Antibiogram Pattern of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Domestic Dog Faecal Matter in Port Harcourt Metropolis

This study investigated the potential pathogenic bacteria that are associated with domestic dog stool in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Convenience sampling techniques were used for sample collection outcome. A total of fifty dog stool samples were collected aseptically into a sterile stool container from different locations (Agip Estate, Rumuokoro Community, Government Residential Area, Sand-fill Borokiri, Port Harcourt Township, and Rivers State University lecturers’ quarters) all within Port Harcourt City. Bacteriological analysis was determined using standard microbiological analytical and identification techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 for frequency, percentage, prevalence rate and correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. Potential pathogens with associated percentages that were isolated are E coli (20.0%), Klebsiella species (16.0%), Pseudomonas species (4.0%), Proteus species (28.0%), Bacillus species (4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.0%), and unidentified [other Staphylococcus species] (4.0%). However, the research further revealed that Proteus species (28.0%), was the most prevalent pathogen, while Bacillus species (4.0%), Pseudomonas species (4.0%), and Streptococcus species (4.0%), were the least prevalent among pet dogs studied. The correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between isolates with socio-demographic data of pet owner and Pet biodata respectively. From the analysis, correlation coefficient values of .269 and .124 were obtained for Age of Pet Owner and Gender of Owner respectively. It also show a direct correlation but by implication, a very weak, non-significant (p<0.05) relationship existed between the organisms isolated and the variables (Age of Pet Owner and Gender of Pet Owner). However, no relationship exists between isolates and visit to vet Doctor (r-0.038; p>0.05). Furthermore, negative non-significant correlation (p>0.05) was observed for marital status of Pet Owner (r=-.158) and Age of Pet (r=-.023) and isolate. Also, correlation association between isolates and some risk factors using the correlation analysis matrix revealed an indication of an indirect but moderate association between isolates and Caressing (r=-.347, p=0.01). However, other risk factors like vaccination (r=.042), Feeding Pattern(r=.125), Pet Bathing (r=.220) and Eating with pet in same plate (r=.146), did not prove statistical significance at p>0.05. The results from the study strongly suggest that pet dogs carry potential pathogenic organisms in their faecal matter that can serve as a source of infection to the pet owners. It is, therefore, very critical that these pets should be treated and possibly vaccinated frequently, even as their faecal matters should be well disposed to prevent possible zoonotic infectious epidemic outbreak in our global communities.

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Physicochemistry and Heavy Metal Characteristics of Waste Products from Abattoir Activities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i430183 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Azuonwu, Testimonies Chikanka ◽

David N. Ogbonna ◽

John Onwuteaka

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Waste Products ◽

Faecal Matter ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Service Water ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wastewater Samples

The upsurge of abattoir operations as a result of the rise in demand for meat protein has led to a corresponding increase in waste generation. These wastes are often channelled into nearby streams with little or no treatment which exposes aquatic organisms to the resultant consequences of this waste deposition. This study was thus aimed at determining the physicochemical quality of some abattoir samples in Port Harcourt city. Soil, faecal matter, wastewater, waste blood and service water samples from the Iwofe, Rumuodomaya and Trans-Amadi abattoirs were collected within a period of one year and the pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), sulphate, chloride, temperature, nitrate, ammonia and heavy metals quantities including chromium, lead, zinc, cobalt, copper and cadmium were determined using standard techniques. The study recorded high BOD5 and COD values from the blood, faecal matter, soil and wastewater samples while service water samples had values within the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality limits. Seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters of the samples collected both in the wet and dry seasons were observed. The pH values ranged from 6.2-8.5, BOD5 of blood, faecal matter soil and wastewater ranged from 2124-4349 mg/l while the COD ranged from 2715-8820 mg/l. In Rumuodomaya, the BOD5 and COD ranged from 2276-2727 mg/l and 2583-3245 mg/l respectively while samples from Trans-Amadi abattoir had values for BOD5 and COD ranging from 2253-4330 mg/l and 2931-4597 mg/l, respectively. Nitrate, chromium, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, lead and copper contents in the different locations varied statistically at α-0.05 while no significant difference was observed for pH, ammonia, temperature, COD, BOD5, sulphate and chloride contents at α=0.05. The BOD5 and COD of waste blood, wastewater, soil and faecal matter recorded values that were above permissible limits for service water and therefore raises concern for the aquatic life being threatened by these effluents as the amount of dissolved oxygen available for them will be reduced as a pollution of the immediate environment, if these generated wastes are not treated before disposal.

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Antibiogram of Listeria and Salmonella Species Isolated from Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis nitolicus) and Snail (Archachatina marginata) Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2021/v21i330335 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 46-58

Author(s):

N. N. Odu ◽

D. N. Ogbonna ◽

V. Daminabo

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Land Snails ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Human Origin ◽

Drug Of Choice ◽

Food Borne ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

African Giant Snail

Land snails are ubiquitous creatures found on farms, forests and domesticated in homes. Bacteriological studies indicate that various potentially pathogenic bacteria inhabit different organs and tissues including the haemolymph of the African giant snail, the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the snails are a health threat to consumers and may cause food borne diseases/ infection. Pollution of aquatic environments with organic waste of animal and human origin may lead to transfer of pathogens to the fishes, thereby making them carriers of the pathogens. In this study antibiogram studies were carried out on the isolates from snail and tilapia fish to determine antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella species isolated from tilapia fishes and snails sold in Port Harcourt. One hundred and thirty two (132) samples were obtained from three different markets namely; Creek road, Mile one and Rumuokoro markets over a period of six months. Standard analytical protocols were employed to determine the bacteriological characteristics of the various parts such as intestine, flesh/meat, gills and fluid(snail). Antibiogram of Listeria and Salmonella species were determined using standard methods as recommended by CLSI. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and All pairs tukey-kramer. Results of Total heterotrophic bacterial count shows that snail samples had the highest number of bacterial count compared to frozen tilapia fishes. Mean Listeria spp. count for frozen tilapia fish ranged from 2.7 ±0.68 x104cfu/g to 2.9 ±0.23 x104cfu/g (flesh), 3.3 ±0.15 x104 to 3.7 ±0.35 x104cfu/g (gill), 3.8 ±0.44 x104 to 4.3 ±0.57 x104 cfu/g (Intestine), across the three markets, Mean Listeria spp. count for snail sample ranged from 0.7 ±0.29 x104 to 1.1 ±0.18 x104cfu/ml (Snail fluid) 1.1 ±0.18 x104 to 1.2 ±0.16 x104cfu/g (meat), 1.6 ±0.44 x104 to 1.9 ±0.57 x104cfu/g (Intestine) Creek road market. Mean total Salmonella count for frozen tilapia fish ranged from 1.0 ±0 x103cfu/g to 1.3 ±0.58 x103 (flesh), 1.0 ± 0 x103 to 1.6 ± 0.58 x103cfu/g (gills), 1.2 ±0.5 x103 cfu/g to 2 .0 ±1.41 x103 cfu/g (Intestine), across the three markets. Mean total Salmonella count for snail ranged from 1.0 ±0.58 x103 to 1.3 ±0 x103cfu/ml (fluid), 1.5 ±1.0 x103 to 1.7 ±0.96 x103cfu/g (meat), 1.7 ±0.96 x103cfu/g to 3.0 ±1.58 x103cfu/g (Intestine), across the three markets. Results of antibiogram revealed that all the Listeria species were 100% susceptible to Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gentamycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin and Ceftriaxone-sulbactam but 100% resistance to Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuxime while Salmonella species were 100% susceptible to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin and resistance to Cetazidime and Gentamicin, thus, these drugs should be considered the drug of choice for infections caused by these bacteria,

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Spatial Distribution of Bacterial Isolates from Different Abattoirs in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2019/v19i430201 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Azuonwu Testimonies Chikanka ◽

David N. Ogbonna

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

Faecal Matter ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Service Water ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Microbial Proliferation

The constituents of wastes generated from abattoir activities create conducive environment for microbial proliferation, most of which are pathogenic. Infections caused by these microorganisms could result to zoonoses. This study was to determine the distribution of bacterial isolates and their biomass from different abattoirs in Port Harcourt. Samples like waste blood, table swab, service water, faecal matter, soil and wastewater from abattoirs in Iwofe, Rumuodomaya and Trans-Amadi were collected from October 2017 to November, 2018 and analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Results obtained revealed that the total heterotrophic bacterial count of blood samples ranged from 8.33x101 to 3.33x102 cfu/ml for Trans-Amadi and Iwofe abattoirs, table swabs ranged from 6.74x104 to 4.88x106 cfu/ml, water samples ranged from 1.56x104 to 2.07x104 cfu/ml; faecal matter had THB counts ranging from 9.97x107 to 1.06x108 cfu/g; and soil samples ranged from 1.11x1010 to 1.17x1010 g, while wastewater counts ranged from 1.03x108 to 1.08x108 cfu/ml. The predominant Bacterial isolates were of the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Chromobacterium, Serratia sp. only was isolated from Iwofe and Rumuodomaya abattoirs within April to October while Chromobacterium sp. was isolated in Trans-Amadi and Rumuodomaya abattoirs within the months of May to October. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species occurred more compared to others in all the three locations. A higher percentage of microorganisms were recorded in the month of May compared to other months. It is presumed that abattoir wastes harbour many microorganisms of public health importance. The occurrence of these microbes, most of which are enteric pathogens, poses a public health challenge as infections by them could result in illnesses such as gastroenteritis, septicaemia and pneumonia especially in the absence of good hygiene around abattoirs. Proper sanitation in abattoirs as well as management of abattoir wastes is important in reducing the spread of these microorganisms.

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Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in Open Drains and its Public Health Implications for Water Resources in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria

International Journal of Waste Resources ◽

10.4172/2252-5211.1000303 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (04) ◽

Author(s):

David N Ogbonna ◽

Blessing A Erheriene

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Water Resources ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Health Implications ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Southern Nigeria

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Bacteriological Quality of Some Local Herbal Drugs Sold In Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Antibacterial Susceptibility of Isolates Compared with Clinical Isolates

Annals of Advanced Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.23880/aabsc-16000139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Amala Smart Enoch

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacteriological Quality ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Peptone Water

The world is witnessing an unprecedented rise in the use of herbal medicines. In Nigeria some individuals solely believe in the curative ability of local herbal drugs for the treatment of different forms of ailment. Most local herbal drugs are advertized to cure more than an aliment such as infections and hepatitis, diabetes and gastroenteritis, malaria, general body pain and weakness etc. The preparation and packaging of these local herbal medications are not carried out under appropriate hygienic conditions and they could be prone to contamination by potential pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of some local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria and their antimicrobial activity compared to some orthodox antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: Ten (10) different local herbal drugs were purchased from hawkers, examined for bacteriological quality and antibacterial activities. Each of the sample for bacteriological examination were diluted serially in sterile peptone water by pipeting 1mL of the neat to 9ml of sterile peptone water in a test tube and subsequently diluted to 105 and 0.01mL of the last dilution 105 were cultured on Nutrient and MacConkey agar plates. Susceptibility testing were carried out with the isolated bacteria. The susceptibility was compared with that of already identified clinical isolates of E. coli and S. aureus. Results: The results obtained showed E. coli (69.9%), S. aureus (18.9%), Klebsiella sp. (3.7%) and Bacillus sp. (7.5%) respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria from the local herbal drugs were 100% resistant to the orthodox drugs tested against them, whereas the clinical isolates tested were 50% susceptible to the orthodox drugs. The bacteria isolated from herbal drugs and the isolates from clinical specimens were 100% resistant to the local herbal drugs. Conclusion: The bacteriological qualities of the local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt were poor due to improper hygiene during processing and packaging. Bacterial isolates from the local herbal drugs were resistant to the local herbal drugs and the orthodox drugs. Contaminated local herbal drugs might serve as means of transmitting infections and medium for exchanging resistant genes by the contaminating bacteria. The antibacterial property of herbal drugs may have been altered by the activities of bacteria

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Probiotic Displaces Pathogenic Bacteria

Skin & Allergy News ◽

10.1016/s0037-6337(06)71394-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

ERIK GOLDMAN

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria

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Iron and Malaria: Absorption, Efficacy and Safety

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000035 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 80 (45) ◽

pp. 279-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Richard Hurrell

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Malarial Parasite ◽

Asymptomatic Malaria ◽

Iron Supplements ◽

Fortified Food ◽

Care Giving ◽

Single Meal ◽

Women And Children

Febrile malaria and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia substantially decrease iron absorption in single-meal, stable isotope studies in women and children, but to date there is no evidence of decreased efficacy of iron-fortified foods in malaria-endemic regions. Without inadequate malarial surveillance or health care, giving iron supplements to children in areas of high transmission could increase morbidity and mortality. The most likely explanation is the appearance of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in the plasma. NTBI forms when the rate of iron influx into the plasma exceeds the rate of iron binding to transferrin. Two studies in women have reported substantially increased NTBI with the ingestion of iron supplements. Our studies confirm this, but found no significant increase in NTBI on consumption of iron-fortified food. It seems likely that the malarial parasite in hepatocytes can utilize NTBI, but it cannot do so in infected erythrocytes. NTBI however may increase the sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocytes in capillaries. Bacteremia is common in children with severe malaria and sequestration in villi capillaries could lead to a breaching of the intestinal barrier, allowing the passage of pathogenic bacteria into the systemic circulation. This is especially important as frequent high iron doses increase the number of pathogens in the intestine at the expense of the barrier bacteria.

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