Study on the test of rubber soles by X-Ray fluorescent spectrum

In2O3 nanopowder was successfully synthesized using microwave-hydrothermal method; by a very simple fast reaction between InCl3 and urea in aqueous solution contain 1% polyethylene glycol. The products were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fluorescent spectrum. The result shows that as-prepared In2O3 nanopowder is cubic phase, the morphology is square composed of many particles.

Download Full-text

Synthesis of Furan-Substituted N-Heteroacene-Based Liquid Material and Its Acid-Recognizing Behavior

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst9010051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kyosuke Isoda ◽

Ayumi Ikenaga

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Blue Emission ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽

X Ray ◽

Color Changes ◽

Spectrum Measurement ◽

Fluorescent Spectrum ◽

Liquid Material

In this study, we synthesized a novel N-heteroacene-based liquid material 6,7-bis(3,7,11-trimethyl-1-dodecyloxy)-2,3-difurylquinoxaline (RPNL 1), containing two furan rings. We revealed that RPNL 1 adopted a disordered liquid at 25 ∘ C, determined by polarized optical microscopic observation, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The fluorescent spectrum measurement revealed that RPNL 1 showed a blue emission at 25 ∘ C. Dissolving benzene sulfonic acid (BSA) in RPNL 1 brought about dramatic changes in its physical properties, such as emission colors, as well as sample states. Upon recognizing BSA, photoluminescent color was changed into orange, as well as phase transition occurred from liquid to a liquid-crystalline phase. RPNL 1 can function as an acid-recognizing material, accompanied with the color changes in emission.

Download Full-text

Trace Element Detection by X-Ray Fluorescence

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600021863 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 348-349

Author(s):

M. C. Madden ◽

R. Wong ◽

D. C. Wherry

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Electron Excitation ◽

Bremsstrahlung Radiation ◽

X Ray ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Fluorescent Spectrum ◽

Fluorescent Spectra ◽

Ppm Level ◽

Lower Background ◽

Measured Volume

Due primarily to the absence of Bremsstrahlung radiation, fluorescent spectra obtained with x-ray excitation of a sample have a lower background than those obtained with electron excitation. This can be used to detect elements in liquids at very low concentrations under certain conditions. The technique consists of placing a small measured volume of liquid to be analyzed for trace elements on a thin, low atomic number film; evaporating the liquid to dryness; placing it under an x-ray beam; and obtaining a fluorescent spectra. The residue from the evaporated liquid contains any trace elements present, which then produce characteristic peaks in the fluorescent spectrum. These peaks can be used to measure concentrations quantitatively.This technique has been around for some time, but with detection limits at the parts per million (ppm) level. Although there are many definitions of detection limit, the most commonly used one is from Burton:

Download Full-text

Some Considerations on the Excitation Efficiency in X-Ray Spectrochemical Analysis

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800001695 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 370-378

Author(s):

H. Schreiber

Keyword(s):

Target Material ◽

Quantitative Relationship ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Tube Voltage ◽

Primary Spectrum ◽

X Ray ◽

General Terms ◽

Mathematical Expressions ◽

Fluorescent Spectrum ◽

Excitation Conditions

AbstractMost considerations of excitation conditions either have ignored the target material of the X-ray tube and the resulting spectrum of the primary X-ray beam or have dealt with it in very general terms, making a few broad assumptions regarding its effect on the final result. This is quite understandable since any attempt to handle the quantitative relationship between the primary spectrum and the resulting fluorescent spectrum results in extremely complex and unwieldy mathematical expressions. However, with the number of different primary sources now available, it is possible to evaluate these complex expressions in terms of actual data and permit more reliable values to be placed on the relative contributions of the components in the primary spectrum.A discussion is included of results obtained with X-ray tubes with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and platinum targets together with a few typical applications to actual X-ray spectrochemical procedures. Also discussed are the other variables which play a part in the excitation of fluorescent X-ray spectra, such as the primary X-ray tube voltage and the window of the X-ray tube.

Download Full-text

Design of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrum Software Based on Linux

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3601 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 602-605 ◽

pp. 3601-3603

Author(s):

Wei Zhuo

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Analysis Software ◽

X Ray ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

System A ◽

Fluorescent Spectrum ◽

Fluorescence Analyzer

According to the research on analysis software of X fluorescent spectrum under the Linux system, a new algorithm of X fluorescence analyzer has been brought up: use the method of energy dispersive X fluorescence analysis, based on the software that can analyze the material composition under the control of ARM - Linux touch screen. This paper fixes on developing software of X fluorescence analyzer; realize the collection and analysis of multi-channel spectrum data, data storage, sample analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the on-site samples, and the research and implementation of corresponding algorithm.

Download Full-text

Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025446 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 275-277

Author(s):

M. Karlický ◽

J. C. Hénoux

Keyword(s):

Time Distribution ◽

Electron Bombardment ◽

Spatial Evolution ◽

Superthermal Electrons ◽

Flare Loop ◽

X Ray ◽

Superthermal Electron ◽

Flare Loops ◽

Chromospheric Evaporation ◽

Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

Download Full-text

Some Problems in Understanding the Solar Corona

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110002491x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

A. H. Gabriel

Keyword(s):

Solar Corona ◽

Solar Atmosphere ◽

Theoretical Modelling ◽

Total System ◽

Major Advance ◽

X Ray ◽

Proper Perspective ◽

Space Observations

The development of the physics of the solar atmosphere during the last 50 years has been greatly influenced by the increasing capability of observations made from space. Access to images and spectra of the hotter plasma in the UV, XUV and X-ray regions provided a major advance over the few coronal forbidden lines seen in the visible and enabled the cooler chromospheric and photospheric plasma to be seen in its proper perspective, as part of a total system. In this way space observations have stimulated new and important advances, not only in space but also in ground-based observations and theoretical modelling, so that today we find a well-balanced harmony between the three techniques.

Download Full-text

White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025045 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

E. Hildner

Keyword(s):

Emission Line ◽

Electron Density ◽

White Light ◽

Coronal Mass Ejections ◽

X Rays ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Temperature Function ◽

X Ray ◽

Eclipse Observations ◽

Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

Download Full-text

Iron K-Line Emission from X-Ray Binaries

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107389 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

K. Masai ◽

S. Hayakawa ◽

F. Nagase

Keyword(s):

Accretion Disk ◽

Radiative Recombination ◽

Characteristic Temperature ◽

Line Emission ◽

Ionization Front ◽

Continuum Radiation ◽

X Ray ◽

Low Mass ◽

X Ray Binaries

AbstractEmission mechanisms of the iron Kα-lines in X-ray binaries are discussed in relation with the characteristic temperature Txof continuum radiation thereof. The 6.7 keV line is ascribed to radiative recombination followed by cascades in a corona of ∼ 100 eV formed above the accretion disk. This mechanism is attained for Tx≲ 10 keV as observed for low mass X-ray binaries. The 6.4 keV line observed for binary X-ray pulsars with Tx> 10 keV is likely due to fluorescence outside the He II ionization front.

Download Full-text

Diagnostics of Gold Laser Plasmas

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100108085 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 357-360

Author(s):

J.C. Gauthier ◽

J.P. Geindre ◽

P. Monier ◽

C. Chenais-Popovics ◽

N. Tragin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Results ◽

Pure Gold ◽

Electronic Temperature ◽

X Ray ◽

Laser Plasmas ◽

Collisional Radiative Model ◽

Radiative Model

AbstractIn order to achieve a nickel-like X ray laser scheme we need a tool to determine the parameters which characterise the high-Z plasma. The aim of this work is to study gold laser plasmas and to compare experimental results to a collisional-radiative model which describes nickel-like ions. The electronic temperature and density are measured by the emission of an aluminium tracer. They are compared to the predictions of the nickel-like model for pure gold. The results show that the density and temperature can be estimated in a pure gold plasma.

Download Full-text