scholarly journals Targets of medical-psychological assistance for medical university students with adaptation disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
M. M. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Medical University

Background. In the course of work is to identify and develop a system of measures for psychotherapeutic correction on the basis of identification and comprehensive evaluation of clinical and psychological manifestations and mechanisms of formation of maladaptive states in medical students. Objective – to comprehensively study the mechanisms of formation of students’ maladaptation states and develop a system of their psychotherapeutic correction and psychoprophylactic support in a medical institution of higher education. Materials and methods. Complying with the principles of bioethics and deontology, 412 students of the 2-5 academic years of the Kharkiv National Medical University (KhNMU), of both sexes, at the age of 17-22 years, were examined. All the surveyed people were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 215 students-inhabitants of the Eastern Ukraine; Group 2 consisted of 87 students-residents of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, who entered the study at the KhNMU before the ATO; Group 3 consisted of 110 students-migrants from the ATO zone. Results. Students-migrants have a higher level of adaptation disorders, compared with the students of the first and second groups. It was established that the structure of adaptation disorders is represented by depressive, neurasthenic, anxious and dissociative syndrome complexes. Prognostically significant elements in the formation of adaptation disorders are excitability and imbalance, proneness to conflicts in relationships, disturbing confidence, disorganization of behavior, failure to self-regulation, inability to successfully overcome stressful situations, act in conditions of uncertainty, rigidity, and focusing on traumatic and negative feelings. According to the results of the pathopsychological examination, high levels of somatization, depression and anxiety by the SCL-90-R scale; the prevalence of severe depressive and anxiety episodes by the Hamilton scale; clinical manifestations by the hospital anxiety and depression scale were characteristic for the examined students with disorders of adaptation. Based on the data obtained, a system of medical and psychological support of the medical student during the study period was developed, which envisages the use of complex differentiated psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational and psychoprophylactic influences. Conclusions. Against the background of the psychotherapeutic correction, a positive dynamic of the psychological state was noted: rapid reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms, reduction of the level of neuro-psychic tension, increase of students’ psychophysical activity, positive change of coping strategy.

scholarly journals Clinical-psychological and pathopsychological features of mental disadaptation of students at a medical higher educational institution

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
M. M. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Special Period ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical University

Background. Education in university is a special period which characterized by a high level of stress and stress. In recent years, the prevalence of adaptation disorders has been growing in the student population, which is a significant medical, psychological and social problem, adversely affecting the effectiveness of future professional activities. Objective – to develop a system of psychotherapeutic correction and psycho-prophylactic support during the period of professional education on the basis of a systematic approach to studying the mechanisms of formation of mental disadaptation states of medical students. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 412 students of II – V courses of the Kharkov National Medical University of both sexes and aged 17–22 years was conducted. All examined were divided into three groups: 1 group - 215 students - were residents of eastern Ukraine; 2 group - 87 students - were residents of the Lugansk and Donetsk regions, who entered the KNMU before the start of the ATO; 3 group - 110 students - were immigrants from the anti-terrorist operation zone. We used such research methods: clinical and psychopathological; anamnestic; psychodiagnostic and statistical. Results. It has been established that the structure of adaptation disorders is represented by depressive, neurotic, anxious and dissociative syndrome complexes. Based on the obtained data, we have developed a system of medical and psychological support for a medical student during the education period, which provides for the use of complex psychotherapeutic, psycho-educational and psychoprophylactic actions. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed system of medical and psychological support has been proved. The positive dynamics of the mental state, the rapid reduction of anxious and depressive symptoms, the normalization of the emotional state, the increase in the psychophysical activity of students, the change of coping strategies to constructive ones have been established.

scholarly journals Effects of Prolonged Light Exposure on the Concentration of Some Hormones, Mineral Metabolic Exchange and Immunity Parameters in Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
T. V. Gorbach ◽  
◽  
O. K. Balak ◽  
S. N. Martynova ◽  
O. V. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Medical University

In this work, we studied the influence of artificially prolonged daylight on the concentration of some hormones, the state of mineral metabolism, and immunity in students. Material and methods. The study involved 50 second-year students (44 girls and 6 boys) of Kharkiv National Medical University with different chronotypes. All students were on a proper diet, did not play sports, did not have any chronic diseases, and were healthy during the study period. Students were divided into 2 groups: 1) waking period from 5:00 to 23:00 (25 people), 2) waking period from 8:00 to 3:00 (25 people). Saliva was collected after careful oral hygiene at 8 a.m., 12 a.m., 4 p.m., and 12 p.m. Results and discussion. Our study showed that the artificial prolongation of daylight reduces the concentration of melatonin, especially at night (at the peak of secretion). It is established that at the artificial prolongation of the light day there is an inversion of a rhythm of thyroid's hormones secretion, decrease in their maximum concentration which probably is connected with the adaptation of an organism to an active mental activity at night. The obtained results showed that in students with the evening chronotype, the concentration of cortisol reduced both during the day and at 24 hours, which was probably associated with a decrease in melatonin secretion and its regulatory effect on the adrenal glands. Decreased concentrations of melatonin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones led to the impaired functional activity of the immune system, as evidenced by a decrease in secretory immunoglobulin and lysozyme in the saliva of students with evening chronotype, compared with students with morning chronotype of activity. Changing circadian rhythms of thyroid hormone secretion, reducing their concentration and cortisol content led to the development of metabolic disorders. We noted that dysfunction of mineral metabolism in students with evening chronotype caused a decrease in the concentration of calcium, magnesium, zinc in the saliva of students. The identified characteristics indicate that prolonged daylight reduced the ability to maintain the daily balance of the studied nutrients, which may be a manifestation of desynchrony. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in the saliva of students in the second group in the morning and the evening was significantly lower than in students of group 1, which indicated an absolute deficiency of immunoglobulin and, accordingly, a decrease in immunity with prolonged daylight. Students of group 2 also had a decrease in the content of lysozyme in saliva, which indicated a decrease in the degree of antibacterial protection. The peculiarities in the content of immunoglobulin A and lysozyme are most likely associated with a decrease in the concentration of melatonin. Conclusion. The artificial prolongation of daylight decreased the melatonin concentration in saliva and cortisol concentration. It also caused an inversion of secretion rhythm of thyroid hormones. The students with evening chronotype had a decrease in immunoglobulin A concentration, decrease in lysozyme in saliva and disturbance in a mineral metabolism

A comprehensive evaluation of academic performance of undergraduate and postgraduate students, interns and fellows at the Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
O.Ye. Sichkoriz ◽  
◽  
T.S. Kolach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Final State ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
National Medical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical University

The integral part in the system of healthcare workforce education is determining the quality index of the specialists' training and analysis of educational achievements of students. Aim. To evaluate academic performance of undergraduate and postgraduate students, interns and fellows at the Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv. To study the influence of diverse factors on the outcomes of the final attestation, and work out regressive models concerning the results of the final attestation of the students, interns and fellows of each of the specialties. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out among the interns at the Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv who underwent the final state attestation in 2018, in regard with the following criteria: the results of the licenced exams "Step-1 (Krok-1)", "Step-2 (Krok-2)", "Step-3 (Krok-3)"; the mean grade received for the state exams, and the results of the final attestation. The statistical analysis was performed by means of multiple correlative-regressive analysis. Adequacy and reliability of the obtained statistical models were evaluated using Fisher criterion. Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, it was established that the highest results of the licenced exams "Step-1", " Step-3", the state exams, and the final attestation were achieved by the interns in specialty "Emergency medicine"; the interns in specialty "Internal medicine" demonstrated the highest scores of the exam "Step-2". The lowest results of the licenced exams "Step-1" and "Step-2" were registered in the interns inspecialty "Pediatrics"; similar results of the \exam "Step-3", state exams, and the final attestation were achieved by the interns in specialty "Dentistry". A direct correlation between the results of the licenced exams "Step-1", "Step-2", and "Step-3", state exams, and the final attestation among the interns of all specialties of the LNMU in 2018 (р<0,05) was substantiated. Conclusions. The most influential factor in predicting the results of the final attestation are the results of "Step-3"; the second prediction factor is the mean grade of the state exams. Mathematical prediction of the results of the final attestation has important practical implications , because it assists with timely identification ofof the group of interns with high risks of failure and subsequent early intensifying of their academic activities. Key words: undergraduate and postgraduate education, interns, licenced exam, result of the final attestation

scholarly journals The Systematic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Double Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110249
Author(s):  
G Adas ◽  
Z Cukurova ◽  
K Kart Yasar ◽  
R Yilmaz ◽  
N Isiksacan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this clinical trial was to control the cytokine storm by administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to critically-ill COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the healing effect, and to systematically investigate how the treatment works. Patients with moderate and critical COVID-19 clinical manifestations were separated as Group 1 (moderate cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), Group 2 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), and Group 3 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally plus MSCs transplantation therapy of three consecutive doses on treatment days 0, 3, and 6, (as 3 × 106 cells/kg, intravenously). The treatment mechanism of action was investigated with evaluation markers of the cytokine storm, via biochemical parameters, levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, analyses of tissue regeneration via the levels of growth factors, apoptosis markers, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and granzyme-B, and by the assessment of the immunomodulatory effects via total oxidant/antioxidant status markers and the levels of lymphocyte subsets. In the assessment of the overall mortality rates of all the cases, six patients in Group-2 and three patients in Group-3 died, and there was no loss in Group-1. Proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-2, IL-12, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-13, IL-1ra, and growth factors TGF-β, VEGF, KGF, and NGF levels were found to be significant in Group-3. When Group-2 and Group-3 were compared, serum ferritin, fibrinogen and CRP levels in Group-3 had significantly decreased. CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, HLA-DR +, and CD16 + / CD56 + levels were evaluated. In the statistical comparison of the groups, significance was only determined in respect of neutrophils. The results demonstrated the positive systematic and cellular effects of MSCs application on critically ill COVID-19 patients in a versatile way. This effect plays an important role in curing and reducing mortality in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Development of Postpartum Depression in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Qian Ding ◽  
Nan Shan ◽  
Hongbo Qi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Support Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) and preeclampsia (PE) are both common diseases in obstetrics that affect maternal health and infant development. However, the relationship between the two diseases still requires clarification. Objective. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the incidence rate of PPD in patients with PE and (2) identify the association between the prevalence of PPD and the severity of PE. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of women with and without PE who delivered between January 1, 2017, and August 30, 2018, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. We used a questionnaire survey methodology that included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to test the influence of PE on the development of new-onset PPD in the 6 weeks after delivery. We determined PPD based on a score ≥10 on the EPDS. Bivariate analysis was used to compare data between the two groups. Results. A total of 180 women participated in this study. Thirty-five people screened positive for PPD, while the remaining 145 screened negative. The prevalence of PPD was 26.67% (24/90) in patients with PE, which was two times the prevalence in normal women (12.22%). Multiple logistic regression showed that women who had PE had nearly 3-fold increased odds of PPD compared to normal women and the risk of PPD increased with the aggravation of PE. Patients with severe PE had a more than 4-fold increased risk of screening positive for PPD. Conclusion. PE was independently associated with PPD. Furthermore, the risk of PPD seemed to increase with the aggravation of PE. Thus, additional prevention efforts and support methods should be provided for women with PE to reduce the incidence of PPD.

Role of antioxidant therapy in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
E.K. Shavarova ◽  
◽  
E.R. Cazakhmedov ◽  
M.V. Alekseeva ◽  
L.G. Ezhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Active Intervention Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is characterized by high mortality and the lack of effective etiotropic therapy. Activation of oxidative stress may be one of the links in the pathogenesis of organ damage of this infection. Objective. To assess the ability of Mexidol® to influence the rate of clinical improvement in pneumonia caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus in hospitalized patients with the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 and concomitant discirculatory encephalopathy. 62 patients over the age of 18 years with confirmed new coronavirus disease COVID-19 according to computed tomography (CT) of the lungs (stages CT1, CT2, CT3) and PCR of a swab from the nasopharynx and oropharynx for SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA were included. After randomization patients of group 1 received an infusion of Mexidol® at a dose of 1000 mg/day, patients of group 2 – an infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution for 7 days. Compared with the control group, the patients receiving Mexidol® therapy showed a significantly more pronounced decrease in body temperature, a tendency towards a decrease in the severity of shortness of breath. In the Mexidol® group, the concentration of superoxidedismutase did not change, while in the control group there was a tendency to its decrease, C-reactive protein decreased 2.2 times more than in the control group (p = 0.09). There was a tendency for a more rapid decrease in ferritin in the active intervention group. Mexidol® therapy can have a positive effect on the clinical manifestations and severity of laboratory-inflammatory syndrome in patients with the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. Key words: coronavirus disease COVID-19, oxidative stress, Mexidol

Neurorehabilitation in the Early Recovery Period of Ischemic Stroke. Pharmacology Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Denys N. Khramtsov ◽  
Olexandr N. Stoyanov ◽  
Tetiana N. Muratova ◽  
Olexandr R. Pulyk
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Cholinergic Agents ◽  
Early Recovery Period ◽  
Medical University

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome in the use of neuroprotective agents in the acute period of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: The study was performed on the basis of the stroke of the Center for Reconstructive and Rehabilitation Medicine (University Clinic) of the Odessa National Medical University. A retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of 115 patients with acute stroke was conducted. Results: An average NIHSS score at discharge was 4.1±0.1 points when treated with no refinery, then it reached 3.6±0.1 points when using peptidergic drugs, and 3.4±0.1 when using D-fdf. 3.1±0.1 points. When using D-FDF, the MMSE score was 3.5±0.1 points, whereas when using cholinergic agents, this index did not exceed 26.9±1.5 points, and when using peptidergic agents - 26.8±1.4 points. Conclusion: The use of neuroprotective agents positively affects the effectiveness of neuro-rehabilitation in patients with acute stroke. The best results in three months after the hospitalization were obtained for peptidergic agents and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate.

scholarly journals The human sacrum shape: metamorphoses and relation of its parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V.G. Cherkasov ◽  
O.V. Malikov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Sacroiliac Joint ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
National Medical ◽  
University Department ◽  
Medical University

The human sacrum shape and its metamorphoses should be considered due to their effect, primarily mechanical, predisposing for the vertebral column function evolution. The aim of the study is to define the human sacrum shapes and explain for such variability. The object of the study is represented with 68 sacrums obtained from the review collection of anatomical study preparations of the Bogomolets National Medical University Department of Anatomy. Each of the known human sacrum shapes represents the stage of the process of “sinking” of the sacral vertebrae bodies into the sacrum, with simultaneous fixation of external apices of their lateral parts in the sacroiliac joint. Generally, metamorphoses of the sacrum shape make up an accommodation for the new mechanical conditions as well as causal external factors. The sacrum continuously sustains multiple factors’ effects in each moment of the human life, which affects its shape and metamorphoses. The analysis of the human sacrum shape and functions reveals important instances: first, certain parts of the sacrum don’t preserve permanent relations; secondly, alterations in these relations keep to a certain sequence. This issue permits us to consider various sacrum shapes as sequential stages of the same process, occurring in the human body.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in children with nucleotide sequence alterations in the FZD4 gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
L. A. Katargina ◽  
V. V. Kadyshev ◽  
E. V. Denisova ◽  
E. A. Geraskina ◽  
A. V. Marakhonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
National Medical

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)is a rare genetically heterogeneous disease with multiple types of inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked) and widely varying clinical features. Up to 40 % of cases of FEVR are associated with mutations of the FZD4 gene.Purpose: to investigate the clinical manifestations of FEVR in children with nucleotide sequence alterations in the FZD4 gene. Material and methods. The Helmholtz National Medical ResearchCenter of Eye Diseases and the ResearchCentre for MedicalGenetics conducted a joint in-depth ophthalmological examination of 18 patients aged from 3 weeks to 17 years with a diagnosis of FEVR, which included a detailed ophthalmoscopy under drug mydriasis, ultrasound and electrophysiological examination, photographic recording of fundus changes using RetCam and Fundus Foto. Molecular genetic examination was carried out by direct sequencing according to Sanger. Results. Nucleotide sequence alterations in the FZD4 gene were detected in 3 patients(16.7 %)from two unrelated families. In one family, a 12-year-old girl wasfound to display the firstsymptoms of ophthalmic pathology (reduced vision, strabismus) at the age of 3.5 years. In another family, the clinical manifestations of FZD4 gene mutations were observed in two children during the first year of life (at the age of 5 and 11 months).Conclusions. The clinical picture of 3 patients with detected changes in the nucleotide sequence of the FZD4 gene is characterized by early manifestation and bilateral asymmetric ophthalmoscopic damage. The results of the study indicate the need for a timely diagnosis of FEVR in young children, recommend an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the disease, which should contribute to a better understanding of pathogenesis, and the development of an effective diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation algorithm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document