scholarly journals Women vaqfs in the sixteenth-century Sanjak of Krusevac (Alaca Hisâr)

Balcanica ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Dragana Amedoski
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Shed Light

The role of the vaqf in the Ottoman Empire, as in the whole Islamic world, was quite significant, especially in a period marked by the founding of new orien?tal settlements. The first endowers in the newly-conquered lands were sultans, begs and prominent government officials. Affluent citizens also took part in endowing their cities, and women are known to have been among them. The aim of the paper, based on Ottoman sources, is to shed light on the participation of Muslim women in this kind of humanitarian and lucrative activity using the example of the Sanjak of Krusevac (Alaca His?r) in the sixteenth century.

The Edinburgh Book Trade and Vernacular Literature, 1500–1660

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-96
Author(s):  
Adam Fox
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Chapter 2 surveys the development of the book trade in Edinburgh during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries with a particular emphasis on the production and circulation of more popular works in Scots and English. It traces the development of printing in Edinburgh, looks at the expansion of booksellers in the city, and examines the role of travelling chapmen in disseminating literature across Scotland and into England. The remarkable inventories of Thomas Bassandyne and Robert Gourlaw are examined in some detail in order to shed light on the extensive range of vernacular literature from the London market that was being sold in the Scottish capital in the later sixteenth century.

Provocative Wealth: Non-Muslim Elites in Eighteenth-Century Aleppo

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Maurits van den Boogert
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Legal System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn the Western sources, the Ottoman legal system is often portrayed as unreliable and incidents of Europeans or Ottoman protégés of Western embassies and consulates who claimed to have been maltreated abound. These reports strengthened the common notion in Europe that Ottoman government officials were rapacious and corrupt. The article challenges these views by analyzing two incidents from 18th-century Aleppo, which shed light not only on the dynamics of Ottoman-European relations on the ground, but also on the status of non-Muslim elites in the Ottoman Empire.

An analysis of the hospitals of Sultan Suleyman and Hurrem: Two different approaches to healthcare in sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Pinar Kayaalp
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Shed Light

This study concentrates on two monumental Ottoman pious endowments, each with a major component devoted to healing. The first is the hospital of the Haseki Mosque Complex built by the wife of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent. An examination of the deed and the modus operandi of this endowment will impart a sense of the role that women of the ruling class played in Ottoman society as builders and healers in the sixteenth century. The analysis of the Haseki Hospital will be followed by an examination of the hospital that is part of the Suleymaniye Mosque Complex built by Sultan Suleyman. The differences between the two perspectives in the promotion of public health will be emphasized, arguing that the Sultan’s approach to healthcare was academic and research-oriented, whereas his wife’s was holistic and devoted to rehabilitation. The endowment deeds and the physical layouts of the two hospitals shed light upon a dual approach to healthcare with gender-specific roles affirmed and shaped by Hurrem and Suleyman the Magnificent, who each built hospitals of their own in Istanbul, the Ottoman capital city.

scholarly journals ARAB VIEWS ON BALKANS’ MOSLEMS: AN ATTEMPT AT SHEDDING MORE LIGHT OF THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Jaafar Abdulmahdi Saheeb
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
C Value ◽  
Separatist Movements ◽  
Shed Light

Hundreds of books were written in the Arab world during the Bosnia and Kosovo wars, overwhelmed with rhetoric aimed at arousing a sense of Islamic solidarity. However, they have no scientifi c basis and are, therefore, of no scientifi c value. They were either along the lines of the West’s Balkan political campaign or were intended to elicit voluntary donations that were, more often than not, followed by large-scale fi nancial scandals. For this reason, it is also necessary to shed light on the insincerity of some fundamentalist structures in the Arab world that have raised their voice in support of Kosovo Albanian Muslims, irrespective of the fact that their claims are illegitimate. At the same time, these structures turn a blind eye and a deaf ear to the claims of other Muslims, despite the fact that their claims are legitimate. In order to answer these questions, one should realistically and honestly say that NATO was only keen, exclusively and solely, to remove the obstacle to its further conquests, obstacle called Yugoslavia, particularly Serbia. That country was such obstacle to Western world–lords that they attributed to her, through their powerful political and media machinery, every single evil and villainy. West spared no money and means to dismantle and destroy Yugoslavia and particularly Serbia. So we faced such paradox that separatist movements were described as ‘revolutionary’ and ‘liberation armies’. Yet, if these things are natural for America and Europe, what is then natural for fundamentalists in Arab and Islamic world? There is no convincing answer but to describe our fundamentalists loyal to West as unionists loyal to their Vatican. Fundamentalists in Arab and Moslem world use our faith in a very bad manner, abusing it in the interest of politics. They mortify their faith in accordance to the needs of those forces in the world that are interested only for egoistic increase of their own power.

The Relacyja of Sefer Muratowicz: 1601–1602 Private Royal Envoy of Sigismund III Vasa to Shah ‘Abbas I

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-93
Author(s):  
Michael Połczyński
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Social Milieu ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Armenian Population

Armenian merchant and Ottoman subject Sefer Muratowicz emigrated to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late sixteenth century. Soon after, he appeared before Safavid Shah ‘Abbas I as the personal envoy of King Sigismund III Vasa on a royal diplomatic mission unsanctioned by the Commonwealth's parliament. Though the trajectory of Sefer Muratowicz's life is not without precedence in the heterogeneous social milieu of Poland-Lithuania, his documented involvement in the private royal embassy of 1601–1602 to Safavid Persia presents an exceptional view into the critical role of the diasporic Armenian population in the diplomatic and economic relations between Europe's largest republic and the Islamic world in the early modern period.

A Bilingual ‘Morisco Qur'an’ with Thirteen Lines to the Page

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Martínez de Castilla
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Textual Transmission ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Short Time

Three copies of the ‘Morisco Qur'an’, RESC/101D.2, RESC/39E, and RESC/58B.1, provide an exceptional testimony for the study of textual transmission within Morisco communities. They lead us to think that the copyists working for these communities knew and used a systematic methodology for transcribing texts which we could call ‘commented’ (or ‘translated’) Qur'ans, with 13 lines to the page. In all three cases, the text was written at the beginning of the sixteenth century, if not in direct parallel at least within a short time span, by the same hand, with an identical layout, on a paper of the same type and size, and with the same portions of text on the same page. They are clearly exceptional, since no similar examples have been found in the entire manuscript production of the Western Islamic world known to date. We are dealing here with a careful process of standardisation similar to that found later in the wider Islamic world––more precisely in the Ottoman Empire––from 1620 onwards, which will become widespread in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

The Contribution of Hebrew Printing Houses and Printers in Istanbul to Ladino Culture and Scholarship

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Rachel Simon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Cultural Leaders

Sephardi printers were pioneers of moveable type in the Islamic world, establishing a Hebrew printing house in Istanbul in 1493. Initially emphasizing classical religious works in Hebrew, since the eighteenth century printers have been instrumental in the development of scholarship, literature, and journalism in the vernacular of most Jews of the western Ottoman Empire: Ladino. Although most Jewish males knew the Hebrew alphabet, they did not understand Hebrew texts. Communal cultural leaders and printers collaborated in order to bring basic Jewish works to the masses in the only language they really knew. While some books in Ladino were printed as early as the sixteenth century, their percentage increased since the second quarter of the eighteenth century, following the printing of Me-’am lo’ez, by Jacob Culi (1730), and the Bible in Ladino translation by Abraham Assa (1739). In the nineteenth century the balance of Ladino printing shifted toward novels, poetry, history, and biography, sciences, and communal and state laws and regulations. Ladino periodicals, which aimed to modernize, educate, and entertain, were of special social and cultural importance, and their printing houses also served as publishers of Ladino books. Thus, from its beginnings as an agent that aimed to “Judaize” the Jews, Ladino publishing in the later period sought to modernize and entertain, while still trying to spread Judaic knowledge.

The Inquilinos of Cavite: A Social Class in Nineteenth-Century Philippines

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Borromeo-Buehler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Poor Population ◽  
Shed Light

Studies about Philippine colonial class structure are singularly scant. With the exception of Scott's work on the sixteenth century, no effort has yet been made to shed light upon the problem of how Philippine society had been stratified during the long span of the Spanish and American regimes. This paper tries to describe and analyze the manner in which a segment of nineteenth-century Philippine society was structured, and offers a conceptualization of what constituted a provincial “social class” at the time by looking at the role of the inquilino (leaseholders of agricultural land) in Caviteño society. Specifically, it (a) rejects the idea that native Filipino society was composed of only two social strata: a tiny upper stratum and a mass of uniformly poor population; (b) and implies that the native class structure was far from having been static during the Spanish regime. Due to limitations in the sources, no attempt has been made to trace in an evolutionary manner the development of the inquilinos as a social class. The study deals mainly with the Dominican hacienda town of Naic, although less detailed information on other municipalities like Imus, Bacoor, Kawit, Santa Cruz de Malabon, and San Francisco de Malabon suggest the existence of similar conditions that could have fostered the development of an intermediate social class composed largely of inquilinos.

scholarly journals [MANIFESTATIONS OF MERCY IN THE SOCIAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE AND COMPARISON WITH WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS] مظاهر الرحمة في الحقوق الاجتماعية للمرأة من منظور إسلامي ومقارنتها بالحضارات الغربية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Afaf Salman ◽  
Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik ◽  
Faruk Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Women ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shed Light

The study aimed to shed light on the manifestations of mercy in women's social rights in Islam and see the situation of women in ancient civilizations. This study belongs to the pattern of studies estimating the situation based on the analytical inductive approach. It is one of the most important methods of scientific research, and the inductive approach relies on scientific observation, whereby texts and opinions related to the social rights of women are traced and then analyzed and inferring aspects of mercy in them in order to reach a complete perception of this study. The results of the study showed that the Islamic religion is the only one that strengthened the position of women, honored them, and gave them all their rights completely in a way that suits her natural fit compared to the situation of women in other civilizations. The researcher concluded that compassion is a basic principle with all the meanings of charity and softness away from the hardship in our true religion. The features of mercy were represented by the woman’s sense of psychological comfort and her sense of being and existence, giving her the right to self-determination like the right to choose a husband. These rights are based on stability and harmony, which contribute to the family achieving its goals. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the definition of the landmarks of mercy in all areas related to women in our true religion, holding international conferences and symposia to be a tool for advocating the religion of God and working to make Muslim women aware of their rights and duties by educating spouses and everyone who is about to build a family in order to build informed and healthy Islamic societies, and activating the role of Muslim women and protecting their rights from being swept away in the current of Western culture                                                                                                              هدفت الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على مظاهر الرحمة  في الحقوق الاجتماعية المرأة في الإسلام والاطلاع على وضع المرأة في الحضارات القديمة، حيث تنتمي هذه الدراسة إلى نمط الدراسات تقدير الموقف بالاعتماد على المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، وهو منهج من أهم مناهج البحث العلمي، ويعتمد المنهج الاستقرائي على الملاحظة العلمية، حيث يتم تتبع النصوص والآراء المتعلقة بالحقوق الاجتماعية للمرأة ومن ثم تحليلها واستنتاج مظاهر الرحمة فيها للوصول إلى تصور كلي لهذه الدراسة، حيث أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الدين الإسلامي هو الوحيد الذي عزز مكانة المرأة وأكرمها وأعطاها كافة حقوقها غير منقوصة بما يلائم فطرتها الطبيعية مقارنة مع وضع المرأة في الحضارات الأخرى، وتوصلت الباحثة إلى أن  الرحمة هو مبدأ رئيس بكل ما تحتوي من معاني الإحسان واللين بعيدا عن المشقة في ديننا الحنيف، وتمثلت معالم الرحمة من خلال شعور المرأة بالراحة النفسية وإحساسها بكيانها ووجودها، وإعطائها الحق في تقرير مصيرها مثل الحق في اختيار الزوج، فهذه الحقوق تؤسس إلى الاستقرار والانسجام مما يساهم في تحقيق الأسرة لأهدافها، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من أبرزها التعريف بمعالم الرحمة في جميع المجالات والمتعلقة بالمرأة في ديننا الحنيف، وعقد المؤتمرات والندوات الدولية لتكـون أداة مـن أدوات الدعوة إلى دين الله والعمل على توعية المرأة المسلمة بحقوقها وواجباتها وذلك بتوعية الزوجين ولكل من هو مقبل على بناء أسرة من أجل بناء مجتمعات إسلامية واعية وصحية، وتفعيل دور المرأة المسلمة وحماية حقوقها من الانجراف في تـيار الثقافة الغربية.

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

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