Factor Analysis of Underestimation for the Russian Companies IPO

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Varvara Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors

The problem of IPO underpricing became relevant in the late 1960s. Since then various theories were advanced connecting this phenomenon to many factors: from information asymmetry in the market to the cultural peculiarities of the host country. The article aims to identify factors that have a significant influence on the occurrence and magnitude of underpricing of shares in Russian companies preparing their IPOs. Research and theories of foreign and Russian authors devoted to the subject were analyzed, which uncovered 7 main factors, which are further considered in terms of their influence on the occurrence and magnitude of underpricing. To test the hypotheses, data for 138 IPOs of Russian companies for 1996-2015 was collected. Analysis showed that two factors influence the occurrence and the magnitude of the underpricing of Russian companies’ IPOs: the amount of accommodation and the provision of accommodation prices in the price corridor, announced by the company. In conclusion, recommendations for Russian issuers on the formation of the strategies of the IPO are made.

Fundamental Issues in the Sintering of Ceramic Particulate Composites

1991 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Ceramic Particulate ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Coated Inclusion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors

ABSTRACTThe sintering rate of a ceramic powder matrix can be reduced significantly by the presence of rigid inclusions. The factors that lead to this reduced sinterability have been the subject of much debate in the last 5–10 years. Recent work indicate that the reduction in the matrix sinterability is a processing-related problem. The main factors that control the sinterability of ceramic particulate composites include the packing of the matrix immediately surrounding the inclusions and interactions between the inclusions which constrain the matrix. A processing method which avoids the difficulties associated with these two factors is outlined. The method involves the synthesis of coated inclusion particles. Composites containing up to 40 volume percent inclusions can be freely sintered in the solid state to full density.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KUALITAS INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN KINERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Susilahudin Putrawangsa ◽  
Raden Fanny Printi Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Informal Relationship ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The current research is an analysis on the quality of an instrument that is used to measure educator performance at a college in West Nusa Tenggara. The research aims to improve the quality of the instrument. Factor Analysis is used in the study. There are 3 measurement factors in the instrument, those are pedagogic factors (5 indicators), professionalism (11 indicators) and personality (3 indicators). The result shows that: 1) those indicators can be classified into two factors, formal factors and informal factors. Formal factors is institutional and structured, such as the indicators of subject matter delivery, the use of teaching method, the use of relevance example, and the use of learning media and tools. Meanwhile, informal factors is non-institutional, which tends to be emotional relationship or informal relationship, such as educators capability in creating pleasant and friendly classroom; 2) It is found that some indicators need to be removed because they have indicator values less than 0.5, for instance the indicator that ‘lecturers explain the relationship between the subjects being taught and other subjects outside that subjects’ is need to be removed because it has a similar meaning with another indicator that is ‘lectures explain the application of the subject in real life’.

scholarly journals STRATEGI DIGITAL BRANDING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN UMKM INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Sonny Santosa ◽  
Rini Novianti ◽  
Tri Anggraeni ◽  
Elizabeth Elizabeth ◽  
Andre Gustriandi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Digital Branding ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This is the time for us to see the positive side caused by pandemic. Even though not everybody agrees to this, the pandemic going on not only in Indonesia but also in all over the world has given us a chance for ‘adaptation’ over changes in business. Nowadays, business concept is not only affected by markets, companies, competitors but also by changes. Every individual, even a big company must acknowledge this. In order to maintain the side of people’s ‘economy’, various studies reviewing alternatives for good marketing strategies have been carried out. These studies are especially aimed at Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This is because SMEs have been the part of creative economy. Based on these circumstances, the researcher was encouraged to study which strategy of digital branding dominantly carried out by the SME players. This research applied factor analysis to find out the basic attribute grounding SME players to survive their businesses, which were initiated either before or after pandemic. The method used was non-probability sampling. Here the questionnaires were distributed in order to find answers from five determined spots. There were 169 respondents as samples in this research. In the pre-test, before questionnaires distributed, there were at least 9 attributes used as references for the main players of SMEs in applying digital branding. Results of factor analysis test showed that there were at least two main factors developed. In these two factors, it is agreed that strategy of Search Engine Optimization was the most ideal to apply in order to survive their business. This is because it has big dominant value, which was 0.823 (82% for first group) and 0.790 (79% for the second group).

scholarly journals Methods and Thoughts in the Islamic Theology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Mind

<p>The discourse that has developed so far around Islamic theology includes the emergence of dominant theological currents due to political factors. Yet if it is explored more in-depth, freedom of thought (tafakkur) is one of the main factors. Based on this understanding, two issues need to be discussed in this paper: First, how are the various methods and patterns of thought that develop in the realms of Islamic theology; Second, what issues are the subject of debate in the realms of Islamic theology. The discussion is carried out by descriptive analysis based on relevant sources that are not limited in number. The discussion results show that the thought processes carried out by kalam scholars (mutakallimīn) have had a significant influence on the growth and development of Islamic theology. The arguments of the mind that were fertilized by Greek philosophy and other civilizations also played an important role in developing Islamic theology. Besides, the formation of more dominant schools is due to the different methods of thinking in explaining God, His oneness, and His attributes.</p>

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Pemicu Minat Mahasiswa Menjadi Wirausaha (Studi Empiris di Universitas Hindu Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ni Made Wisni Arie Pramuki ◽  
Komang Ary Pratiwi ◽  
Putu Atim Purwaningrat
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
College Curriculum ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Main Factors

Students participate actively in the development of the nation with a hope not only as job seekers, but also as providers or creators of employment by becoming entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship entry into the college curriculum is expected to provide graduate competencies with hardskills and entrepreneurial softskills. But the low interest of students to become entrepreneurs is the motivation and attractiveness of researchers to conduct further studies. Thus, it is very important to know what factors can encourage students as triggers to become entrepreneurs. This research was carried out with the aim to identify factors that could trigger entrepreneurial interest in students, especially at the Faculty of Economics, Indonesian Hindu University. The analysis was carried out on the data obtained from the primary data by using questionnaire instruments to 100 students which included factor analysis and regression analysis. Factor analysis test results obtained evidence that the main factors that can trigger student interest into entrepreneurship can be grouped into three factors, namely attitudes, image and financial motivation. While the regression analysis obtained evidence that the three factors namely attitudes, image and financial motivation have a positive and significant influence on the interest of students to become entrepreneurs. Thus awareness programs for entrepreneurship need to be carried out more efficiently and effectively, so that our next generation is more as a creator of employment than a job seeker.

Obsessionality and Self-Appraisal Questionnaires

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (519) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject

In an authoritative paper, Sandler and Hazari (1960) examined the responses of 100 neurotic patients to a personality questionnaire. The latter was in fact the Tavistock Self-Assessment Inventory, which consists of 867 statements each of which the subject is required to mark as “True” or “False” in regard to himself. Sandler and Hazari extracted responses to forty of these statements which were regarded as having reference to obsessive/compulsive character traits and symptoms, and subjected the data to factor analysis. Two factors were identified, and the original items were then classified according to their projection on two reference vectors, A and B, obtained through rotation of the Centroid factor axes through 45°. The two groups of items represented “two tendencies which, in their appearance in this group of patients, appear to be more or less unrelated”.

scholarly journals Motivation Measurement model to Learn Basic Buliding Construction and Survey Engineering using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evany Iqrammah ◽  
Tri Rijanto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Instrument Reliability

The purpose of this study was to produce an instrument of learning motivation in the subject of Basic Building Construction and Survey Engineering (DKBT) using factor analysis. Conceptually, the learning motivation instrument developed has two factors, specifically intrinsic and extrinsic. The subjects of the research were the 11th grade students of SMKN 3 Jombang second semester 2018/2019 totaling 62 people. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24, including instrument reliability indicators (Cronbach Alpha), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), percentage of construction variance, and item validity (loading factor). The results showed that the Cronbach Alpha value in the classification was higher than 0.70 that was 0.93, the KMO price was 0.681, the construction variance percentage was 68.39%, and the factor load was all items ≥0.3. Thus the measurement model is suitable for measuring the learning motivation of DKBT students in the Modeling Design and Building Information.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Finnish students towards immigrants

1996 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Ismo Söderling
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Acculturation Model ◽  
The University

Traditionally Finland has been the losing party in migration. During the last hundred years about 600.000 Finns have emigrated permanently. Since the late 1980s the migration balance has been positive to Finland due to decreased emigration and increased migration, especially from the former Soviet Union area. The aim of the paper was to give answers to the following questions: What are the attitudes towards immigrants and demographic internationalism among the students in Finland? What are the main factors explaining the differences? How do the students fit into Berry’s acculturation model (his model consists of four acculturation groups: integrated, assimilated, segregated, and marginalized groups)? The material was collected in May 1994.The population of the study consisted of all the students who started their studies between 1990-1993 at the University of Turku. The sample was 300 and 187 students returned the questionnaire (62.3%). Using factor analysis and sum-variables four different attitude groups were created: ethnocen- trics (35%), hesitants (21%), egoists (13%), and globalists (31%). The results of the study indicated that Berry’s model is also useful when categorizing the attitudes of the people of the host country: more than 92% of the globalists had an integrative opinion about immigration. As few as 4% of the globalists were marginalists (against immigration), while the corresponding figure among ethnocen- trics was 14%.

scholarly journals Motivation Measurement model to Learn Basic Buliding Construction and Survey Engineering using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tri Rijanto ◽  
Evany Iqrammah
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Instrument Reliability

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to produce an instrument of learning motivation in the subject of Basic Building Construction and Survey Engineering (DKBT) using factor analysis. Conceptually, the learning motivation instrument developed has two factors, specifically intrinsic and extrinsic. The subjects of the research were the 11th grade students of SMKN 3 Jombang second semester 2018/2019 totaling 62 people. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24, including instrument reliability indicators (Cronbach Alpha), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), percentage of construction variance, and item validity (loading factor). The results showed that the Cronbach Alpha value in the classification was higher than 0.70 that was 0.93, the KMO price was 0.681, the construction variance percentage was 68.39%, and the factor load was all items ≥0.3. Thus the measurement model is suitable for measuring the learning motivation of DKBT students in the Modeling Design and Building Information. AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan instrumen motivasi belajar dalam mata pelajaran Konstruksi Bangunan Dasar dan Teknik Survei (DKBT) menggunakan analisis faktor. Secara konseptual, instrumen motivasi belajar yang dikembangkan memiliki dua faktor, khususnya intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMKN 3 Jombang semester II 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 62 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 24, termasuk indikator reliabilitas instrumen (Cronbach Alpha), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), persentase varians konstruksi, dan validitas item (loading factor). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Cronbach Alpha dalam klasifikasi lebih tinggi dari 0,70 yaitu 0,93, harga KMO 0,681, persentase varians konstruksi adalah 68,39%, dan beban faktor semua item ≥0,3. Dengan demikian model pengukuran ini cocok untuk mengukur motivasi belajar siswa DKBT dalam Desain Modeling dan Membangun Informasi.

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS, COMPENSATION COMPLIANCE, AND INFORMATION ASYMMETRY ON THE TENDENCY OF ACCOUNTING FRAUD (A CASE STUDY ON SEHATI CREDIT UNION)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Amalia Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Misdiyono
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Accounting Fraud ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
System Compensation ◽  
System Effectiveness

A cooperative is a governmental organization established to enhance economic growth and national unity. As the development of the law on cooperatives, the present and developing institutions similar to Savings and Loan Union is called Credit Union. A cooperative is very vulnerable to the risk of loss. Insecurity is possible because of the tendency of accounting fraud. Some things that can affect the tendency of accounting fraud are internal control, compliance compensation, and information asymmetry. This research aims to determine whether there is any influence of internal control system effectiveness, compensation compliance, and information asymmetry on the tendency of accounting fraud. The research uses the quantitative method, and the research subject is Sehati Credit Union. The research data consist of primary and secondary data, especially the purposive sampling data which are collected from 36 respondents. Whereas, the data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21 software for Windows. The research concludes that the effectiveness of internal control system has a partially positive significant influence on the tendency of accounting fraud, compensation compliance has a partially negative significant influence on the tendency of accounting fraud, and information asymmetry has a partially positive significant influence on the tendency of accounting fraud. It means that the effectiveness of the internal control system, compensation compliance, and the information asymmetry have significant influences on the tendency of accounting fraud. Keywords: Internal Control System, Compensation Compliance, Information Asymmetry, Accounting Fraud.

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