scholarly journals On the importance of the macro-social factors that can determine the quality of research

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ivan Bajomi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
Social Scientific

In our paper, we will present some of the findings that we have obtained in the framework of an international research1. Although the call for papers of this conference did not exactly mention the topics we are about to introduce, we decided to present our results here since we find them rather challenging.On one hand, it is in fact important to study the different mechanisms that can be introduced in the higher educational sector in order to assure quality in research (for example, creation of a policy of quality assurance within the institutions, or make it possible to find and follow up every single research, or introducing a protocol to be followed in terms of the documentation of the scientific researches etc). But on the other hand, it is also important to investigate into the conditions of research at the macro-sociological level, so at the level of the nation-state (in fact, such investigations could deal with the role of the supra-national agencies also, these latter having a growing influence on research activities.)Our first research results in the last ten-fifteen years of educational research in Hungary show that the researches in the second part of the 20th century dealing with the working mechanisms of the educational system were in fact heavily influenced by some macro-sociological factors. First, one has to keep in mind that the majority of these researches were lead by publicly founded and managed research institutions, first of all by the Ministry of Education. Second, the Hungarian case also reveals the importance of the general characteristics of the ruling political regimes, for example, authoritarian functioning (like censorship and the hostility toward critical reflection) may constitute a serious barrier to social scientific research, particularly for educational research. As it will be demonstrated, this was particularly the case for Hungary in the first phase of pure communist dictatorship.Third, research can be hindered simply by the lack of money. In this respect, one has to keep in mind that in general in Hungary and in many other countries these are the political authorities who are in the position to commission researches.1 "žKnow and Pol" research is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission under Priority Seven (Citizens and Governance) of the Sixth RTD Framework Programme. It deals with the relationship between knowledge and policy. For more information: www.knowandpol.euAnd of course, the presence of some or all of these barriers decreases the likeliness of commissioning (on behalf of the State) any big researches with the aim of studying a given public policy. In fact, even if Hungary became a pluralistic democracy from the end of the 1980ies on, where the liberty of opinion and human rights are respected, researches can still be hindered by institutional and financial dependence of the investigations.In what follows we will try to outline the evolution of the institutional framework that in Hungary determined the nature of the researches on the educational system.

Deliberation in Communication Studies

2018 ◽  
pp. 501-517
Author(s):  
John Gastil ◽  
Laura Black
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Public Sphere

The discipline of communication encompasses a broad spectrum of humanistic, interpretive, and social scientific approaches to studying public deliberation. Early work engaged Habermasian theories of the public sphere, and rhetorical scholarship has foregrounded the deliberative threads running back to the discipline’s earliest history in ancient Greece. The bulk of contemporary work, however, has examined the dynamics of deliberation, particularly in the context of face-to-face discussions and dialogues in small groups. These studies have revealed the importance of narrative and dialogic exchanges during deliberation, as well as the critical role of facilitation and the maintenance of deliberative norms. Research has also assessed the practical consequences of participating in deliberation. The discipline’s practical orientation has led some scholars to seek ways to optimize deliberative designs to maximize simultaneously the quality of their decision outputs and their civic impacts on participants.

scholarly journals The Role of Good School Environment on the Quality of School Activities in Qatif Zone Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiah Saeed Ali Alobaidan - Ali Alghazo
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Good School ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
School Activity

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between the well prepared school environment and the quality of schools activities that are directed to students' benefits. This study follows the mixed methods design that combines both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The research tools that are used in this study is a closed-ended e-survey for school activity leaders and interviews with 5 supervisors. The non-random pilot of this research consists of (23) school activity leaders from elementary, intermediate and secondary schools and (5) supervisors in Qatif zone. The research findings pointed out the real effective well-prepared school environment role on the good quality outcomes of school activities in Qatif Area, and that most schools lack the application of quality in school activities. This research will shed light on how effective is the well prepared school environment to enrich the kinds and the effectiveness of school activities according to the quality standards of the Ministry. This emphasizes the role of the Ministry of Education to exert more efforts to prepare schools with required facilities and equipment to facilitate the quality of school activities.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoints Expression in Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Righi ◽  
Valentina Vaira ◽  
Letizia Corinna Morlacchi ◽  
Giorgio Alberto Croci ◽  
Valeria Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Hla Antibodies ◽  
Restrictive Allograft Syndrome ◽  
And Function ◽  
Shed Light

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the main cause of poor survival and low quality of life of lung transplanted patients. Several studies have addressed the role of dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, donor specific as well as anti-HLA antibodies, and interleukins in CLAD, but the expression and function of immune checkpoint molecules has not yet been analyzed, especially in the two CLAD subtypes: BOS (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome) and RAS (restrictive allograft syndrome). To shed light on this topic, we conducted an observational study on eight consecutive grafts explanted from patients who received lung re-transplantation for CLAD. The expression of a panel of immune molecules (PD1/CD279, PDL1/CD274, CTLA4/CD152, CD4, CD8, hFoxp3, TIGIT, TOX, B-Cell-Specific Activator Protein) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in these grafts and in six control lungs. Results showed that RAS compared to BOS grafts were characterized by 1) the inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio; 2) a higher percentage of T lymphocytes expressing the PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4 checkpoint molecules; and 3) a significant reduction of exhausted PD-1-expressing T lymphocytes (PD-1pos/TOXpos) and of exhausted Treg (PD-1pos/FOXP3pos) T lymphocytes. Results herein, although being based on a limited number of cases, suggest a role for checkpoint molecules in the development of graft rejection and offer a possible immunological explanation for the worst prognosis of RAS. Our data, which will need to be validated in ampler cohorts of patients, raise the possibility that the evaluation of immune checkpoints during follow-up offers a prognostic advantage in monitoring the onset of rejection, and suggest that the use of compounds that modulate the function of checkpoint molecules could be evaluated in the management of chronic rejection in LTx patients.

scholarly journals Peran Supervisi Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di MTs Negeri Kulon Progo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Legiman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Education Personnel

This research aims to determine the role of the head of Madrasah in improving the quality of education in MTs Negeri 4 Kulon Progo, and to help improve the competency of teachers in the learning activities with a real, measurable, controlled, directional program to achieve learning objectives. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are: 1) supervision of the head of the district of the state of the principal of the school 4 Kulon Progo includes education, managerial, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator, and motivator; 2) The role of quality improvement is done by increasing the professionalism of teachers by giving opportunities to teachers; 3) Factors affecting the implementation of the head of the Madrasah include: the planning, implementation and follow-up that is carried out continuously to the teachers and education personnel.

scholarly journals Understanding coaching efficacy in education through activity systems: privileging the nuances of provision

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Lofthouse ◽  
Anthea Rose ◽  
Ruth Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Activity Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coaching Efficacy ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Specific Challenge

PurposeThe research demonstrates the role of activity systems based in Cultural Historical Activity Theory as a means of analysing characteristics and efficacy of specific provisions of coaching in education.Design/methodology/approachThree examples of coaching in education were selected, involving 51 schools in England. The three examples were re-analysed using activity systems. This drew on existing evaluation evidence, gathered through interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and recordings of coaching.FindingsIn each example, the object of the coaching was to address a specific challenge to secure the desired quality of education. Using activity systems it is possible to demonstrate that coaching has a range of functions (both intended and consequential). The individual examples illustrate the potential of coaching to support change in complex and diverse education settings.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of existing data from evaluations means that direct comparisons between examples are not made. While data were collected throughout the duration of each coaching programme no follow-up data was available.Practical implicationsThe analysis of the examples of coaching using activity systems provides evidence of the efficacy of specific coaching provision in achieving individually defined objectives related to sustaining and improving specific educational practices.Originality/valueThe research offers insights into how coaching in education might be better tuned to the specific needs of contexts and the challenges experienced by the individuals working in them. In addition, it demonstrates the value of activity systems as an analytical tool to make sense of coaching efficacy.

Glioma patient-reported outcomes: patients and clinicians

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002699
Author(s):  
Marthe Peeters ◽  
Germaine Ottenheijm ◽  
Paul Bienfait ◽  
Daniëlle Eekers ◽  
Anja Gijtenbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Routine Assessment

IntroductionRoutine assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in oncology has shown to improve the quality of the delivered care and to prolong survival. However, for successful implementation of routine assessment of PROs, more knowledge on their usability in clinical practice is needed.ObjectiveThis study aimed to cross-sectionally assess the perspective of patients and clinicians on the practicality of routinely measuring PROs in clinical practice for glioma patients.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted evaluating the role of healthcare professionals (HCP) in discussing results of PRO measures (PROMs), and the preferred topics, methods and frequency of PRO assessment. Glioma patients, their proxies and HCPs involved in the treatment of glioma patients from eight centres in the Netherlands were included.ResultsTwenty-four patients, 16 proxies and 35 HCPs were interviewed. The majority of patients, proxies and HCPs (92%, 81% and 80%, respectively) were willing to discuss PRO results during consultations. Although HCPs prefer that results are discussed with the nurse specialist, only one-third of patients/proxies agreed. Functioning of daily life was considered important in all three groups. Most participants indicated that discussion of PROM results should take place during standard follow-up visits, and completed at home about 1 week in advance. On group level, there was no preference for administration of questionnaires on paper or digitally. Lastly, all centres had staff available to send questionnaires on paper.ConclusionThis study shows that routine assessment of PROs is desired by patients, proxies and HCP’s in neuro-oncological care in Dutch hospitals.

Preventing exclusion: the role of therapists and parents in the inclusion of a disabled child in the education system

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXXII (5) ◽  
pp. 370-386
Author(s):  
Monika Gałkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kruś-Kubaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
School Education ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Stressful Experience ◽  
Role Of Parents

Choosing an educational system for a disabled child already at the stage of pre-school education is a difficult and stressful experience for parents, which regardless of the final decision, raises many doubts. Certain questions arise: ‘where there is a place in the education system for the child with a disability certificate?’, ‘where the child can develop best?’, but also ‘where the child simply feels happy and does not experience exclusion?’. Many things depend on the level of the child’s disability, on key choices made by parents, and on the quality of cooperation, both in the three-way parent-therapist-child relationship, but also in the two-way parent-child and therapist-child relationships. Parents more and more often make decisions about inclusive education, where a child can develop amongst non-disabled peers. This article focuses primarily on the role of parents and therapists in the process of including a disabled child in the education system, the potential of cooperation, but also the fears, difficulties and expectations accompanying both sides.

Exploring the scope of homoeopathy in combating the unfortunate consequences of post-COVID-19 survivors based on non-COVID conditions: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Dixit ◽  
Nibha Giri ◽  
Shishir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The long-term consequences of COVID-19 survivors care and post-coronavirus infection are not yet well understood. The review aims to see whether homoeopathy can help COVID-19 survivors recover from its consequences and improve their quality of life. Content A systematic search of published articles for post-COVID sequelae and the impact of Homoeopathy were conducted. For the literature search, the major electronic bio-medical database PubMed/MEDLINE was used. In addition, supplementary searches were conducted through the references of those published articles. Summary A total of 113 records were identified of which 61 studies included for this review. Homoeopathy is effective in the treatment of mental disorders including anxiety and depressive disorder (ADD), some research studies have found, although systematic reviews disagree. Likewise, some medical societies denounce homoeopathy for pain management; other literature shows that it can be used to treat pain effectively. Homoeopathy can aid in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as Crataegus, a homoeopathic medication, was found to be just as effective as a standard angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and diuretic treatment for minor cardiac insufficiency. The outcomes for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Influenza, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTIs) are also promising. Outlook Based on the results of homoeopathy in non-COVID conditions, it can be thought of in the management of post-COVID-19 outcomes. Consequently, we propose that while investigating post-COVID-19 patient rehabilitation, homoeopathic management may be included as part of the follow-up route and as much data as possible in the context of homoeopathy should be collected, so that in future, the role of homoeopathy in dealing with it can be better demonstrated.

Psychiatry’s ethical involvement in gender-affirming care

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Gender Reassignment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Physical Treatments

Objective: To reflect on the role of psychiatry in authorising physical treatments for Gender Dysphoria and to examine the quality of evidence for gender-reassignment. Method: A Medline search was performed with the subject term “transsexualism” or “gender dysphoria” and “outcome” or “follow-up” in the title. Studies published from 2005 onwards reporting psychosocial outcomes were selected for review. Results: Most available evidence indicating positive outcomes for gender reassignment is of poor quality. The few studies with robust methodology suggest that some patients have poor outcomes and may be at risk of suicide. Conclusion: The author raises questions about the implications for ethical treatment of transgender individuals.

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