scholarly journals Investigation of Emerging Risk Factors and Isolation of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria from Domestic Dog Stool in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Azuonwu O ◽  
Kemsi B ◽  
G.N. Wokem ◽  
Njoku-Tony R.F
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pet Owner

This study investigated the potential pathogenic bacteria that are associated with domestic dog stool in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Convenience sampling techniques were used for sample collection outcome. A total of fifty dog stool samples were collected aseptically into a sterile stool container from different locations (Agip Estate, Rumuokoro Community, Government Residential Area, Sand-fill Borokiri, Port Harcourt Township, and Rivers State University lecturers’ quarters) all within Port Harcourt City. Bacteriological analysis was determined using standard microbiological analytical and identification techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 for frequency, percentage, prevalence rate and correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. Potential pathogens with associated percentages that were isolated are E coli (20.0%), Klebsiella species (16.0%), Pseudomonas species (4.0%), Proteus species (28.0%), Bacillus species (4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.0%), and unidentified [other Staphylococcus species] (4.0%). However, the research further revealed that Proteus species (28.0%), was the most prevalent pathogen, while Bacillus species (4.0%), Pseudomonas species (4.0%), and Streptococcus species (4.0%), were the least prevalent among pet dogs studied. The correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between isolates with socio-demographic data of pet owner and Pet biodata respectively. From the analysis, correlation coefficient values of .269 and .124 were obtained for Age of Pet Owner and Gender of Owner respectively. It also show a direct correlation but by implication, a very weak, non-significant (p<0.05) relationship existed between the organisms isolated and the variables (Age of Pet Owner and Gender of Pet Owner). However, no relationship exists between isolates and visit to vet Doctor (r-0.038; p>0.05). Furthermore, negative non-significant correlation (p>0.05) was observed for marital status of Pet Owner (r=-.158) and Age of Pet (r=-.023) and isolate. Also, correlation association between isolates and some risk factors using the correlation analysis matrix revealed an indication of an indirect but moderate association between isolates and Caressing (r=-.347, p=0.01). However, other risk factors like vaccination (r=.042), Feeding Pattern(r=.125), Pet Bathing (r=.220) and Eating with pet in same plate (r=.146), did not prove statistical significance at p>0.05. The results from the study strongly suggest that pet dogs carry potential pathogenic organisms in their faecal matter that can serve as a source of infection to the pet owners. It is, therefore, very critical that these pets should be treated and possibly vaccinated frequently, even as their faecal matters should be well disposed to prevent possible zoonotic infectious epidemic outbreak in our global communities.

Impact of age and sex on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy asian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wong ◽  
J Yap ◽  
KK Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Aims The influence of age and gender on clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well reported, but literature remains sparse on whether these extend to the disease in its preclinical stage. We aim to report the prevalence, risk-factors and impact of age and gender on the burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in a healthy Asian population. Methods Healthy subjects aged 30-69 years old, with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes were recruited from the general population. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was quantified via the Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) with CACS of 0 indicating the absence of calcified plaque, 1 to 10 minimal plaque, 11 to 100 mild plaque, and &gt;100 moderate to severe plaque. Results A total of 663 individuals (mean age 49.4 ± 9.2 years, 44.8% male) were included. The prevalence of any CAC was 29.3% with 9% having CAC &gt; 100.  The prevalence was significantly higher in males than females (43.1 vs 18.0%, p &lt; 0.001). These gender differences became increasingly pronounced with increasing age, especially in those with moderate-severe CAC. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between increasing age, male, higher blood pressure, increased glucose levels and higher LDL cholesterol levels with the presence of any CAC. LDL cholesterol was more significantly associated with CAC in females compared to males (Pinteraction = 0.022). Conclusions The prevalence of preclinical atherosclerosis increased with age, and was higher in males than females, with gender-specific differences in associated risk factors. These results will better inform individualised future risk management strategies to prevent the development and progression of coronary artery disease within healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Ambient Air in Accra, Ghana, February 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Godfred Saviour Kudjo Azaglo ◽  
Mohammed Khogali ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
John Alexis Pwamang ◽  
Emmanuel Appoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ambient air. There is no published information about the presence and resistance profiles of bacteria in ambient air in Ghana. We evaluated the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of selected bacterial, environmental and meteorological characteristics and airborne bacterial counts in 12 active air quality monitoring sites (seven roadside, two industrial and three residential) in Accra in February 2020. Roadside sites had the highest median temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and PM10 concentrations, and median airborne bacterial counts in roadside sites (115,000 CFU/m3) were higher compared with industrial (35,150 CFU/m3) and residential sites (1210 CFU/m3). Bacillus species were isolated in all samples and none were antibiotic resistant. There were, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Coliforms and Staphylococci species, of which six (50%) showed mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to four antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentrations and airborne bacterial counts (rs = 0.72), but no correlations were found between PM10 concentrations and the pathogenic bacteria nor their antibiotic resistance. We call for the expansion of surveillance of ambient air to other cities of Ghana to obtain nationally representative information.

Are gender and life attitudes associated with the wish to die in older psychiatric and somatic inpatients? An explorative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Bonnewyn ◽  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Death Wish

ABSTRACTBackground:Death wishes are not uncommon in older persons, and to date, several risk factors have been identified. The presence of these risk factors is insufficient to fully understand why some older people, who are exposed to them, develop a wish to die and why others do not. The purpose of the study was to explore whether Purpose in Life as well as other life attitudes are associated with a death wish in older males and females.Methods:The sample comprised 113 older inpatients (from a psychiatric and somatic ward) with a mean age of 74 years. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed by the SCID-II. Logistic regression analyses estimated the unique contribution of (the interaction between) life attitudes and gender to the wish to die, controlling for sociodemographic variables, depressive disorder, and somatic symptoms.Results:We observed a statistically significant relationship between life attitudes and the wish to die. Purpose in Life and the Purpose in Life*Gender interaction explained significant additional variance in the prediction of the wish to die. Purposelessness in life might therefore be an important correlate of a wish to die, especially in older men, independently from sociodemographic and clinical features.Conclusions:In assessing a wish to die in older adults, life attitudes need to be taken into account, besides the presence of a depressive disorder and/or somatic health. More specifically, finding or maintaining a purpose in later life might be an important feature in the prevention of the wish to die, especially in male persons.

Optimization of tactics of auxiliary genesial technologies at married couples with the burdened genetic anamnesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
O.S. Darii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Sterility Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Tool ◽  
And Control

The objective: rising of efficiency of treatment of sterility at married couples with the burdened genetic anamnesis on the basis of scientific justification and introduction of advanced algorithm of prognostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Materials and methods. For the purpose of detection of risk factors of development of sterility and carrying out the correlation analysis were allocated the main group – 100 married couples with sterility in the anamnesis and control group of patients who had labors (n=100) in the anamnesis. The complex of the conducted researches included clinical, laboratory, tool and statistical methods of research. Results. Rising of efficiency of treatment of sterility at married couples with the burdened genetic anamnesis requires carrying out medicogenetic consultation with simultaneous planned preimplantation genetic research in programs of auxiliary genesial technologies. At a choice of this or that method of auxiliary genesial technologies at women with the burdened genetic anamnesis it is necessary to use a technique at which one spermatozoon is entered into an oocyte cytoplasma by means of equipment of a micromanipulation. In the program of training of doctors the obstetrician-gynecologists and urologists of an out-patient link it is necessary to loop thematic improvement concerning sterility treatment at married couples with use of auxiliary genesial technologies. Conclusion. Results of the conducted researches testify to need of rising of efficiency of auxiliary genesial technologies at married couples with the burdened genetic anamnesis. Use by our algorithm of prognostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions allows to increase efficiency of auxiliary genesial technologies at married couples with the burdened genetic anamnesis for 26.7%. Key words: sterility at married couples, the auxiliary genesial technologies, the burdened genetic anamnesis.

Evaluation of the Fibromyalgia and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Seyedmardani ◽  
Saeed Abkhiz ◽  
Azadeh Megrazi ◽  
Aarefeh Jafarzade ◽  
Golshan Kamali Zonouz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Severity Score ◽  
And Gender

Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as widespread and persistent pain in the musculoskeletal system. There are limited reports regarding the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with advanced kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and its risk factors in a large proportion of patients under the hemodialysis condition. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 293 patients who were admitted to the hemodialysis ward were evaluated for fibromyalgia syndrome in an educational hospital. The questionnaire was designed according to symptom severity score (SS score) and widespread pain index (WPI) criteria. The correlation between FMS and various variables, including demographic, clinical, and biochemistry biomarkers, was also precisely calculated by logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.17 statistics software. Results: The results showed that, of 293 hemodialysis patients, 130 patients (44.4%) had fibromyalgia, the mean age of patients with and without fibromyalgia was 61.09 ± 15.36 and 53.49 ± 15.38 years old, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in terms of gender among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (P = 0.001). To note, there was no significant relationship between the kidney failure etiopathogenesis, duration of dialysis, body mass index (BMI), Kt/v index, history of peritoneal dialysis, and laboratory parameters with fibromyalgia in hemodialysis patients (P > 0.05). However, our findings revealed that both age and gender could be considered as the predictor variables associated with fibromyalgia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: Taken together, in this study, we found that age and gender would be the critical factors in terms of the fibromyalgia syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes in adult Nigerians: a study of its prevalence and risk factors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer A. Nyenwe ◽  
Osaretin J. Odia ◽  
Anele E. Ihekwaba ◽  
Aaron Ojule ◽  
Seye Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Port Harcourt

scholarly journals Discovery and Characterization of Low-Molecular Weight Inhibitors of Erwinia tracheiphila

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998
Author(s):  
Cláudio M. Vrisman ◽  
Loïc Deblais ◽  
Yosra A. Helmy ◽  
Reed Johnson ◽  
Gireesh Rajashekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Static Activity ◽  
Low Toxicity

Plant pathogenic bacteria in the genus Erwinia cause economically important diseases, including bacterial wilt of cucurbits caused by Erwinia tracheiphila. Conventional bactericides are insufficient to control this disease. Using high-throughput screening, 464 small molecules (SMs) with either cidal or static activity at 100 µM against a cucumber strain of E. tracheiphila were identified. Among them, 20 SMs (SM1 to SM20), composed of nine distinct chemical moiety structures, were cidal to multiple E. tracheiphila strains at 100 µM. These lead SMs had low toxicity to human cells and honey bees at 100 µM. No phytotoxicity was observed on melon plants at 100 µM, except when SM12 was either mixed with Silwet L-77 and foliar sprayed or when delivered through the roots. Lead SMs did not inhibit the growth of beneficial Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species but inhibited the growth of Bacillus species. Nineteen SMs were cidal to Xanthomonas cucurbitae and showed >50% growth inhibition against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. In addition, 19 SMs were cidal or static against Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Five SMs demonstrated potential to suppress E. tracheiphila when foliar sprayed on melon plants at 2× the minimum bactericidal concentration. Thirteen SMs reduced Et load in melon plants when delivered via roots. Temperature and light did not affect the activity of SMs. In vitro cidal activity was observed after 3 to 10 h of exposure to these five SMs. Here, we report 19 SMs that provide chemical scaffolds for future development of bactericides against plant pathogenic bacterial species.

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