scholarly journals An Investigation of Antibacterial Resistance Patterns in Isolated Bacteria from Contaminated Water Samples in Poultry Slaughterhouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Hadis Tavafi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Nowadays, in the poultry industry, antibiotics are used to treat, prevent, and enhance poultry growth and production efficiency. Their irregular consumption has resulted in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this industry. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in contaminated waters can be transmitted into soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from the water of chicken slaughterhouses around Hamadan (Iran) province. In this study, 20 water samples were collected from four slaughterhouses in Hamadan province (during spring and summer 2019). Initial isolation and identification of the bacteria were performed by pour plate culture and biochemical tests. The disc diffusion method was applied to investigate the resistance pattern. This study presents 109 screened isolates. Of these, 57.8% E.coli, 35.7% Salmonella spp., and 6.42% Klebsiella spp. were detected. Antibiograms of isolates showed that in E.coli, 23.09% were resistant to four types of the antibiotic tetracycline, amoxicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, 76.19% had only one type of antibiotic. Antibiotics for Salmonella spp. showed that 35.9% were resistant to tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, 64.10% to only one type of antibiotic. Also, in Klebsiella spp., 85.71% were sensitive to antibiotics, and only 14.28% were resistant to tetracycline. Conclusion: The results showed that the rate of multiple antibiotic resistance is relatively high, and contaminated water has a high potential for soil contamination. Therefore, resistant bacteria become more stable in the environment, and the health of the environment will be endangered. Therefore, it is necessary to study the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria to study and maintain the health of the environment.

scholarly journals Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. Isolated from Street-Vended Beverages

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Shahara Zulfakar ◽  
Noraziah Mohamad Zin ◽  
Siti Nur Shafika Mat Zalami ◽  
Nur Syakirah Mohd Nawawee
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Mar Index

The risk of foodborne diseases as well as the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria increases with the consumption of street-vended food and beverages. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. in street-vended beverages sold in Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to identify the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. isolates towards 11 selected antibiotics. Six beverage samples were found positive for presumptive Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. Upon confirmation via Microgen kit and PCR biochemical testing methods, only one isolate was confirmed to be Salmonella enterica serovar Derby while the other isolates were identified as Citrobacter spp. (n= 12; 2 isolates from each positive beverage sample). The antibiogram test showed that 58.3%, 16.7%, and 8.3% of the strains tested were resistance to tetracycline, cephalexin, and ampicillin respectively, while all isolates were fully resistant toward penicillin and erythromycin. The isolate with the highest MAR index (0.45) was S231, with resistance to five of the tested antibiotics (penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalexin, and ampicillin). Seven isolates had a MAR index of 0.27 and were resistant to three antibiotics, while the remaining four isolates had the lowest MAR index (0.18) and were resistant to only two antibiotics. This study shows that street-vended beverages have a high risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria to the public and that Citrobacter spp. should be considered as emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria in the food production system.

scholarly journals Do wastewater treatment plants increase antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daloha Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
Petra Mang ◽  
Heike Schmitt ◽  
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc ◽  
Katja Radon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Water from human activities is collected at wastewater treatment plants where processes often do not sufficiently neutralize antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, which are further shed into the local environment. This protocol outlines the steps to conduct a systematic review based on the Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome (PECO) framework, aiming at answering the question Are antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae and antimicrobial resistance genes present (O) in air and water samples (P) taken either near or downstream or downwind or down-gradient from wastewater treatment plants (E), as compared to air and water samples taken either further away or upstream or upwind or up-gradient from such wastewater treatment plant (C)? Presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes will be quantitatively measured by extracting their prevalence or concentration, depending on the reviewed study. Methods. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane database and Web of Science for original articles published from 01-Jan-2000 to 03-Sep-2018 with language restriction. Articles will undergo a relevance and a design screening process. Data from eligible articles will be extracted by two independent reviewers. Further, we will perform a risk of bias assessment using a decision matrix. We will synthesize and present results in narrative and tabular form and will perform a meta-analysis if heterogeneity of results allows it. Discussion. Antibiotic resistance in environmental samples around wastewater treatment plants may pose a risk of exposure to workers and nearby residents. Results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will allow to estimate the extend of exposure, to inform policy making and help to design future studies.

scholarly journals Microbiota analysis of rural and urban surface waters and sediments in Bangladesh identifies human waste as driver of antibiotic resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Stuart McInnes ◽  
Md. Hassan uz-Zaman ◽  
Imam Taskin Alam ◽  
Siu Fung Stanley Ho ◽  
Robert A. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

AbstractIn many low- and middle-income countries antibiotic resistant bacteria spread in the environment due to inadequate treatment of wastewater and the poorly regulated use of antibiotics in agri- and aquaculture. Here we characterised the abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in surface waters and sediments in Bangladesh through quantitative culture of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing coliforms and shotgun metagenomics. Samples were collected from highly urbanised settings (n = 7), from rural ponds with a history of aquaculture-related antibiotic use (n = 11) and from rural ponds with no history of antibiotic use (n = 6). ESBL-producing coliforms were found to be more prevalent in urban samples than in rural samples. Shotgun sequencing showed that sediment samples were dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (on average 73.8% of assigned reads), while in the water samples Cyanobacteria (on average 60.9% of assigned reads) were the predominant phylum. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected in all samples, but their abundance varied 1,525-fold between sites, with the highest levels of antibiotic resistance genes being present in urban surface water samples. We identified an IncQ1 sulphonamide resistance plasmid ancestral to the widely studied RSF1010 in one of the urban water samples. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.73; P = 8.9 × 10−15) with the abundance of bacteria originating from the human gut, which suggests that the release of untreated sewage is a driver for the spread of environmental antibiotic resistance genes in Bangladesh, particularly in highly urbanised settings.ImportanceLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have higher burdens of multidrug-resistant infections than high-income countries and there is thus an urgent need to elucidate the drivers of the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in LMICs. Here we study the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in surface water and sediments from rural and urban settings in Bangladesh. We found that urban surface waters are particularly rich in antibiotic resistance genes, with a higher number of them associated with plasmids indicating that they are more likely to spread horizontally. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes was strongly correlated with the abundance of bacteria that originate from the human gut, suggesting that uncontrolled release of human waste is a major driver for the spread of antibiotic resistance in the urban environment. Improvements in sanitation in LMICs may thus be a key intervention to reduce the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes from houseflies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Zobayda Farzana Haque ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽  
Md. Abdul Kafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Background and Aim: Houseflies (Musca domestica) are synanthropic insects which serve as biological or mechanical vectors for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria responsible for many infectious diseases. This study aimed to detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria from houseflies, and to examine their resistance genes. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 houseflies were captured using sterile nylon net from seven places of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh. Immediately after collection, flies were transferred to a sterile zipper bag and brought to microbiology laboratory within 1 h. Three bacterial species were isolated from houseflies, based on cultural and molecular tests. After that, the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against commonly used antibiotics, by the disk diffusion method. Finally, the detection of antibiotic resistance genes tetA, tetB, mcr-3, mecA, and mecC was performed by a polymerase chain reaction. Results: The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (78.6%), Salmonella spp., (66.4%), and Escherichia coli (51.4%). These species of bacteria were recovered from 78.3% of isolates from the Mymensingh Medical College Hospital areas. Most of the isolates of the three bacterial species were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin and amoxicillin and were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and azithromycin. Five antibiotic resistance genes of three bacteria were detected: tetA, tetB, mcr-3, and mecA were found in 37%, 20%, 20%, and 14% isolates, respectively, and no isolates were positive for mecC gene. Conclusion: S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli with genetically-mediated multiple antibiotic resistance are carried in houseflies in the Mymensingh region. Flies may, therefore, represent an important means of transmission of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with consequent risks to human and animal health.

scholarly journals Do wastewater treatment plants increase antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daloha Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
Petra Mang ◽  
Heike Schmitt ◽  
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc ◽  
Katja Radon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Water from human activities is collected at wastewater treatment plants where processes often do not sufficiently neutralize antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, which are further shed into the local environment. This protocol outlines the steps to conduct a systematic review based on the Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome (PECO) framework, aiming at answering the question Are antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae and antimicrobial resistance genes present (O) in air and water samples (P) taken either near or downstream or downwind or down-gradient from wastewater treatment plants (E), as compared to air and water samples taken either further away or upstream or upwind or up-gradient from such wastewater treatment plant (C)? Presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes will be quantitatively measured by extracting their prevalence or concentration, depending on the reviewed study. Methods. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane database and Web of Science for original articles published from 01-Jan-2000 to 03-Sep-2018 with language restriction. Articles will undergo a relevance and a design screening process. Data from eligible articles will be extracted by two independent reviewers. Further, we will perform a risk of bias assessment using a decision matrix. We will synthesize and present results in narrative and tabular form and will perform a meta-analysis if heterogeneity of results allows it. Discussion. Antibiotic resistance in environmental samples around wastewater treatment plants may pose a risk of exposure to workers and nearby residents. Results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will allow to estimate the extend of exposure, to inform policy making and help to design future studies.

scholarly journals Do wastewater treatment plants increase antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daloha Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
Petra Mang ◽  
Heike Schmitt ◽  
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc ◽  
Katja Radon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Water from human activities is collected at wastewater treatment plants where processes often do not sufficiently neutralize antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, which are further shed into the local environment. This protocol outlines the steps to conduct a systematic review based on the Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome (PECO) framework, aiming at answering the question “Are antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae and antimicrobial resistance genes present (O) in air and water samples (P) taken either near or downstream or downwind or down-gradient from wastewater treatment plants (E), as compared to air and water samples taken either further away or upstream or upwind or up-gradient from such wastewater treatment plant (C)?” Presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes will be quantitatively measured by extracting their prevalence or concentration, depending on the reviewed study. Methods We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane database and Web of Science for original articles published from 1 Jan 2000 to 3 Sep 2018 with language restriction. Articles will undergo a relevance and a design screening process. Data from eligible articles will be extracted by two independent reviewers. Further, we will perform a risk of bias assessment using a decision matrix. We will synthesize and present results in narrative and tabular form and will perform a meta-analysis if heterogeneity of results allows it. Discussion Antibiotic resistance in environmental samples around wastewater treatment plants may pose a risk of exposure to workers and nearby residents. Results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will allow to estimate the extend of exposure, to inform policy making and help to design future studies.

Towards improving the antibiotic elimination capacity of UiO-66 from contaminated water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rojas ◽  
Ana Torres ◽  
Victor Dato ◽  
Fabrice Salles ◽  
David Ávila-Brande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Elimination Capacity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Environmental Toxicity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Antibiotics are found in natural waters, raising the concerns about their human and environmental toxicity and wide occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The antibiotic resistance crisis is attributed to the...

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Emi Nishimura ◽  
Masateru Nishiyama ◽  
Kei Nukazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.

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