scholarly journals Physiochemical synthesis of Silver/Kaolinite nanocomposites and study their antibacterial properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Salmah Moosa ◽  
Anis Nadia Mohd Faisol Mahadeven ◽  
Kamyar Shameli
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Physical Synthesis ◽  
Ag Ncs

Silver nanocomposites (Ag NCs) were prepared by two methods, chemical and physical synthesis using sodium borohydride and gamma irradiation as a reducing tool. A one-step silver/kaolinite nanocomposite (Ag/Kln NCs) synthesis method has been developed successfully by irradiation technique at room temperature and under ambient pressure. The Ag/Kln NCs produced by the ?-irradiation technique is pure without chemical residues, has a good distribution with enhanced antibacterial properties, and environmentally friendly. The effects of various experimental parameters on the formation of NCs, such as the concentration of Ag+ and the irradiation dose, have been investigated. A study on antimicrobial susceptibility was undertaken to determine the antibacterial properties of Ag NCs in the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility of the microorganisms to varying concentrations of Ag NCs synthesized via physical synthesis using gamma irradiation was compared to those synthesized chemically. Concentrations of Ag NCs used were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10 % for chemical synthesis and irradiation doses used for physical synthesis were 7, 13, 20, 30, 40, 50, 65 and 80 kGy. Observation on well diffusion variant showed a significantly large zone of inhibition for physically synthesized NCs, (63 to 107% relative to control) which indicates high antimicrobial activity. Chemically synthesized NCs using the same experimental set up however showed a significantly smaller zone of inhibition. The Ag/Kln NCs in 20kGy showed higher antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These suggest that Ag/Kln NCs can be employed as an effective bacteria inhibitor and can be applied in the medical field.

Antibacterial Properties of Retail Sponges

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS M. LLABRÉS ◽  
BONNIE E. ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inhibitory Agents ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Seven different brands of cellulose sponges and one polyurethane variety were evaluated for inhibitory properties on twelve strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Sponges were cut in 13 mm or 17 mm discs, autoclaved and aseptically placed on inoculated Tryptic Soy agar plates. The inhibitory effects of sterile sponges, unrinsed, and rinsed in distilled water, were measured. The zone of inhibition values were based on the average of the diameters of the clear zones on the inoculated plates. Polyurethane and EXPANDING CELLULOSE SPONGES were the only varieties which did not exhibit antimicrobial properties with any of the selected bacterial strains. A thorough rinsing procedure was often insufficient to remove the inhibitory agents from the sponges. Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A and Staphylococcus aureus, both gram positive, were strongly inhibited.

scholarly journals Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Taxus Wallichiana Zucc. Dolakha District of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Bimala Subba
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Taxus Wallichiana

Phytochemical and biological activities of methanolic extract of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Leaf, stem) were carried out. The brine shrimp bioassay showed T. wallichiana is pharmacologically active. The antibacterial potential was studied against one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli) using Agar Well Diffusion Method. Stem of T. wallichiana showed significant zone of inhibition against gram positive bacteria while the leaf of T. wallichiana did not show significant zone of inhibition against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. Both assay showed that T. wallichiana leaves has high antioxidant activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 110-114

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽  
Riteshma Devi ◽  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Extracted from Waste Shrimp Shells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Vilar Junior ◽  
Daylin Rubio Ribeaux ◽  
Carlos Alberto Alves da Silva ◽  
Galba Maria De Campos-Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
High Degree

This research aims to study the production of chitosan from shrimp shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) of waste origin using two chemical methodologies involving demineralization, deproteinization, and the degree of deacetylation. The evaluation of the quality of chitosan from waste shrimp shells includes parameters for the yield, physical chemistry characteristics by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the degree of deacetylation, and antibacterial activity. The results showed (by Method 1) extraction yields for chitin of 33% and for chitosan of 49% and a 76% degree of deacetylation. Chitosan obtained by Method 2 was more efficient: chitin (36%) and chitosan (63%), with a high degree of deacetylation (81.7%). The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaandEnterobacter cloacae) and Gram-positiveBacillus subtilisand the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. Method 2 showed that extracted chitosan has good antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and that the process is viable.

Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Antibacterial Properties of the Whole Plant Extract of Willow Herb (Epilobium angustifolium)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wally J. Bartfay ◽  
Emma Bartfay ◽  
Julia Green Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium ◽  
Herb Extract

The emergence of new pathogens and the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant strains in well-established pathogens during the past decade represent a growing public health concern globally. With the current lack of research and development of new antibiotics by large pharmaceutical companies due to poor financial returns, new alternatives need to be explored including natural herbal or plant-based extracts with reported antibacterial properties. Willow herb ( Epilobium angustifolium) preparations have been used in traditional aboriginal and folk medicine preparations externally as an antiphlogistic to treat prostate and gastrointestinal disorders and as an antiseptic to treat infected wounds. The authors hypothesized that a whole plant extract of willow herb would exhibit antimicrobial properties on a variety of both Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in culture. The authors found that, in comparison to growth controls, willow herb extract significantly inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus ( p < .01), Staphylococcus aureus ( p < .05), Escherichia coli ( p < .001), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( p < .001). They also found that willow herb extract inhibited the growth of bacteria in culture more effectively than vancomycin ( p < .05) or tetracycline ( p < .004). These results provide preliminary support for the traditional folkloric claim that the plant willow herb possesses antibacterial properties against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Given that whole plant extract was utilized for this study, further investigations are warranted to determine which specific part of the plant (i.e., leaves, stem, roots, and flowers) possess the antibacterial properties.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Azadirachta indica (neem) extract against different bacteria isolated from clinical sample.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1083-1089
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz Hussain ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Bilal Ghafoor ◽  
Umar Khalid Cheema ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and screen the antibacterial activity of medicinal plant which were most cultivated in ancient time. Study Design: Experimental Study. Setting: Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital/Medical College Rahim Yar Khan. Period: February 2019 to May 2019. Material & Methods: The fresh aqueous extract of garlic cloves (Allium sativum), onion bulb (Allium cepa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves used against the clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus), Escherichia coli (E.coli), Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species by using agar well diffusion method. Aqueous extract of used plant tested at different concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%. Results: All these concentrations showed inhibitory effect towards Gram positive bacteria (S.aureus), while Gram negative bacteria more sensitive to higher concentration. In this analysis, on comparison we observed that fresh garlic juice extract was more efficient on all tested bacteria either Gram positive or Gram negative than other and give maximum zone of inhibition on S.aureus (40mm) due to their high chemistry. Gram negative bacteria mainly E. coli somehow resistant to onion and neem extract because they possess the ability to rapidly mutate their genetic makeup towards phytochemical compounds. Conclusion: The result of study also elicits that efficacy of fresh extract depends upon concentrations levels. The plant showed maximum zone of inhibition at 100% than at 25% because on higher level they contain higher bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Development of a novel selective medium for culture of Gram-negative bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shooq Yousef Al-blooshi ◽  
Mustafa Amir Abdul Latif ◽  
Nour K. Sabaneh ◽  
Michael Mgaogao ◽  
Ashfaque Hossain
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Selective Media

Abstract Objective Although many bacterial culture media are available commercially, there is a continuous effort to develop better selective media for bacteria, which cannot be grown on existing media. While exploring antibacterial properties of clove, we observed that it has the potential to selectively inhibit growth of certain types of bacteria. This led us to do the experiments, which resulted in developing a new media which selectively allowed the growth of only Gram-negative bacteria, while inhibiting the Gram-positive bacteria. Results Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was used as the base media and was modified to develop MHA-C15 (MHA containing 15% volume/volume water extract of clove). Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew on MHA-C15. However, none of the major Gram-positive bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. grew on it. Taken together, these findings show that MHA-C15 is a newly developed selective media for culture of Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Determination of Patulin By TLC From Mouldy Apples

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Omar J. Al saree
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tlc Plates

Analysis of the decayed apples (van. Starking delicious), collected from the localmarket, for patulin mycotoxin, using column chromotography and TLC Plates showedthat the presence of the amount of patulin mycotoxin in the mouldy tissues (1.3 , 2.5 ,3.4 , 4.2, 5.5, and 6.4 ) cm in diameters were (5.1, 5.8, 6.3, 10.5, 12.3, and 14 ) μgpatulin/g moldy tissues respectively. According to this research also, Patulinmycotoxin could diffused to the surrounding mouldy tissues. It is found that (0.5and0.2), (1.0 and 0.5), and (1.5 and 0.5) μg patulin/g tissues in the first and secondcentimeters after mouldy tissues 4.2, 5.5 and 6.4 cm respectively, this phenomenondue to the presence of intracellular spaces in the tissues which allow to patulin todiffuse from mouldy to the healthy tissues there was no patulin found in the othersurrounding healthy tissues. Gram positive bacteria found to be more susceptible topatulin, the zone of inhibition against Staphyllococcus aureus was 10 to 11 mm indiameter at concentration 10 and 30 mg /ml respectively when compared with 0.3μg/ml streptomycin and 0.06 μg/ml ciprofloxacin while no inhibitory effect foundagainst Gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Chlorocobaloximes with Neutral Bases Containing Amine Functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2781-2788
Author(s):  
V. Vijaikanth ◽  
S. Vasuki ◽  
C. Immanuel David ◽  
L. Chandran ◽  
S. Sowmya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Dimethyl Glyoxime ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Ethyl Amine

The inorganic cobaloximes of type [Co(Cl)(dmgH)2B]; where dmgH = dimethyl glyoxime and B = neutral bases: glycine, ethyl amine, 2-aminopyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, aniline and 1-napthylamine have been synthesized. The synthesized cobaloximes were characterized by IR, UV-visible, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The cobaloxime complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii by the zone of inhibition test, biofilm eradication on biomaterial using catheter and modified Congo red agar method. It has been found that the cobaloxime complexes exhibit inhibition against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and the cobaloximes showed better inhibition towards Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activities of NiO Nanoparticles Against Some Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Ilbeigi ◽  
Ashraf Kariminik ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Moshafi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Nio Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Given the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains, many researchers have been working to produce new and efficient and inexpensive antibacterial agents. It has been reported that some nanoparticles may be used as novel antimicrobial agents.Here, we evaluated antibacterial properties of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. Methods: NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave method. In order to control the quality and morphology of nanoparticles, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electronmicroscope) were utilized. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were assessed against eight common bacterial strains using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria to nine antibiotics was obtained by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of NiO nanoparticles were obtained 40-60 nm. The nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with higher activity against gram-positive organisms. Among bacterial strains, maximum sensitivity was observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC and MBC of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The bacteria had high resistance to cefazolin, erythromycin, rifampicin,ampicillin, penicillin and streptomycin.Conclusion: NiO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and can be a new treatment for human pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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