scholarly journals Did Andreas Vesalius’s De Humani Corporis Fabrica and/or Juan Valverde’s Historia De La Composicion Del Cuerpo Humano Really Influence the Anatomy Knowledge in the Ottoman Empire? A Preliminary Study on Shams al-Dīn ʿItāqī’s Tashrīh al-Abdān*

Belleten ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (303) ◽  
pp. 545-576
Author(s):  
Ahmet Acıduman ◽  
Çağatay Aşkit ◽  
Gözde Acıduman
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Anatomy Knowledge ◽  
Personal Collection

Aim of this study was to determine whether Vesalius and Valverde influenced Shams al-Dīn ʿItāqī considering the figures and several statements in Tashrīḥ al-Abdān wa Tarjamān Qibāla Faylasūfān. The statements and figures in illustrated copies of ʿItāqī’s book were examined and compared to those in Galen’s, Avicenna’s, Vesalius’s, and Valverde’s works, then the findings were evaluated. ʿItāqī’s book contains some figures only from Vesalius and/or Valverde’s works, but there is no new explanation related to issues such as the mandible, the sacrum, the rete mirabile, and the uterus. The Latin edition of Valverde’s book published in 1607 was probably the source of the Western-originated illustrations in the manuscript Hüsrev Paşa, Nr. 464 and of all the Western-based illustrations, except for the female figure in the manuscript of Istanbul University, Turkish Manuscripts, TY 2662. Spanish and/or Italian and/or Latin (1589) editions of Valverde’s book were the sources of most of the Western-originated illustrations, except the human skeleton figure in the manuscript of Prof. Uzluk’s personal collection. The information given by the works of Vesalius and Valverde has not influenced the explanations of ʿItāqī. ʿItāqī wrote his book according to the classical anatomical knowledge in the Islamic world of his era and he added Eastern- and Western-originated figures to his book to support/strengthen his statements. Or ʿItāqī work Tasrīḥ al-Abdān originally contained no illustrations. However, later, scribes/copiers added Eastern- and Western-originated anatomical figures to the book to support/strengthen statements at different times.

Distributed corporeality: Anatomy, knowledge and the technological reconfiguration of bodies in ballet

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-890
Author(s):  
Sophie Merit Müller
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Black Box ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
Anatomy Knowledge

Various specialist cultures configure bodies as complex technological devices. We know little about how exactly this is done. I focus on one of these cultures, classical ballet, to praxeologically reconstruct the conceptual, situational and material configuration of bodies as particular instruments. The technologization of the body is closely intertwined with the scientification of the practice – its ladenness with scientific knowledge about the body and an elaborate apparatus for the production of bodies. When anatomical knowledge and didactics intertwine in ballet class, this facilitates an opening of the black box ‘body’ for technical improvement. ‘A body’ becomes a plurality of (in this case, anatomically distinguished) actants. This distributed corporeality suggests that ‘the body’ is an assemblage that becomes apparent as such in moments of its modification. The empirical case as well as the analytical approach here give reason to reconsider the distinction between humans and non-humans that still prevails in actor-network theory and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Women vaqfs in the sixteenth-century Sanjak of Krusevac (Alaca Hisâr)

Balcanica ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Dragana Amedoski
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Shed Light

The role of the vaqf in the Ottoman Empire, as in the whole Islamic world, was quite significant, especially in a period marked by the founding of new orien?tal settlements. The first endowers in the newly-conquered lands were sultans, begs and prominent government officials. Affluent citizens also took part in endowing their cities, and women are known to have been among them. The aim of the paper, based on Ottoman sources, is to shed light on the participation of Muslim women in this kind of humanitarian and lucrative activity using the example of the Sanjak of Krusevac (Alaca His?r) in the sixteenth century.

scholarly journals OPINIONS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT PHASE I ANATOMY EDUCATION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. Opiniones de los estudiantes de medicina acerca de la Fase I de la enseñanza de Anatomía: Un estudio preliminar

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ayla Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Can Pelin ◽  
Ragiba Zagyapan ◽  
Ersin Ogus
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Anatomy Education ◽  
Interactive Education ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Anatomy Knowledge ◽  
De Medicina

Objetivos: La estandarización de la educación médica y programas centrados en la salida se han vuelto más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, todavía no hay consenso sobre el lugar de las ciencias básicas en el mencionado concepto. A pesar que la importancia de la anatomía en la educación médica es  indiscutible, su lugar en el currículo médico todavía se está discutiendo ampliamente. Varios estudios y observaciones se han publicado hasta hoy sobre la educación anatómica básica. La mayoría de ellos reflejan las opiniones de los médicos clínicos o tutores médicos. El número de estudios de evaluación de la educación en anatomía en el pregrado, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de medicina, es limitado. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las opiniones de los estudiantes de medicina en las clases de anatomía. Material y métodos: En este estudio, a 102 estudiantes de medicina que completaron la fase II de la educación en la Universidad de Baskent se les dio un cuestionario con 32 preguntas de tipo Likert preparados por los Departamentos de Anatomía y Medicina de la Educación, entre diciembre de 2012 y mayo de 2013. Las preguntas fueron dadas a los estudiantes en junio, justo antes de terminar el período de educación relacionado. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de medicina enfatizaron que entendían la importancia de la anatomía mucho después de haber terminado la educación de fase I cuando estaban tomando los cursos clínicos y mencionaron que el aporte de sus conocimientos de anatomía básica para su práctica clínica era débil. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que los estudiantes prefieren una educación integrada verticalmente, con orientación clínica e interactiva, y dieron más valor a la práctica de laboratorio en lugar de las conferencias clínicas. Objectives: Standardization of medical education and output-focused core programs has become more important in the recent years. However, still there is no consensus on the place of basic sciences in the aforementioned concept. Even though the importance of anatomy for a qualified medical education is indisputable, its place in medical curriculum is still being widely discussed. Several studies and comments have been published up to date on basic anatomy education. Most of these reflect the opinions of clinical doctors or medical tutors. The number of studies evaluating undergraduate anatomy education from the perspective of medical students is limited. The present study aims to evaluate the opinions of medical students on anatomy classes in medical education. Material and Methods: In this study, 102 medical students who completed phase II education in Baskent University were given a questionnaire containing 32 Likert’s type questions prepared by the Departments of Anatomy and Medical Education between December 2012 and May 2013.The questioner was given to the students in June just before the education of the related term was completed. Results and Conclusion: The medical students emphasized that they understood the importance of anatomy long after they had completed phase I education while they were taking the clinical courses, and they mentioned that the contribution of their basic anatomy knowledge to their clinical practice was weak. The results of the study indicated that students preferred a vertically integrated, clinically oriented and interactive education, and gave more value to laboratory practice rather than the clinical lectures. 

scholarly journals Medicine in Practice: European Influences on the Ottoman Medical Habitat

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-241
Author(s):  
Ebru Boyar
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Islamic World

This article considers the transfer of medical knowledge from Europe to the Ottoman empire and argues that what was significant in such transfer was medical practice rather than textual transfer, that the Ottomans were open to adopting medical knowledge from the non-Islamic world, the deciding factor being not the origin but the successful nature of the treatment, and that if there was a border which medical knowledge did not traverse, it was one created by everyday custom not by any Muslim/Christian divide or rejection of knowledge from outside.

The Recuperation of Sovereign Rights by Asian Countries, circa 1870–1945: From Capitulations to Equal Relations, the Dutch Experience

Itinerario ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Far East ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Dutch Experience

Western expansion in Asia during the nineteenth and early twentieth century resulted in two different groups of Asian countries: those which fell victim to European colonialism and those which managed to maintain the basis of their sovereign rights. This contribution will concentrate on the second group, including not only the countries of the so-called Far East but those of the Middle Eastern Ottoman Empire as well. The link between these two otherwise separate worlds is the concept of consular jurisdiction. It originated in the Islamic world and was transplanted by the West to China, Japan and Siam in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth, it became the touchstone in the relations of the Asian countries with the West in their struggle for equality.

scholarly journals Classification of the Hanafi Faqihs Levels (Opinion of Shihab al-Din al-Marjani)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Damir A. Shagaviev ◽  
Ilnur M. Yamaliev
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Sunni Islam

Abstract: the article discusses the opinion of the outstanding 19th century Tatar theologian and historian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (Shigabutdin Marjani) on the classification of the Islamic jurists (tabakat al-Fuqaha’) of the Hanafi school (madhab) of Sunni Islam, devised by Ibn Kamal-Basha, the 16th century theologian and mufti (shaykh al-Islam) of the Ottoman Empire. The Tatar scholar discovered inaccuracies in the classification, and his critique was supported and developed by other famous Hanafi theologians of the Islamic world.

scholarly journals MUSICOLOGY IN ISLAM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Saidah Haris Harith ◽  
Ganesan Shanmugavelu ◽  
Hanizah Abdul Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Muslim Communities

The aim of this study is to discuss about Musicology in Islam. The study of music was actively done by Muslim’s scholars all over the world. Achieving these aims demands the highest levels of understanding the musicology in Islam and the greatest amount of originality from all contributors. By knowing the history and background of musicology in the Islamic world throughout the centuries, we gain the principle to utilize the talents and abilities of Muslim communities. KEYWORDS: Music, Literature, Devotional, Recitation, Characteristic, Sufi

scholarly journals Islamic law in modern times

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362
Author(s):  
R. K. Adygamov
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Education System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
Research Centres

This article is devoted to the problem of Islamic law development in modern times. Economic and political backwardness of Muslim countries and especially the fall of the Ottoman Empire exacerbated the crisis of Muslim social thought. It led to searching the ways out of the current situation. Moreover, the revival movement encouraged theologian lawyers to search the ways of formalizing and popularizing Islamic law among Muslims. Within the framework of the problem, we consider the reasons that infl uenced the process of Islamic Law revival, as well as the results of this process. Economic, social and political events in the Islamic world triggered the processes of the education system modernization, led to the revaluation of Islamic Legal Heritage. All these transformations caused the creation of research centres and number of conferences and weeks devoted to the problems of Islamic law came in response to all the changes.

scholarly journals Γνωστά και άγνωστα ιστορικά έργα της Τουρκοκρατίας σε χειρόγραφο κώδικα του Νικολάου Καρατζά

The Gleaner ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Μάχη Παΐζη–Αποστολοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The University

<br />KNOWN AND UNKNOWN HISTORICAL TEXTS <br />REGARDING THE OTTOMAN PERIOD <br />FOUND IN A MANUSCRIPT OF NIKOLAOS KARATZAS<br /><br /><br />MS 5 of the Kourilas Collection, now preserved at the University of Ioannina, contains 41 historical texts concerning mainly the history of the Ottoman Empire during the 17th and 18th centuries. The manuscript was written by the eminent 18th-century collector and scholar Nikolaos Karatzas. Many of the texts are unedited. This preliminary study includes a list of these texts, their incipits and some paleographical notes. <br /><br />MACHI PAIZI-APOSTOLOPOULOU<br />

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