scholarly journals A STUDY OF FEMALE IN CONTEXT TO DREAM VERSUS REALITY IN BHARATI MUKHERJEE’S JASMINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Jagdish Joshi ◽  
Surekha Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Bharati Mukherjee ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
The U.S

Female has been dominated by patriarchal society since ages. Her voice does not have any significance or importance in Indian society. Women have all potentialities and abilities like men; still they are not recognized or appreciated as equal to men. This is the predicament of women who confine women in restricted social codes and norms. Her individual self has no reorganization in the patriarchal society. Women’s duties were confined to the specific areas especially household works. Her dreams never convert into reality due to the rigid mindset of patriarchal. Bharti Mukherjee is one of the eminent female writers who write about women and the problems faced by them and so that we can say women are at the center of her texts. Bharati Mukherjee deals with the themes of Indian Women particularly the problem of cross-cultural predicament and crisis. Her work has helped to break the silence on some women's issues which were not discussed in the past due to the fear of prevailing attitude of patriarchy. To raise people's awareness, she writes particular about what she sees around her. She writes how the female protagonist tries to tackle the problem of loss of endeavors to assume a new identity in the U.S. She leaves her country to fulfill her dreams and wishes but reality was totally different. Mukherjee introduces us to the various changes that her novel’s main protagonist Jasmine goes through, as she journeys from the world of rural Indian Punjab to that of America’s Mid-West, discovering her American dream in the process. At last she realizes that self-independence is not to be an Indian or American but to be at peace with herself.

White Skin Privilege: Modern Myth, Forgotten Past

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Peter Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
White Slavery ◽  
White Skin ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Preference ◽  
European Women ◽  
Modern Myth

Abstract European women dominate images of beauty, presumably because Europe has dominated the world for the past few centuries. Yet this presumed cause poorly explains “white slavery”—the commodification of European women for export at a time when their continent was much less dominant. Actually, there has long been a cross-cultural preference for lighter-skinned women, with the notable exception of modern Western culture. This cultural norm mirrors a physical norm: skin sexually differentiates at puberty, becoming fairer in girls, and browner and ruddier in boys. Europeans are also distinguished by a palette of hair and eye colors that likewise differs between the sexes, with women more often having the brighter hues. In general, the European phenotype, especially its brightly colored features, seems to be due to a selection pressure that targeted women, apparently sexual selection. Female beauty is thus a product of social relations, but not solely those of recent times.

Ushering in the Millennium, Or How an American City Reversed the Past and Single-Handedly Inaugurated the End-Time

Prospects ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 35-67
Author(s):  
Paul E. Chevedden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
American City ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The U.S

The story of millennialism extends down the ages from the ancient Near East to the present. In his seminal study on the origins of millennialism,Cosmos, Chaos and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith, Norman Cohn exclaims, “What a story it has become!”Much theological speculation; innumerable millenarian movements, including those now flourishing so vigorously in the United States; even the appeal once exercised by Marxist-Leninist ideology – all this belongs to it. Nor is there any reason to think that the story is nearing its end. The tradition whose origins are studied in this book is still alive and potent. Who can tell what fantasies, religious or secular, it may generate in the unforseeable future?What fantasies, indeed!All scholars who have studied millennialism have investigated unsuccessful movements, or movements that have yet to succeed, that is, achieve the millennium. This essay explores a successful millennial movement, one that has already ushered in the messianic age. Although this achievement is restricted geographically — to a city — it is nonetheless of major significance. Not only did this millennial movement receive support from the U.S. federal government, but it also accomplished its goal prior to the turn of the millennium.

scholarly journals Editor’s Essay: Moving beyond Western Corporate Perspectives: On the Need to Increase the Diversity of Risk and Crisis Communication Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Audra Diers-Lawson ◽  
Florian Meißner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organizational Crises ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Blind Spots

The field of crisis and risk communication research has experienced significant growth and increasing institutionalization in the past decades. However, there are still geographic and perspective blind spots. Up to date, by far the most research focuses on the U.S.; non-Western perspectives remain marginal. Moreover, the focus on organizational crises still clearly dominates. We therefore call for more research better reflecting the global environment and diverse crisis and risk contexts in which our field can make contributions. This argument is supported by the current pandemic mandating cross-cultural and multi-perspective approaches.

“Metempsychosis” and “Marvelous Affinities”: Re-Imagining the Past in the Ilyāḏah by Sulaymān al-Bustānī (1904) and in the Divano di ʿOmar ben al-Fared by Pietro Valerga (1874)

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Benigni
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Histories

Abstract This article focuses on the image of the past in two translations produced in the contexts of the Arab Nahḍah and of the Italian Risorgimento. The first translation is the Italian rendering of ʿOmar ibn al-Fāriḍ’s mystical poems, published in 1872 by Pietro Valerga (1821-1903). The second is the Arabic translation of the Iliad, published in 1902 by Sulaymān al-Bustānī (1856-1925). Both translators refer to the past as a translation strategy: Pietro Valerga reads Ibn al-Fāriḍ through the verses of Petrarch and, in his work’s introduction, emphasizes the transmission of medieval Arab poetry to Italy; Sulaymān al-Bustānī reconstructs the world of the Iliad through Arabic poetic tradition and compares Greece to the ǧāhiliyyah (pre-Islamic age). The article sheds light on the potential of translation as a space of re-imagination of the past and invites us to read the works as two distinct, yet akin, attempts to express original interpretations of Italian and Arabic literary histories based on syncretism and cross-cultural translatability.

Maquiladora Operations for Shipbuilding

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Gary Laughlin ◽  
Guillermo Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
The U.S

The maquiladora program was established by the Mexican Government to encourage foreign investment and promote industrial growth. The success of the program encourages more and more participation each year. The low cost of labor in Mexico has attracted U.S. companies in all types of manufacturing with the exception of shipbuilding. With the focus on the domestic shipbuilding market over the past 25 years, U.S. shipyards have lacked the impetus to establish a maquiladora operation. The world market for shipbuilding has been steadily improving, while the U.S. domestic market has been steadily decreasing. The opportunities for U.S. shipyards to focus their strategies on the world market may not get any better. By understanding the complexities of establishing a maquiladora operation and then integrating the operation into its overall production plan, a shipbuilder can begin to realize that large labor cost savings are possible.

Civil War and Rebellion in Burma

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Short History ◽  
Moral Ground ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
High Moral Ground ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

1988 was unlike any other year in Burma's short history as an independent nation. It began quietly, but erupted into a revolution for democracy and change which failed when the army violently restored its dictatorship; it ended quietly, but with the people living in fear under a military determined not to be challenged openly again. During this same period, while the world focused on Rangoon, the minorities continued to pursue a civil war which some have been fighting for the past forty years, hopeful that the changing situation in Burma's heartland would effect their struggles because both they, and the Burmans who rose in revolt, have the same enemy and seek the same ends — a peaceful and democratic Burma. Both looked to and sought help from the free nations of the world who spoke out vigorously when the rebellion began but whose voices either have been lowered or even stilled since the military made clear that it would decide the time and degree of change; only the U.S. continued to hold the high moral ground in support of the rebellion but its actions hardly matched its rhetoric.

A Social Gospel for India

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Phoenix
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Young Women's Christian Association ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anglo Indian ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Christian Woman

This article discusses the ways that secretaries in the U.S. Young Women's Christian Association (USYWCA) used the Social Gospel to create a type of imagined community, which I call Y-space, in India. In the United States, USYWCA secretaries emphasized Social Gospel ideals such as the personal embodiment of Christ-like behavior, inclusivity, and working for the progress of society. In India, USYWCA secretaries used these same ideas to try to make Y-space an alternative to both the exclusive, traditional, British imperial “clubland” and the growing Hindu and Muslim nationalist movement. Instead, they promoted an idealized Americanized Anglo Indian/Christian woman who would engage in civic matters and embody Christian values, and serve as an alternative to the Britishmemsahib, and the Hindu nationalist woman. Despite the USYWCA's efforts to distinguish itself from British imperialists, the secretaries' attempts to create these Americanized Indian women reveals that that the USYWCA supported transforming Indian society according to imposed Western models, in much the same way as the British.

The Global Ocean Observing Component of IOOS: Implementation of the Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate and the Path Forward

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Levy ◽  
Derrick Snowden ◽  
Candyce Clark ◽  
Kathleen Crane ◽  
Howard J. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Generation System ◽  
World Community ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe global ocean observing system for climate, which comprises the global in situ component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System, has now achieved about 61% of its initial design goal. Although this observing system, implemented cooperatively by over 70 countries worldwide, serves multiple applications, it is designed primarily to address climate requirements defined by the international Global Climate Observing System. The U.S. contribution to the system, described here, is implemented as an interdependent set of observational subsystems that constitute about half of the over 8,000 observing platforms deployed by the world community. Although much work remains to complete the initial global observing system, scientific advances of the past decade have identified the need to deploy a second-generation system that integrates biogeochemical and ecological observations with the primarily physical and carbon-related oceanographic observations that form the backbone of the initial observing system.

Japan's Foreign Aid after the San Francisco Peace Treaty

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saori N. Katada
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe year 2001 marks the fifty-year anniversary of the San Francisco Peace Conference that concluded the U.S. occupation of Japan, and defined the future course of Japan's foreign relations with the rest of the world, particularly with Asia. During these fifty years, Japan transformed itself from a war-devastated nation of poverty and instability to the second richest economy of the world after the United States. Japan's foreign relations with Asia remains of critical importance, and Japan's foreign aid, the largest of the world in the past decade, contributed significantly in shaping the relationship.

Exploring the Past of the ‘Other’: the Practice of U.S. History in Mexico

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Leidenberger
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Mexican War ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Opposition Movement ◽  
The U.S

In the courses on U.S. history I teach in Mexico, this speech by Maine congressman Severance serves well to illustrate arguments of the opposition movement to the U.S.-Mexican War. Severance offers a variety of reasons for his anti-war stand, but to my students I like to emphasize this particular one, for it follows a logic contrary to their nationally-framed perceptions. What Severance suggests here, is that these two countries share a common identity, namely that of being “the two largest republics of the world” based on “the principles of civil liberty and elective government,” and that therefore they ought not to be at war. My insistence on a perspective that views the commonalities of the two countries' historic experiences has been futile, however, when teaching about a war that resulted in the “transfer” - to put it in neutral terms - of over half of Mexico's national territory to the U.S. Students are little impressed by this congressman's (and my own) argumentation and stress instead what divides Mexico and the U.S., not only with regard to this historical event, but also with regard to the countries' pasts as a whole. For instance, in a conference at a university in Toluca, my efforts to make my audience understand the internal dynamics of U.S. foreign policy during the 19th century not only appeared to fall on deaf ears but also provoked nearly hostile reactions.

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