Skilled Workers on the Rural Labour Market: Supply vs. Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Elena Varshavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Scale Of Education

The paper analyzes the correlation between supply and demand for skilled labour on the rural labour market. The paper defines skilled workers as those having tertiary professional education. The empirical basis for the research is constituted by the Labour Force Survey data between 2005 and 2015. It has been proved that in this period the supply of the skilled labour was steadily on the increase that was determined by the growth of both the number and share of people with higher education. The demand for the skilled labour of rural workers showed slower growth rates that resulted in an increasing gap between supply and demand. The research proves that education and qualification of rural workers are being underutilized, and the scale of education-occupation mismatch has been rather big. The most obvious contradiction between education underutilization and its non-purpose use - when people do not work in accordance with their specialization - refer to the workers with technical and agricultural training.

scholarly journals Have British Jews fully assimilated in the UK Labour Market?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nabil Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
The Uk

<p class="pagecontents"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper analyses the patterns of occupational attainment and earnings among the Jewish community in Britain using UK Labour Force Survey data (2002-2010). The findings suggest that although British-Jews cannot be distinguished from the majority main stream population of British-White in terms of their overall occupational attainment and earnings, it seems that they have managed to integrate through patterns of self-employment and concentration in the service sector economy, particularly in banking and financial services. It is argued that this self-employment profile is a Jewish strategy used to minimise dependency on majority group employers and by doing so to helping to escape any religious penalties.</span></p>

scholarly journals Job Quality and Gender Inequality: Key Changes in Québec over the Last Decade

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Cloutier ◽  
Paul Bernard ◽  
Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Using a new typology based on information available from the Labour Force Survey, the authors analyse how job quality evolved in Québec for both women and men over the last decade (1997-2007). Results show that family situation and educational attainment are two important factors in the determination of gender inequality in the labour market. The analysis emphasizes the very significant decline in gender differences with regard to job quality (from 23% to 35% according to groups), especially for persons without children and individuals who achieved higher education. The changes represent a definite progress in the status of women in general, although some indicators also reveal degradation with respect to job quality in some of the sub-groups.  

scholarly journals Self-Employment and Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Shao ◽  
Mallika Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Market Transitions

Self-employment in New Zealand has been trending up in the past two years, following subdued growth between 2000 and 2010. Self-employed people made up 11.3% of total employed in the year to March 2012 (251,800 workers), compared with 10.1% in the year to March 2010. Self-employment is defined in this paper as those people operating their own business without employees. The paper explores time series trends in self-employment, in particular across three post-recession periods. Characteristics of self-employed workers are also identified. This paper also investigates movements in and out of self-employment in order to understand the recent growth in this type of employment. The analysis uses longitudinal Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The HLFS provides official measures of a range of labour market indicators, including the number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force.

Quality higher education drives employability in the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Nauffal ◽  
Jennifer Skulte-Ouaiss
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the high rates of employability of one group of Middle East youth by focussing on liberal arts and soft skills education as an integral part of quality higher education. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs the survey research method using questionnaires, focus groups and interviews to understand the labour market dynamics in Lebanon and explore factors that correlate positively with gainful employment with a special focus on the graduates of an institution that emphasises the liberal arts and soft skills training. Findings The paper finds that quality higher education – particularly with a focus on soft skills and internships – boosts the potential of graduates to secure their first jobs after graduation. Research limitations/implications Reliable data on higher education, employability and youth are scarce in Lebanon and the region. The paper is based on one labour market study in Lebanon while seeking to extrapolate to Lebanese youth as a whole as well as reflect on employability and youth in the Middle East region. Practical implications The paper demonstrates support for improving quality in higher education as well as making soft skills training and the liberal arts critical components for increased employability of youth in Lebanon and the Middle East. Originality/value The paper is innovative in its reliance on primary data from a labour market survey as such data are scarce in Lebanon. In addition, advocacy for soft skills training and the liberal arts in the midst of focus on science, technology, engineering and mathematics and other professional education at the university level is rare in the Middle East.

DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEES' MOVEMENT BETWEEN LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 572-573 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Łukasz Arendt ◽  
Wojciech Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
Binary Choice Model

The paper studies upgrading patterns between secondary and primary segments in Polish labour market, with reference to the Segmented Labour Market theory. The type of contact (permanent vs. fixed-term) and wage distribution were used within one framework to define these labour segments. The parameters of binary choice model, based on Labour Force Survey microdata, were estimated to calculate the probabilities of shift from secondary to primary segment, and to identify supply and demand-side determinants of this upgrading. The results are, in general, in line with the trap hypothesis, pointing out to limited chances of upward shift from secondary to primary labour segment. However, this upward mobility has increased in recent years, being a result of changes in real (measured by lowering unemployment rate) and institutional sphere of the Polish labour market. Individual’s age, education attainment, propensity to invest in human capital, as well as the size of an enterprise appeared to be the most important divers of inter-segments upgrading. Moreover, regional as well as sectoral differences in probability of upgrading were identified – this probability was higher in the case of workers living in regions with large agglomerations and close proximity to the German labour market.

scholarly journals Understanding the Effectiveness of Higher Education System: Evidences from Market Outcomes of Early University Graduates in Seven European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7761
Author(s):  
Zhen Yue ◽  
Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Being enlightened by Richard Florida’s seminal work on the creative class, this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of higher education institutions to cultivate a workforce with utilised skills that meet the demand of labour market in the context of sustainable socio-economic development. Based on the macro and micro data generated from Eurostat and the Europe Labour Force Survey (EU LFS), the supply and demand condition of early graduates and the mismatch rate between early graduates’ education backgrounds and actual jobs they undertook are estimated by a multinomial logit model in seven European countries. The findings suggest that, (1) higher education has a significant impact on the formation of specific sustainability competencies that contribute to the development of creative economy; (2) many creative workers also have a high probability of finding jobs that are not commensurate with their qualifications; (3) the effect of higher education policies appears to be heterogeneous across different countries. Therefore, we argue that policy makers should increase awareness about connecting internal measures of education system (e.g., course design) directly to aims and scopes of sustainable socio-economic development scenarios, and joint efforts shall be made to reduce such mismatch rates for particular subjects that are identified by regular monitoring procedures or programmes on the basis of full consideration of interests and reasonable requirements across different countries in Europe.

Work calculator: a useful tool for modelling relations on the labour market

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bieć ◽  
Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak ◽  
Robert Pater
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
American Model ◽  
The Creation

The aim of the article is to present the concept of a job calculator — a tool used to create a simulation of relations between changes in the economic situation and the labour market in Poland. The job calculator is based on the American Jobs Calculator and is available for everyone. The user determines the height of expected unemployment rate and the tool computes the number of required job offers, the creation and coverage of which will result in the change of the unemployment rate to the predefined level. The calculator uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and presents simulations for one quarter. The values refer to the total result, taking into account the seasonal fluctuations and division into long-term and cyclical changes, which is the authors’ contribution to the original American model as well as an extension of this concept.

Jobs calculator – a tool for short-term forecasting of changes in the labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Maria Bieć ◽  
Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak ◽  
Paweł Kaczorowski ◽  
Robert Pater
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Short Term Forecasting ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article is to present a modified and extended version of a jobs calculator – a tool used to perform simulations of the relationship between the unemployment and employment rates while adopting different assumptions regarding the potential trends in Poles’ professional activity and in shaping the size of Poland’s population. The user of the calculator sets the value of the target unemployment rate, and the tool calculates the number of jobs whose creation and filling would be necessary to obtain the desired level of the unemployment rate. The current version of the jobs calculator application has been enhanced compared to the original one in such a way that it allows modifying parameters characterizing the labour market (the labour market participation rate and the rate of the population growth) and creating forecasts within a defined time span. The calculator utilises data from the Labour Force Survey. The paper presents labour market forecasts until 2022 as well as the results of a simulation performed on the data from Labour Force Survey for the 3rd quarter of 2018.

scholarly journals Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Paulina Szmielińska-Pietraszek ◽  
Wioletta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractOn today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.

scholarly journals Professional education: current condition and new approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
V. P. Solovyov ◽  
T. A. Pereskokova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Higher Professional Education ◽  
State Educational

The article deals with the problems of professional education at the current stage of national economy’s development. The authors attract attention to the difference between the approaches to improving secondary and higher professional education. Government agencies of the highest level focus on improving the system of higher education and labour force training, but training of mid-level specialists has recently fallen out of their sight. Lately a great number of colleges have become part of higher educational institutions. However, during the latest reorganization of the Ministry of Education and Science, which resulted in foundation of the Ministry of Education, secondary professional education fell under the jurisdiction of the latter. The authors suggest uniting secondary and higher professional education into one single system and consider that as higher education. Line engineers will be trained at colleges (even on the basis of basic general education) but probably the term of training will be a little longer due to the fact that colleges are expected to be part of the university structure. Such educational programs could be implemented in regional branches of head universities to provide local industries, small and medium businesses with skilled workforce. The practice of students’ training proved that the division of Bachelors’ and Masters’ competences by the type of their future job is senseless as students do not determine their preferences for future occupation during the period of their studies. The authors suggest developing generalized competence models of graduates. The models could be used to formulate the requirements to the graduates with different level of education. Graduates with professional education will receive diploma together with a supplement containing the list of competences obtained. New Federal State Educational Systems of all levels of higher education read that professional competences are established by an educational institution itself. Therefore, the authors suggest considering issuing university diplomas instead of those of state educational standard.

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