The Comparison and Exploration of the Subject Difference between Lamentations and Lament of Capital Ying

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Zhengyi MO
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Subject Difference

Lamentations and lament of capital Ying are models of city lament in ancient Hebrew-and Chinese classical literary traditions respectively. A comparative study shows that there are significant subject difference between lamentations and lament of capital Ying . Lamentations is the collective works, and its compilation and inheritance function as emotional expression of sufferings of the past, present and future of the Jewish people, reflecting their infinite belief of transcendent God . In contrast, lament of capital Ying is the creation of Qu Yuan, and under the influence of the sage's commitment to the mandate of heaven by his individual virtue. The poetry expresses Qu Yuan’s personal grief through a special literary technique and its succession and experience in later generations are mainly individual. The subject difference of two poetry is a reflection of different development trajectories of the humans-transcendent relationship in Hebrew- and the Chinese civilizations of the Axial Age.

Dlaczego w koncepcji Jaspersa postać Jezusa znajduje się poza „czasem osi”?

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Spirit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual History ◽  
Whole Earth

Karl Jaspers’s concept of the Axial Age (German: Achsenzeit), or the unprece- dented age of the highest rise of the human spirit, shows the kinship of people belonging to such different civilizations as Greek, Jewish, Hindu and Chinese. The Axial Age is not only the subject of research for many scholars dealing with the past, but also a possible foundation for the future realization of the peaceful unity of people of the whole Earth. The article focuses on the figure of Jesus, considered by Jaspers as one of the four paradigmatic individuals (German: die maßgebenden Menschen), i.e. people with the greatest influence in the spiritual history of humanity. Therefore, the presence or absence of Jesus in the Axial Age will bring serious consequences. The article presents Jaspers’s arguments for recognizing the period between the 8th and 2nd century BC as the Axial Age, and the possibility of expanding it.

Ontology Formation and Comparison for Syllabus Structure Using NLP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoom Raza ◽  
Aditee Patil ◽  
Mangesh Bedekar ◽  
Rashmi Phalnikar ◽  
Bhavana Tiple
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Collection And Management

Ontologies are largely responsible for the creation of a framework or taxonomy for a particular domain which represents the shared knowledge, concepts and how these concepts are related with each other. This paper shows the usage of ontology for the comparison of a syllabus structure of universities. This is done with the extraction of the syllabus, creation of ontology for the representing syllabus, then parsing the ontology and applying Natural language processing to remove unwanted information. After getting the appropriate ontologies, a comparative study is made on them. Restrictions are made over the extracted syllabus to the subject “Software Engineering” for convenience. This depicts the collection and management of ontology knowledge and processing it in the right manner to get the desired insights.

scholarly journals Reading the intentions of be going to. On the subjectification of future markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Budts ◽  
Peter Petré
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Late Modern

Abstract This paper provides a detailed corpus-based account of the formal and functional changes that be going to underwent in Late Modern English. Despite be going to’s popularity, such studies remain rare for this period, in which the construction’s grammaticalization went through a second phase. Our analysis shows that the first half of the eighteenth century witnessed a shift from intention to prediction, which originated in contexts with third person subjects. Reporting the intention of others generally involves a certain amount of guesswork, which eventually resulted in the creation of an additional, epistemic layer of prediction, reinforced by the gradual extension of be going to to express non-imminent future situations. It is argued that this shift involves an increase in subjectivity, as the emphasis gradually moved away from the grammatical subject to the speaker: what mattered was no longer the intentions of the subject, but the knowledge of the speaker about them. Attention is also drawn to parallel developments in other future markers, particularly will. Interestingly, and in spite of significant differences, each of these went through an intermediary stage that involved past tense uses with reference to a future in the past, which was already known to the speaker.

Comparing Communist Nations: Prospects for an Empirical Approach

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Emerging Nations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Comparative Study

The past decade has witnessed a rapid, but uneven, growth in comparative studies. While certain types of political systems have received the lion's share of attention, others have remained backwaters of comparative research, experiencing little or no development in the application of comparative techniques. The comparative study of communist states, until recently, fell into the latter category—relatively neglected and certainly not enjoying the reputation and prestige of work with newly emerging nations or Western political systems.Now this state of affairs is undergoing a change, or at least the promise of one. In the past several years, the possibility of developing comparative techniques in the study of communist political systems has become the object of growing interest and has provoked not a little discussion and debate.1The opportunities and the problems that face this field—especially in developing empirically oriented comparative analysis—are the subject of the present article.

scholarly journals Transgenerational Transmission of Holocaust Trauma and Its Expressions in Literature

Genealogy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Nir
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Transgenerational Transmission ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shadow It

Trauma is a central concept in the historiography of the Holocaust. In both the historiographical and the psychoanalytical research on the subject, the Holocaust is perceived not as a finite event that took place in the past, but as one that continues to exist and to affect the families of survivors and the Jewish people. In the 1950s–1960s, evidence began emerging that Holocaust trauma was not limited to the survivors themselves, but was passed on to the next generation born after the Holocaust and raised in its shadow. It is possible to see the effects of growing up in the shadow of the Holocaust and transgenerational transmission of trauma in many aspects of the second-generation children’s lives. In this article, I examine the representations of these symptoms in David Grossman’s novel See Under: Love, which deals with the subject of the Holocaust through the perspective of Momik, a child of Holocaust survivors. Grossman teaches us that writing itself has the potential to heal. He also shows us that every one of us contains both victim and aggressor, and that, under certain circumstances, the “Nazi beast” may awaken within each of us.

scholarly journals Attitűd és értésmód: egy irodalmi korszakváltás alapfogalmai

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál S. Varga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Periodical Change

Szilárd Borbély described the periodical change in poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th century as a ”shift in the attitude of literary texts” and as a transformation of ”literary understanding”. The turning away from the late Baroque and Classic poetry – which both followed inherited models of genre – came when the narrator received a unique identity, and the reader began to understand the text as an expression of the Self. This change can be pointed out in Sándor Kisfaludy’s cycle of poems, Kesergő szerelem (1802), which influenced the creation of Csokonai’s own cycle of love poems. The temporalization of the attitude towards the textual genre happened in the poetry of Ferenc Kölcsey. The narrators of Kölcsey’s Vanitatum vanitas and Hymnus create their identity by uniquely reflecting on the genre and dislocating the ready-made meanings. The peak of the transition is the inventive formation of history by means of poetry and language. The epic poetry of Mihály Vörösmarty structures language in a way that makes the mythical recounting of origin possible for the subject attempting to establish an identity in the past. Yet this language brought about the paradox of excluding the subjective from the expression. The concept emphasizing the formation of the attitude that reflects on the genre by language is not only a re-interpretation of 18th-19th century Hungarian poetry, but it is obviously close to the postmodern poetic method which is attributed to Halotti pompa [The Splendours of Death].

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

Lot's Offer of his Daughters to his People in the Torah and the Qur'an: A Comparative Study in Two Parts (Part One)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-224
Author(s):  
ʿĀʾiḍ B. Sad Al-Dawsarī
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The story of Lot is one of many shared by the Qur'an and the Torah, and Lot's offer of his two daughters to his people is presented in a similar way in the two books. This article compares the status of Lot in the Qur'an and Torah, and explores the moral dimensions of his character, and what scholars of the two religions make of this story. The significance of the episodes in which Lot offers his daughters to his people lies in the similarities and differences of the accounts given in the two books and the fact that, in both the past and the present, this story has presented moral problems and criticism has been leveled at Lot. Context is crucial in understanding this story, and exploration of the ways in which Lot and his people are presented is also useful in terms of comparative studies of the two scriptures. This article is divided into three sections: the first explores the depiction of Lot in the two texts, the second explores his moral limitations, and the third discusses the interpretations of various exegetes and scholars of the two books. Although there are similarities between the Qur'anic and Talmudic accounts of this episode, it is read differently by scholars from the two religions because of the different contexts of the respective accounts.

Makna Alif dalam Puisi Zikir D. Zawawi Imron dan Sajak Alif Ahmadun Yosi Herfanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sholeha Rosalia ◽  
Yosi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation

Alif means the first, saying the Supreme Life and is Sturdy and has the element of fire and Alif is formed from Ulfah (closeness) ta'lif (formation). With this letter Allah mementa'lif (unite) His creation with the foundation of monotheism and ma'rifah belief in appreciation of faith and monotheism. Therefore, Alif opens certain meanings and definitions of shapes and colors that are in other letters. Then be Alif as "Kiswah" (clothes) for different messages. That is a will. "IQRO" is a revelation that was first passed down to the Prophet Muhammad. Saw. Read it, which starts with the letter Alif and ends with the letter Alif. The creation of a poem is influenced by the environment and the self-reflection of a poet where according to the poet's origin, in comparing in particular Alif's poetry from the two poets. The object of this research is the poetry of Zikir by D. Zawawi Imron and Sajak Alif by Ahmadun Yosi Herfanda. This study uses a comparative method and sociology of literature. Through a comparative study of literature between the poetry of Zikir D. Zawawi Imron and Sajak Alif Ahmadun Yosi Herfanda, it is hoped that the public can know the meaning of Alif according to the poet's view. With this research, the Indonesian people can accept different views on the meaning of Alif in accordance with their respective understanding without having to look for what is right and wrong. The purpose in Alif is like a life, in the form of letters like a body, a tree that is cut to the root, from the heart is split to the seeds, then from the seeds are split so that nothing is the essence of life. So, it is clear that Alif is the most important and Supreme letter. Talking about the meaning of Alif as the first letter revealed on earth. After the letter Alif was revealed, 28 other Hijaiyah letters were born. The letter Alif is made the beginning of His book and the opening letter. Other letters are from Alif and appear on him.

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