scholarly journals Unhuman Entities that Shaped a Century: Non- Anthropocentric Analysis of the Case of Great Stink and Pandemic, Victorian London

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayet Softaoğlu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Human Being ◽  
History Of ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

The history of architectural and urban design has expanded its scope and started adopting new philosophical approaches from other disciplines to explore the built environment. Theorist discusses whether we still live in a humanist world where a human being has more priority over the unhuman things or not to answer that; should we design architecture and urban within an anthropocentric approach. As a recent pandemic show, things that are not human, like animals or viruses, could control and navigate a new style of living. This research will introduce Bruno Latour's ANT and Graham Harman's Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) as a new constructive method to analyse how human and unhuman bodies are equally the affective actors of daily practices in the urban realm. 19th-century Great Stink and epidemic in Victorian London will be a case study to picture urban dwellers of London that shaped determined the destiny of health and hygiene of London in 1858.

scholarly journals Patterns in the history of the commentation on the so-called ḥadīth Ibn Masʿūd

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 137-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Eich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Clear Line

This paper analyzes the so-called Ibn Masʿūd ḥadīth (see below) on two levels: the specific wording of the ḥadīth on the one hand and a significant portion of the commentation written about it since the 10th century until today on the other. This aims at three things. First, I will show how the ḥadīth’s exact wording still developed after the stabilization of the material in collections. Although this development occurred only on the level of single words, it can be shown that it is a reflection of discussions documented in the commentaries. Therefore, these specific examples show that there was not always a clear line separating between ḥadīth text and commentaries on that text. Second, the diachronic analysis of the commentaries will provide material for a nuanced assessment in how far major icons of commentation such as Nawawī and Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī significantly influenced following generations in composing their respective commentaries. Third, I will argue that in the specific case study provided here significant changes in the commentation can be witnessed since the second half of the 19th century which are caused by the spread of basic common medical knowledge in that period.

Instant Replay

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-832
Author(s):  
Lorenz Engell
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Instant Replay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Objects ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Comparative Examination

Abstract In a first part, the contribution goes through different competing and/or complementary concepts of ontography as they appear in phenomenology, object-oriented ontology, science and technology studies, and semiotics. From this comparative examination, the text develops a notion of ontography in contrast to that of ontology. It highlights the ontography of temporal objects and adds a specific media-philosophical approach to it by concentrating on the operations and tools of ontographical writing, registering or drawing being in time. In a second part, ontography is analysed as a techno-aesthetic operation on television, namely as the core of the slow motion replay. Four spectacular examples of instant replay are taken from the history of television that make the writing of an extended and malleable presence through television visible. From that, the contribution develops a hypothesis about the ontographical functioning of the medium of television and of its approach to the world.

Auditing Practices from a Historical Perspective: The Case Study of an Italian Railroad Company in the Mid-19th Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Antonelli ◽  
Raffaele D'Alessio ◽  
Emanuela Mattia Cafaro
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Railroad Company ◽  
Grand Duchy

ABSTRACT From a historic perspective, the origin and evolution of auditing in the private sector is extremely interesting, especially in regard to 19th-century railroad companies. This paper concerns the auditing practices of the Leopolda Railroad Company, which operated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy (1841–1860). Through the use of mainly primary sources, we describe how auditors were selected and hired; their procedures, recommendations, and meetings; and the contents of their reports. This paper makes three contributions to the international literature in accounting history: (1) it is the first paper to present the history of auditing practices in Italy, (2) it broadens literature on external and internal audits in railroad companies, and (3) it supports the assumptions made by many accounting historians about the origin of auditing in industrial capitalism.

Data-driven thinking for measuring the human experience in the built environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 147807712110251
Author(s):  
Bige Tunçer ◽  
Francisco Benita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Collection Data

This article introduces a methodology to implement Data-driven Thinking in the context of urban design. We present the results of a case study based on a 7-day workshop with 10 participants with landscape design and architecture background. The goal of the workshop was to expose participants to Data-driven Thinking through experimental design, multi-sensor data collection, data analysis, visualization, and insight generation. We evaluate their learning experience in designing an experimental setup, collecting real-time immediate environmental and physiological body reactions data. Our results from the workshop show that participants increased their knowledge about measuring, visualizing and understanding data of the surrounding built environment.

scholarly journals The Manufacture of Leather as an Applied Art in the Modernisme: the Factory-Workshop of Miguel Fargas y Vilaseca

Res Mobilis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13-2) ◽  
pp. 204-222
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Carrillo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study intends to examine leather craft, an applied art that has not well studied in the context of Catalan Modernisme as well as raise awareness about its use for production and design of Modernista furniture and interior decoration. This handicraft, that had been in decline in the Catalan sphere since the 18th century, reappeared in Barcelona in the last quarter of the 19th century, due to the Modernista movement and the renaissance of medieval crafts. Thus, new workshops were created and their processes were modernized according to industrial progress. We will highlight the Miguel Fargas and Vilaseca Factory, which will manage to industrialize this handricraft, becoming one of the few internationally known manufacturers. We will try to illustrate the history of this office by analyzing this case study, since it reveals an interesting part of the panorama of decorative arts in Modernista Barcelona.

scholarly journals Applying Heidegger to Case Study Research in the Medical and Social Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Ordinary Objects ◽  
The Social ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

In this article, I introduce an approach to the case-study method which is based on the work of German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). Heidegger’s insights have been applied by philosophers and scholars to the social and health sciences, and this application has increased noticeably over the last decade. This article has been written so that non philosophers may benefit from Heidegger’s insights and apply them to their own research and practice. I begin with a description and overview of the shift in perspective that Heidegger has advocated, and how this shift has turned upside down the fields to which it has been applied using formal methods (e.g., object-oriented ontology; Harman, 2018). These fields, however, have primarily been nonhuman, and reveal the hidden depths of ordinary objects. When considering humans, the researcher must search the hidden depths of existence, which includes five interrelated components: embodiment, space, time, relatedness, and mood. Clear and illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate each of these existentials, with one key example drawn on throughout the article.

scholarly journals Modern landscaping and medicinal plant loss as a legacy of colonialism in Nigeria (Lokoja as case study).

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Michael Oloyede Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This paper aims to trace the history of colonial urban planning in Nigerian cities, its legacies of urban design and beautification of the environment. In Nigeria the town planning institutional frame works was established under the colonial rule which persisted to the post colonial period. In this sense the colonial era was a phase in which European institutions and values systems were transferred to Nigeria, one of which is the concept of environmental beautification with the use of plants. An investigation is carried out on the influence of colonial rule on landscaping and urban design. Findings show that the introduction of deliberate landscaping to city planning have over the years systematically led to loss of valuable indigenous plants partly due to the introduction of exotic plants. These are plants that initially were seen as sources of cure for several ailments. There is therefore the need for a rethink as to the type of plants to be used for landscaping.

scholarly journals On the Nature of Public Interiority

Interiority ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Teston
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Places

This essay explores the intersection between interiority, urbanism, and the human perception. I view interiority as a condition of the senses rather than an indoor place.  Revelations of interiority can be discovered within urban realm, in public spaces, and in intimate interior conditions. I am especially interested in “public interiority” or these cases of interiority that can be found in exterior urban places. Understanding interiority as a perceived condition grounds the built environment in phenomenology, varied human experiences,  and everyday conditions. Herein, I begin with an ontology of interiority, which focuses on various ways of perceiving the nature of things – phenomenology, structuralism and object-oriented-ontology (OOO). From there, I will analyze a taxonomy of public interiorities including various strains of form-based, programmatic, atmospheric, and psychological public interiorities. Using real-world examples from my previous research in Bucharest, Romania, New York and [location hidden] as well as well-established examples in art and design, I will then analyze various urban experiences of interiority and the way built conditions shape experience. In this way, I will bring the interior to the city.

Understanding Communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy C. Kozakavich
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Intentional Communities ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Scholarship

This chapter outlines patterns in the history of scholarship on intentional communities, beginning with journalists and social observers contemporary with the groups as well as voices from within communities themselves. The interplay between seemingly dispassionate evaluations, critical excoriations, and glowing endorsements from a multitude of scholars over the past several decades has created not a unified field of study but a multidisciplinary niche accommodating historians, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and others. Archaeology's strengths in accessing evidence at three scales; landscape, the built environment, and artifacts, are presented and demonstrated in the case study of the ca. 1899–1920 Doukhobor village of Kirilovka in western Canada.

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