scholarly journals THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA (MONTENEGRO, SE EUROPE): ANNOTATED CHECKLIST, DISTRIBUTION ATLAS, HABITATS AND LIFE-FORMS, TAXONOMIC, PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Danka Caković ◽  
Slobodan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
City Area ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The City

The paper presents a taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical study of the native and alien flora of the urban area of Podgorica (Capital of Montenegro, SE Europe). The surveyed terrain extends over 86 km2, and apart from the urban it also entails the peri-urban zone. The checklist of vascular plants of the urban area includes1222 species and subspecies from 561 genera and 121 families which represents a little over a third of the total flora of Montenegro. The richness and diversity of the city’s flora are caused by the local geomorphology and climatic conditions of the area, the high diversity of habitats with different anthropogenic impact and the increased immigration of plants from the surrounding ecosystems. Concerning the distribution of the species number by quadrant in  the city area of Podgorica ther is no gradient between growing number of species and distance from the urban core. However, if the distribution of the number of taxa per habitat is taken into consideration, it is clear that the homogeneity of habitats and the increase in the urbanisation leads to decline of the number of wild growing taxa. The families represented by the highest number of taxa are Poaceae (11.5%), Asteraceae (11.2%) and Fabaceae (9.2%). while the genera represented most are Trifolium (2.1%), Euphorbia (1.4%), Carex, Ranunculus and Bromus (1.3 each%), Veronica (1.2%), Allium (1.1%), Vicia and Lathyrus (1% each). Apart from the expected high presence of synanthropic, ruderal and ruderal-segetal taxa, the flora of Podgorica is characterised by a significant number of typical urbanophobes. Comparing to the flora of selected European cities (Zurich, Vienna, Rome, Patras and Thessaloniki), Podgorica showed the biggest similarity with Rome (Sørensen’s quotient of similarity (Q/S)= 69.4). The general life form spectrum  has therophytic-hemicryptophytic character, which, on one hand, reflects the climatic conditions and on the other the intensive urbanisation of the surveyed area. Like in the spectrum of other Mediterranean cities, the participation of the geophytes is relatively high (11.7%). Conserning phenology, Podgorica is a city in which no interruption of vegetation growth and something is always in flower. The majority of plants flower in May, the smallest number flowers in December. Regarding the ecological temperature index, dominating in the city area are thermophilic plants (T7 and T8), an indication of the Mediterranean character of the city area. Prevalent in terms of the light index are heliophyllic plants (L7 and L8), conditioned by exposure of the terrain to sunlight, as well as by the degradation of the primary forest cover and the domination of open and sunny habitats. Dominant in terms of soil reaction are neutrophilic and neutro-basophilic species (R5 and R7), and in terms of nutrients oligotrophic plants (N2 and N3). Dominating in terms of the humidity index are H3 and H4 plants, as expected considering the climatic conditions and hydrography of the area. The phytogeographic spectrum of Podgorica fits into the general spectrum of South European cities and is characterised by the prevailing presence of Mediterranean species s.l. (39.7%). The participation of aliens is relatively small (14.1%), probably due to the short history of the settlement and the poorly developed transportation and trading networks. Dominant among aliens are taxa of Asteraceae (15.7%) and plants of Asian (43%) and North American origin (23.2%). The most aggressive aliens in the city area are Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia annua, A. verlotiorum, Bidens subalternans, Broussonetia papyrifera, taxa of the genus Erigeron, Symphyotrichum squamatum and Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum.The comparative analysis of selected habitat types in the area of Podgorica showed that two habitat types are distinguished by prominent floristic richness: meadows (46.1%) and dikes along railroad tracks (32.1%). Due to constant degradation and loss of habitat in the strict urban zone of Podgorica which on one hand causes the loss of native flora, and on the other facilitates the expansion of the alien flora, we expect the effect of the biotic homogenisation to be noticeable in the area of Podgorica.The allergenic flora of Podgorica includes 253 taxa of wild vascular plants whose pollen has been grouped into three categories: woody plants pollen (32 taxa), weed pollen (76 taxa) and grass pollen (145). Tree pollen is present from February to April, while weed and grass pollen from April to October.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Urban Thermal Fingerprint of the City of Trento in the Alps

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Giovannini ◽  
Dino Zardi ◽  
Massimiliano de Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Urban Cool Island ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The City ◽  
Diurnal Maximum

AbstractThe temperature contrasts typically marking urban heat island (UHI) effects in the city of Trento, Italy, located in an Alpine valley and inhabited in its inner urban area by a population of about 56 000, are investigated. Time series of air temperature data, collected at an urban weather station, in the city center, and at five extraurban stations are compared. The latter are representative of rural and suburban areas, both on the valley floor and on the valley sidewalls. It is found that the extraurban weather stations, being affected by different local-scale climatic conditions, display different temperature contrasts with the urban site. However, the diurnal cycle of the UHI is characterized by similar patterns of behavior at all of the extraurban weather stations: the UHI intensity is stronger at night, whereas during the central hours of the day an “urban cool island” is likely to occur. The diurnal maximum UHI intensity turns out to be typically of order 3°C, but under particularly favorable conditions it may be higher than 6°C. An urban cool island effect is also detected, which is probably caused by the compactness of the inner urban area, and displays typical diurnal maximum intensities of order 1.5°C. As to the seasonal dependence, at the extraurban weather stations on the valley floor the UHI intensity tends to be slightly stronger during dry months, whereas on the valley sidewalls it is mainly influenced by the seasonal lapse-rate changes. Further weather factors, such as wind speed and cloud cover, also affect urbanization effects, making them weaker with stronger winds and cloudier skies.

scholarly journals Changes in the Meaning of Primary Elements of the European Region in Medan City, Sumatra Island, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.7) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ully Irma Maulina Hanafiah ◽  
Antariksa . ◽  
Purnama Salura
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
European Region ◽  
Function Form ◽  
City Area ◽  
Sumatra Island ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
The City

The urban area consists of systems and sub-systems that have relationships with each other like a network. The development and changes in urban space are believed to influence the relationship between systems and also the meaning of all elements forming the urban spatial area. This also happens to the primary elements which are signs for the urban area. Given the changes in the city area, the existence of the primary elements as signs of a city area needs to be explored. The study is carried out on the primary elements in the city area which has a relatively complete city function. The case study is the European region in the center of Medan city, the capital of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This is a descriptive-analytical and interpretative-qualitative research. It aims to reveal all relationships that are intertwined in the function, form and meaning of the primary elements. The results of the study concluded that changes in primary elements as signs of the region shifted from symbolic meaning to pragmatic meaning.   

scholarly journals Building Transversal Solidarities in European Cities: Open Harbours, Safe Communities, Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052098052
Author(s):  
Ilker Ataç ◽  
Kim Rygiel ◽  
Maurice Stierl
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Civil Society Organisation ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The City

Over the past years, we have seen a rise in political mobilisations in EUrope and elsewhere, by and in solidarity with migrant newcomers. This article focuses on specific examples of what we conceptualise as transversal solidarities by and with migrants, and rooted in the city, the focus of this special issue. The examples we explore in this article include: Trampoline House, a civil society organisation which provides a home to migrant newcomers in Copenhagen; Queer Base, an activist organisation in Vienna providing support for LGBTIQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer) migrants; and finally, the Palermo Charter Process, a coalition of diverse groups seeking to create open harbours and ‘corridors of solidarity’, from the Mediterranean to cities throughout EUrope. While these examples are situated in and across different urban spaces, they share a common grounding in building solidarity through spaces of encounters related to ideas of home, community, and harbour. By exploring these distinct solidarity initiatives in tandem, we examine, on the one hand, how the production of spaces of encounters is linked to building transversal solidarities and, on the other, how transversal solidarities also connect different spaces of solidarity across different political scales.

scholarly journals Building Rejuvenation Approach Through Revitalization, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment - Case of Vertical Housing in Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04036
Author(s):  
Apriansyah Saputra ◽  
Hendrajaya Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Land Value ◽  
City Center ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
The City

Jakarta, as the center of government, trading, business, and industry becomes the main destination for many migrants to find jobs. This results in the massive population increase in Jakarta every year while the urban area availability has contrast proportion with the needs of housing area. The limited urban area, as well as the increase of land value, is not possible to build new housing area in the city center. The solution of this problem is rejuvenation of the buildings that have already existed. In this case, the writers carry the rejuvenation case of the vertical housing in Kebon Kacang XI that is close to the age limit of the building and has looked slum thus created visibility gap between the vertical housing and the other housing areas and could get the gentrification results. Besides, Kebon Kacang XI vertical housing is located in the center of Jakarta and has increasing BCR so that it is able to maximize the unit of building capacity to fulfill the needs of affordable houses in the city. The aims of this paper are to find out and to compare three different forms of rejuvenation as the solution of housing area provision for the low-income people in the city center through revitalization, rehabilitation, and redevelopment approach.

scholarly journals Between Hospitality and Inhospitality: The Janus-Faced 'Arrival Infrastructure'

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Maxime Felder ◽  
Joan Stavo-Debauge ◽  
Luca Pattaroni ◽  
Marie Trossat ◽  
Guillaume Drevon
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New City ◽  
The City

Although ‘arrival infrastructure’ is central to the experience of migrants arriving in a new city, is it sufficient to form a ‘hospitable milieu’? Our article compares newcomers’ experiences with ‘arrival infrastructure’ in two European cities: Brussels and Geneva. Based on ethnographic research with 49 migrants who arrived a few months earlier, we show that arrival infrastructure is Janus-faced. On one hand, it welcomes newcomers and contributes to making the city hospitable. On the other hand, it rejects, deceives and disappoints them, forcing them to remain mobile—to go back home, go further afield, or just move around the city—in order to satisfy their needs and compose what we will call a ‘hospitable milieu.’ The arrival infrastructure’s inhospitality is fourfold: linked firstly to its limitations and shortcomings, secondly to the trials or tests newcomers have to overcome in order to benefit from the infrastructure, thirdly to the necessary forms of closure needed to protect those who have just arrived and fourthly to those organising and managing the infrastructure, with divergent conceptions of hospitality. By using the notion of milieu and by embedding infrastructure into the broader question of hospitality, we open up an empirical exploration of its ambiguous role in the uncertain trajectories of newcomers.

scholarly journals Alien flora of the city of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Biljana Lubarda ◽  
◽  
Ljiljana Topalić-Trivunović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
The City

In the urban area of Banja Luka, 77 species of alien plants have been found, most of them neophytes (64.94%) while a smaller percentage are archeophytes (35.06%). Most of the plants originate from America (34), and Asiatic species rank second (17). Most of the alien plants belong to the Compositae family, in terms of life form are therophytes, and intention has been involved in their arrival in this area.The anthropogenic change indicator values have been shown to have a significant anthropogenic impact on the overall flora.

scholarly journals The city life of youths in Greenland

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jette Rygaard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Small Town ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
City Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
The City

Abstract In traditional Greenlandic literature as among the critics of modern civilisation, modernisation and urbanisation correspond to alienation, loneliness, urban misery, and stress. On the other hand, more and more people try to get to the big cities. An urban centre like Nuuk seems to be a success. In contrast, the small remote settlements in Greenland continuously face major problems of social disorders and poverty because of extreme living costs and unemployment. In this article, life in the city is discussed through the eyes of youths from Nuuk and the rural East Greenlandic small town of Ittoqqortoormiit. The data come from three succeeding projects, CAM I-II-III, which included photos and texts from young Greenlanders between 10 and 20 years of age regarding themes such as “my school,” “my friends,” “my media,” and “my city.” An analysis of the material produced reveals that the views of these young people fit urban theories concerning life style and behaviour; rural dwellers submitting to a life with close connections and tranquillity opposite to the hectic city dwellers’ life in an urban area.

scholarly journals Flora of the city of Podgorica, Montenegro: Taxonomic analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Stesevic ◽  
S. Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Check List ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Floristic Study ◽  
The City

In this paper we present the taxonomic segment of a floristic study undertaken in the city of Podgorica in the period of 2002-2007. The check-list of spontaneously growing vascular plants includes 1227 species and subspecies belonging to 545 genera and 118 families. The dominant families are Poaceae (11.7%), asteraceae (11.2%) and Fabaceae (9.2%). The most abundant genera are Trifolium (2.1%), Euphorbia (1.5%), Carex (1.5%), Bromus (1.3%) and Vicia (1.2%). Analysis of the flora of Podgorica in comparison with some other european cities showed that the flora of Podgorica is most similar to that of Rome (Q/S= 0,7).

scholarly journals How the urban environment affects the microclimate and the building energy demand for the City of Rome

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vallati ◽  
Luca Mauri ◽  
Chiara Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Urban heat island has significant impacts on buildings? energy consumption. The phenomenon is associated with increased urban air temperatures compared to the air temperature of the surrounding rural or suburban areas. The ambient air temperature growth due to climate changes and the urban heat island phenomenon are dramatically increasing the cooling demand in buildings. This is worsened by irradiation conditions, construction technologies, and subjective comfort expectations. This paper examines the impact of the urban environment on the energy demand of buildings, considering the case of two districts of the city of Rome, Italy: one is representative of a central zone, the other of a rural zone. Weather data were then used to calculate the thermal demand of a typical Italian building, ideally located in the monitored areas of the city. Standalone building with modified weather file was modeled in TRNSYS. Results show that urban heat island intensity causes an increase in cooling demand up to +33% for the urban area (+20% for the rural area) compared to the demand calculated using weather data from airportual areas. On the other hand, urban heat island intensity has a positive effect on heating demand which turns out to decrease up to -32% for the urban area (-14% for the rural area).

Aerobiology of Grass Pollen in the City Atmosphere of Melbourne: Quantitative Analysis of Seasonal and Diurnal Changes

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Smart ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Pollen Season ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
The City

Quantitative data on the seasonal and diurnal incidence of grass pollen in the atmosphere of Melbourne have been obtained by using two Burkard spore traps sited 11 km apart. Grass pollen concentrations are compared with pollen of other plants and fungal spores over two pollen seasons, 1975-76 and 1976-77. At the height of the 1975-76 pollen season, grass pollen concentrations were greatest at night, while at the end of the same season the peak occurred in the late afternoon as has been reported for several European cities. The aerobiological patterns are compared with the time of pollen release in the field from plants of ryegrass (Lolium perenne).

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