scholarly journals Prediction of the particle size and flow characteristics of powder blends for tableting by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Rares Iovanov ◽  
◽  
Andreea Loredana Vonica ◽  
Ioan Tomuta ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Dispersion Index ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Powder Blends

The purpose of this research was to apply near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics to predict particle size and flow characteristics of a meloxicam powder blends for tableting. In order to develop calibration models for particle size (mean particle size, poly-dispersion index), and flow properties (angle of repose and time of flow) prediction, the NIR reflection spectra of different meloxicam powder blends prepared according to an experimental design were analyzed using different preprocessing methods by partial last-square (PLS) regression followed by leaveone-out cross-validation. Very good prediction ability was found for mean particle size, poly-dispersion index, angle of repose, and time of flow in models in whose development no preprocessing spectrum was applied. Also, a good prediction was found preprocessing spectrum such smoothing - moving average for particle size characteristics, and unit vector normalization for powder flow properties. Therefore, NIR-chemometric methods developed in this work can be useful for the prediction of the granulometric properties and parameters related to the flowability of the meloxicam powder blends and may be used as process analytical technology (PAT) tools for process control during meloxicam tablets manufacturing.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of Gliclazide incorporated Cellulosic Microspheres: studies on drug release, compatibility and micromeritics

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Jubaer Ayon ◽  
Ikramul Hasan ◽  
Md Shfiqul Islam ◽  
Md Selim Reza
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Dissolution Apparatus

Polymeric microspheres of gliclazide were prepared to provide sustained release delivery of gliclazide to aid in continuous therapy with high margin of safety. Gliclazide was microencapsulated with different polymers namely HPMC K100LV, Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using acetone as internal phase and liquid paraffin as external phase. Seventeen formulations were prepared using different drug loading and polymeric ratio of which nine formulations were prepared by a 32 full factorial design. Each formulation was evaluated for flow properties, particle size, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and compatibility. Yield (%) for every batch of microspheres was measured. Flow properties of the microspheres were examined by determining bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s compressibility index, Hausner ratio and angle of repose. Particle size distribution was examined by sieving and particle size analyzer. Surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro drug release was studied in a paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP Type II Dissolution Apparatus) for a period of 8 hours at 37°C using phosphate buffer ( pH 7.4). FTIR and DSC studies established compatibility of the drug with the polymers. Microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M were free flowing than those prepared only with HPMC K100LV. Entrapment efficiencies were within 75.88-99.69%. Microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M showed more sustained release when compared to microspheres prepared with HPMC K100LV only. Increase in drug loading resulted in increased drug release for the microspheres. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranging from diffusion controlled to anomalous type. Ethocel and HPMC K100M in a ratio of 1:3 exhibited better sustained release properties than 1:1 and 3:1 ratios. The release rate of gliclazide from microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M was less than the release rate of gliclazide from microspheres prepared with HPMC K100LV, demonstrating Ethocel and HPMC K100M as suitable polymeric blend for preparing the controlled release formulation for gliclazide whereas, HPMC K100LV was found not suitable candidate when used alone as a polymer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21893 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 149-166, 2014 (December)

Real-time release monitoring for water content and mean particle size of granules in lab-sized fluid-bed granulator by near-infrared spectroscopy

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 17461-17468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Otsuka ◽  
Akira Koyama ◽  
Yusuke Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Granular Properties

Simultaneous real-time monitoring of water content and mean particle size in the powder bed of a fluidized-bed granulator was performed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy through a window, and the findings were used to evaluate the granular properties.

scholarly journals The Organochlorine Pesticide Residues of Mesona Chinensis Benth by Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
Yao Wanqing ◽  
Zhang Shuhui ◽  
Guo Zhihui ◽  
Gu Bingming
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽  
Validation Set

Pesticide residue is a major problem in food safety. It is particularly important to detect pesticides in fruits and vegetables quickly and effectively The near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technique was explored as a technique to predict organochlorine pesticides in Mesona chinensis Benth. Fourty-three samples were sacaned powder in a Antaris II FT-NIR. Samples were split into two sets, one set used as calibration (n=35) where the remaining samples (n=S) were used as validation set. The hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC). dichlorodiphenyltricliloroethane (DDT) and organochlorine residues were determined by gas chromatography as the reference ratio. The prediction model of total BHC. DDT and organochlorine of mesona chinensis benth was established by partial least square (PLS) method, which were optimized by the optimal spectral band range, spectral pretreatment and regression. Moreover, the prediction ability of the model was verified by validation set. The models gave the results that RMSEC. Rc. RMSEP and Rp of BHC. DDT and organochlorine residues respectively were 0.996. 0.9384, 0.151 and 0.9964; 1.21, 0.9889. 0.409. 0.9852: 2.21. 0.9423, 0.481, 0.9953. The relative errors of the predicted values are within 0.68% - 0.38% and - 0.34% - 6.88% and - 0.46% - 0.58% of the total validation set. It can be seen that the three models have good prediction effect, high precision and high stability, that is. NIR can be used as a simple, non-destructive, reliable and rapid method for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in mesona chinensis benth.

scholarly journals Characterization and flowability methods for metal powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Zegzulka ◽  
Daniel Gelnar ◽  
Lucie Jezerska ◽  
Rostislav Prokes ◽  
Jiri Rozbroj
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Metal Powders

AbstractWith the rise of additive technologies, the characterization of metal powders is increasingly required. There is a need to precisely match the properties of metal powders to a specific machine and to ensure highly consistent production. Therefore, the study aims at a detailed characterization of ten metal powders (Metal powder 316 L, Zn, Sn, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, Bronze, Ti and Mo powder), for which the particle size distribution, morphology, static and dynamic angle of repose and the effective internal friction angle (AIFE) were determined. The AIFE parameter and flow index were determined from three commonly used rotary shear devices: The computer-controlled Ring Shear Tester RST-01. pc, the Brookfield PFT Powder Flow Tester and the FT4 Powder rheometer. The results showed that the values ​​for the device of one manufacturer did not fully correspond to the values ​​of another one. The flow characteristics of the metal powders were quantified from the particle size distribution data, static angle of repose, and AIFE data. According to the particle size distribution and angle of repose (AOR), 50% of the tested metal powders fell into the free-flowing mode. According to the evaluation of AIFE, 20% of the samples fell into the lower area. Based on the flow indexes calculated from the measurements of the shear devices used, 100% (RST-01.pc), 70% (PFT) and 50% (FT4) of the samples were included in the free-flowing category. When comparing the results, attention should be paid not only to the nature of the material, but also to the methodology and equipment used. A comparison of methodologies revealed similarities in the changing behavior of the different metal powders. A comparison of effective angles of AIFE and static AOR was shown, and a hypothesis of the conversion relation was derived.

scholarly journals Robust PLS Prediction Model for Saikosaponin A inBupleurum chinenseDC. Coupled with Granularity-Hybrid Calibration Set

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhisheng Wu ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Xinyuan Shi ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Yanjiang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Partial Least Squares Model ◽  
Saikosaponin A

This study demonstrated particle size effect on the measurement of saikosaponin A inBupleurum chinenseDC. by near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Four types of granularity were prepared including powder samples passed through 40-mesh, 65-mesh, 80-mesh, and 100-mesh sieve. Effects of granularity on NIR spectra were investigated, which showed to be wavelength dependent. NIR intensity was proportional to particle size in the first combination-overtone and combination region. Local partial least squares model was constructed separately for every kind of samples, and data-preprocessing techniques were performed to optimize calibration model. The 65-mesh model exhibited the best prediction ability with root mean of square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.492 mg·g−1, correlation coefficientRP=0.9221, and relative predictive determinant (RPD) = 2.58. Furthermore, a granularity-hybrid calibration model was developed by incorporating granularity variation. Granularity-hybrid model showed better performance than local model. The model performance with 65-mesh samples was still the most accurate with RMSEP = 0.481 mg·g−1,RP=0.9279, and RPD = 2.64. All the results presented the guidance for construction of a robust model coupled with granularity-hybrid calibration set.

Application of Plakett-Burman Screening Design in Optimization of Process Parameters for Formulation of Canaglifozin Nanosuspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5208-5216
Author(s):  
Nisha Patel ◽  
Hitesh A Patel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Response Variables

In this study, we sought to improve the dissolution characteristics of a poorly water-soluble BCS class IV drug canaglifozin, by preparing nanosuspension using media milling method. A Plackett–Burman screening design was employed to screen the significant formulation and process variables. A total of 12 experiment were generated by design expert trial version 12 for screening 5 independent variables namely the amount of stabilizer in mg (X1), stirring time in hr (X2), amt of Zirconium oxide beads in gm (X3), amount of drug in mg (X4) and stirring speed in rpm (X5) while mean particle size in nm (Y1) and drug release in 10 min. were selected as the response variables. All the regression models yielded a good fit with high determination coefficient and F value. The Pareto chart depicted that all the independent variables except the amount of canaglifozin had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the response variables. The mathematical model for mean particle size generated from the regression analysis was given by mean particle size = +636.48889 -1.28267 amt of stabilizer(X1) -4.20417 stirring time (X2) -7.58333 amt of ZrO2 beads(X3) -0.105556 amt of drug(X4) -0.245167 stirring speed(X5) (R2=0.9484, F ratio=22.07, p<0.001). Prepared canaglifozin nanosuspension exemplified a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the release as compared to pure canaglifozin and marketed tablet with the optimum formulation releasing almost 80% drug within first 10min. Optimized nanosuspension showed spherical shape with surface oriented stabilizer molecules and a mean particle diameter of 120.5 nm. There was no change in crystalline nature after formulation and it was found to be chemically stable with high drug content.

scholarly journals Analysis of Flow Characteristics and Effects of Turbulence Models for the Butterfly Valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6319
Author(s):  
Sung-Woong Choi ◽  
Hyoung-Seock Seo ◽  
Han-Sang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Nominal Diameter ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Sst Model ◽  
Turbulence Effect ◽  
Valve Opening

In the present study, the flow characteristics of butterfly valves with different sizes DN 80 (nominal diameter: 76.2 mm), DN 262 (nominal diameter: 254 mm), DN 400 (nominal diameter: 406 mm) were numerically investigated under different valve opening percentages. Representative two-equation turbulence models of two-equation k-epsilon model of Launder and Sharma, two-equation k-omega model of Wilcox, and two-equation k-omega SST model of Menter were selected. Flow characteristics of butterfly valves were examined to determine turbulence model effects. It was determined that increasing turbulence effect could cause many discrepancies between turbulence models, especially in areas with large pressure drop and velocity increase. In addition, sensitivity analysis of flow properties was conducted to determine the effect of constants used in each turbulence model. It was observed that the most sensitive flow properties were turbulence dissipation rate (Epsilon) for the k-epsilon turbulence model and turbulence specific dissipation rate (Omega) for the k-omega turbulence model.

Reduced graphene oxide/nano-Bioglass composites: processing and super-anion oxide evaluation

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 19657-19661 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ashok raja ◽  
S. Balakumar ◽  
D. Durgalakshmi ◽  
R. P. George ◽  
B. Anandkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Composites Processing ◽  
45S5 Bioglass

45S5 Bioglass with a mean particle size in the nano regime was synthesized and fabricated with rGO sheets using three different strategies.

Composition, particle size, and near-infrared irradiation effects on optical properties of Au–Au2S nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Chee Tan ◽  
Jackie Y. Ying ◽  
Gan Moog Chow
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sodium Sulfide ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Nir Absorption ◽  
Structure And Microstructure

Near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing nanoparticles synthesized by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) using sodium sulfide (Na2S) exhibited absorption bands at ∼530 nm and at the NIR region of 650−1100 nm. A detailed study on the structure and microstructure of as-synthesized nanoparticles was reported previously. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were found to consist of amorphous AuxS (x = ∼2), mostly well mixed within crystalline Au. In this work, the optical properties were tailored by varying the precursor molar ratios of HAuCl4 and Na2S. In addition, a detailed study of composition and particle-size effects on the optical properties was discussed. The change of polarizability by the introduction of S in the form of AuxS (x = ∼2) had a significant effect on NIR absorption. Also, it was found in this work that exposure of these particles to NIR irradiation using a Nd:YAG laser resulted in loss of the NIR absorption band. Thermal effects generated during NIR irradiation had led to microstructural changes that modified the optical properties of particles.

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