изменения, произошедшие в отечественном медальерном искусстве – от первых попыток включить элементы традиционной культуры в европейское по своей сути искусство до композиций, созданных на основе исторических источников и научных трудов. The article deals with the images of Moscow in the Russian medallic art of the 18th – beginning of the 20th century. Only one medal with the view of Moscow Kremlin was struck during 18th century. It was a medal dedicated to the inauguration of the Moscow University in 1754 by Helvetian medallieur Jacques-Antoine Dassier. During 19th – beginning of the 20th century, there were three types of the images of Moscow on the Russian medals. Moscow Kremlin, some landmark buildings or personification of the town are the main images depicted on the medals. Personification of Moscow is the most fascinating medallic image of the old capital. There were only three medals with this allegory. First personification of Moscow was shown on a medal dedicated to the Patriotic war of 1812 – “Liberation of Moscow” belonging to the series of count F.P. Tolstoy, minted in 1834. Allegory was dressed according to the Russian fashion of the beginning of the 19th century. And wore stylized sarafan (Russian folk costume) and kokoshnik (traditional Russian headdress). Two other personification were depicted after the first one.

scholarly journals Modern landscaping and medicinal plant loss as a legacy of colonialism in Nigeria (Lokoja as case study).

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Michael Oloyede Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This paper aims to trace the history of colonial urban planning in Nigerian cities, its legacies of urban design and beautification of the environment. In Nigeria the town planning institutional frame works was established under the colonial rule which persisted to the post colonial period. In this sense the colonial era was a phase in which European institutions and values systems were transferred to Nigeria, one of which is the concept of environmental beautification with the use of plants. An investigation is carried out on the influence of colonial rule on landscaping and urban design. Findings show that the introduction of deliberate landscaping to city planning have over the years systematically led to loss of valuable indigenous plants partly due to the introduction of exotic plants. These are plants that initially were seen as sources of cure for several ailments. There is therefore the need for a rethink as to the type of plants to be used for landscaping.

scholarly journals Protection of old forges in Sułkowice – symbol of the local crafts-manship

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Barbara Zin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

Wooden structures linked to agriculture are disappearing from the image of the Polish countryside, villages and small towns at the beginning of the 21st century. It is worthy to start the discussion on the fate of desolate, deteriorating forges, sawmills, carpentries, or water mills which are relics of the traditional technology. Sułkowice, a small town in the Małopolskie voivodeship, has been known for ages as a prominent centre of blacksmiths and their craft. Even today one feels the specific character of the landscape; in the mid-19th century circa 1000 blacksmiths worked there. Tradition lived until the times after the Second World War – when artisans in Sułkowice forged, among others, artful fittings for the MS ‘Batory’ [famed Polish liner]. Inventories, surveys and measurements of old forges, elaborated by the authoress within the framework of the research grant “Image of villages and small towns in Poland of the last decade of the 20th century” (led by Prof. Wiktor Zin) led to gathering of the documentation of circa 20 structures hailing from the close of the 19th century. After 20 years that elapsed since the research there are only a few left, and their days are numbered. Local Programme of Revitalisation of the Town from the year 2007 which is a strategic plan for enterprises aiming at amelioration of the area, does not mention the protection of the last witnesses of the local crafts’s tradition. Whereby the activisation of the local community, deriving from the tradition of the place, should be the aim of such a programme. Thus maybe there should be reconstruction and later ‘cyclical rebuilding’ of the structures which have no chance to exist with their primary function? “Old-new” wooden structures shall be a reminder of the blacksmiths’ tradition.

scholarly journals Smart as the new Urban Utopia in post industrial nations, case of Dholera, Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Raval ◽  
◽  
Bhagyajit Raval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Town

Contemporary cities are faced with a rising population due to rural to urban migration, significant demographic changes, climate risks, economic shifts and rapid technological change. The proposals for new cities and its development process is looked at as a “ready- made” finished fit for all model where the planning fails to acknowledge the existing demographics and friction on ground. This paper argues that there is a disparity between vision and planning for Dholera Smart city. It investigates the strategy cantered on land use adopted by the Dholera Special Investment Region and its land development mechanism to understand the process of city making. It critically reflects on the Town Planning scheme model of development and the idea of greenfield city planning. Investigating Dholera as a case for special investment region and it tries to position it in the theoretical understanding of paradigm shift in the model of urban governance. The paper critically reflects on the narrative of speculative urbanism and state rescaling in the case of Dholera greenfield city. This research argues that new cities by themselves are not an answer to the urbanization challenges that India is facing in contemporary times. Keywords: Smart City; Dholera; Special Investment Region; Greenfield City; Land-

scholarly journals Трускавець на сторінках туристичних утівників та путівників курортами (1875–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 336-347
Author(s):  
Маріанна Мовна ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Tourist Guides ◽  
Shed Light

The article analyses the image of the town Truskawiec as a famous balneological resort as seen from the perspective of tourist guides and health resort guides from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The authors of the guides were usually experienced doctorsbalneologists, developing their practices over a long period of time in Truskawiec. For this reason they possessed considerable and through knowledge regarding the medical infrastructure of the town. The article focuses on the characteristic of the main editions of the guides, the contents of which include relevant information allowing the analysis of selected aspects of the mobility of the Galician society at the and of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Apart from the issues related to the translocation of population, they shed light on the development of tourism in the country.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING EVOLUTION OF THE INDUSTRIAL AREA NEAR MOSKOVSKAYA ZASTAVA IN SAINT PETERSBURG

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
M. Granstrem ◽  
M. Zolotareva ◽  
Y. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Industrial Architecture ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Building Plant

This paper discusses the urban planning history of an area in Saint Petersburg around the former Moskovskaya Zastava, a historical gateway that travelers passed through when approaching Saint Petersburg from the direction of Moscow. Specifically, authors are interested in the architecture of the carriage building plant. By the end of the 19th century, this part of the city had turned into an industrial area, which saw dense development from 1897 to 1917. The development of heavy industry and the expansion of domestic railways led to an emerging demand in new freight cars. In this regard, it was decided to expand the car building at the existing factories, as well as to organize the construction of new ones. A small factory in St. Petersburg, which produced phaetons, cartridge boxes and field kitchens, in 1897 was significantly expanded and transformed into the St. Petersburg railcar plant. The characteristic features of the architectural and town-planning techniques of the late 19th - early 20th centuries were embodied in the volumetric-spatial composition of the carriage-building plant complex. The strong romantic tendencies characteristic for the industrial architecture of St. Petersburg of this period were clearly traced in its composition. For the next one hundred years, this vast space did not see any transformations, constituting a complete, self-sufficient environment. The railcar plant, originally constructed at the very end of the 19th century, remained standing near Moscovskaya Zastava until the early 21st century. In 2013, the industrial area ceased its existence, and the former plant was given away for residential development.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN PLANNING HERITAGE OF THE TOWN OF SOLVYCHEGODSK, ARKHANGELSK REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Alena V. SIDOROVA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The main stages of the formation of the town-planning structure of the city of Solvychegodsk in the 16th - early 20th century are analyzed. The monuments of religious and civil architecture are studied.. Brief information about the two main cathedrals of the city - Blagoveshchensky and Vvedensky of the Vvedensky Monastery, the last of which is an outstanding monument in the style of Stroganov’s Baroque, as well as about the two remaining churches - the Savior and Vladimir is cited. The most interesting monuments of stone and wooden civil architecture are listed, their regional features are revealed.

scholarly journals A New Expression Model of Classical Electromagnetic Theory at the Micro Level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Expression Model ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Micro Expression

Abstract Because Maxwell's classical electromagnetic theory is a macro-electromagnetic theory based on the cognition of the 19th century and before the 19th century, and because the physics of the 20th century has gained new cognition in the microscopic field, considering that it is now the 21st century. Therefore, this article attempts to establish a set of micro-expression theory of Maxwell's macro-electromagnetism theory based on the new cognitions obtained at the micro-level since the 20th century, in order to promote the further development of Maxwell's classical electromagnetism theory in accordance with the cognition of the times.

THE SINGULARITY OF THE DOME’S FORMS OF SAMARA’S ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE AND ECLECTICISM OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Irina A. KOTENKO
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The paper examines one of the characteristic fi nishing elements of the roofs of buildings - the dome. The originality of forms and varieties of their application is noted, fi rst of all in the Аrt Nouveau architecture, as well as in neoclassicism and various stylizations in the provincial city of Samara of the beginning of the 20th century. The author emphasizes the special signifi cance of the peculiar form in the composition of the building and the town-planning application. The widespread varieties of domes in the considered period of town-planning development are investigated and classifi ed. Due to its infl uence on the surrounding area, panoramas and silhouett es of the city, the domes retain their special town-planning signifi - cance. In the modern architecture of Samara, there has been an interest in this composite element, which is a kind of code of a historical city. The article considers modern examples of dome completions in Samara buildings.

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