Methodological background of human model in modern economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Olga Lozina ◽  
Leonid Tutov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Predicting Behavior

Human behavior in the face of new challenges of changing economic reality is of interest not only to Economics, but also to other social Sciences. In this regard, the question of creating a universal human model as a tool for interpreting and predicting behavior remains open. The article analyzes the formation of human model in the economy comparing neoclassical and alternative approaches. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of methodological development of the model not only as a tool for analyzing economic phenomena and processes, but also as an independent object of knowledge. The results of the study show that drawing on the interdisciplinary approach of new institutional Economics, behavioral Economics, and social Sciences, you may perform a more profound study of behavioral assumptions, including an appeal to the motivational component of behavior, which expands the explanatory power of the model. The findings can be used both for promising theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of an individual as an economic entity, and for solving practical problems.

scholarly journals Institutional determinism of the execution of transactions within the company

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz J. Derkacz
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
A Company

Modern companies, operating in a dynamically changing environment, are subject to the permanent determinism of the institution. On the other hand, companies are more and more often perceived as complex networks of interpersonal relations in often dispersed organizational structures. Rela- tionships seem to play the role of a link between human activities. The latter, being dependent on the level of his/her opportunism, limited rationality, uncertainty and defined costs of transaction execution within the company, take actions consistent with the company's goal. Man-made activ- ities seem to be more and more often characterised by market transactions concluded within the frames of a company. The whole mechanism of company functioning cohabits under the influence of institutional determinism.Such a context of social and economic reality observed within the frame of the company has become a contribution to the emergence of the question which inspires the author's scientific work within the scope of the new institutional economics. What are the reasons for the existence of various forms of transaction organization and ways of their implementation within the company? The following article is an attempt to answer such a question in the context of the theory of institutions. The presented considerations, through the theoretical meanders of neo-institutionalism, ultimately lead to the localization of institutional determinism, which shapes the way transactions are carried out within the company.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Amandine Desille ◽  
Karolina Nikielska-Sekula
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Visual Ethnography ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Migration Theory ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gillian Rose

AbstractA significant effort in theorising and conceptualising the visual has been made within various disciplines. To mention only a few, Howard Becker (Art as collective action. Am Sociol Rev 767–776, 1974) in visual sociology, Lucien Taylor (Visualising theory. Routledge, 1994), Marcus Banks and Howard Morphy ((eds): Rethinking visual anthropology. Yale University Press, London, 1999) and Jay Ruby (Picturing culture: explorations of film and anthropology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2000) in visual anthropology, Chris Jenk ((ed): Visual culture. Routledge, 1995) in cultural studies, Gillian Rose (Visual methodologies: an introduction to the interpretation of visual methods. Sage, 2001) in geography and Sarah Pink (Doing visual ethnography. Sage, London, 2001) in visual ethnography, all produced fundamental works focusing on the visual in social sciences. This book, however, without diminishing the disciplinary work within the subject, proposes to approach visual methodologies in the specific context of a field of study, adopting an interdisciplinary approach that brings together geography, sociology, anthropology and communication studies. As Adrian Favell (Rebooting migration theory: interdisciplinarity, globality and postdisciplinarity in migration studies. In: Brettell C, Hollifield J (eds) Migration theory: talking across disciplines. Routledge, pp 259–278, 2007, p. 1988) has suggested: “On the face of it, there could hardly be a topic in the contemporary social sciences more naturally ripe for interdisciplinary thinking than migration studies.” In this piece we will attempt to explain why the adoption of visual methodologies in the field of migration studies is of particular interest.

scholarly journals Hemmnisse institutionellen Wandels im Kleinprivatwald aus der Sicht der Neuen Institutionenökonomik | Constraints on institutional change in smallscale forestry: a New Institutional Economics perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Production Chain

This contribution looks at the problems of bringing small, private forests into the wood production chain from an institutional theoretical perspective. This would conclude that institutional changes are inevitable. In practice, however, structures in small private forests are characterised by considerable inertia. Various approaches in New Institutional Economics are investigated to determine whether they can provide an explanation for this inertia. Explanatory power can only be developed by employing a combination of different approaches. The current extension of this theory into ideological and trading resources is equally necessary to understand the institutional change in forest management.

From New Institutional Economics of the Commons to the Common as a Mode of Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-787
Author(s):  
Alfonso Giuliani ◽  
Carlo Vercellone
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Political Conception ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Mode Of Production

The vitality of the new field of study on the commons crosses the entire field of social sciences, and it is analyzed from very different perspectives. On the one side, the Ostromian new Institutional economics uses the term commons as plural and seeks to give an account of the variety of the institutional forms of economic regulation. On the other, some new approaches interpret commons as an element of subversion of capitalism. These authors insist on the use of the concept as singular and they interpret it as a general principle of reorganization of economy and society. This article aims at analyzing the meanings of common and commons at stake in this debate. After a critical assessment of Elinor Ostrom’s contribution, the analysis will focus on the presentation of the theories of common as singular, distinguishing two currents of thought: the political conception of Dardot and Laval and the neo-workerist thesis of common as mode of production.

The Poverty of Clio

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Boldizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Reasoning ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
True Relationship ◽  
Choice Approach

This book challenges the hold that cliometrics—an approach to economic history that employs the analytical tools of economists—has exerted on the study of our economic past. This book calls for the reconstruction of economic history, one in which history and the social sciences are brought to bear on economics, and not the other way around. The book questions the appeal of economics over history—which it identifies as a distinctly American attitude—exposing its errors and hidden ideologies, and revealing how it fails to explain economic behavior itself. The book shows how the misguided reliance on economic reasoning to interpret history has come at the expense of insights from the humanities and has led to a rejection of valuable past historical research. Developing a better alternative to new institutional economics and the rational choice approach, the book builds on the extraordinary accomplishments of twentieth-century European historians and social thinkers to offer fresh ideas for the renewal of the field. Economic history needs to rediscover the true relationship between economy and culture, and promote an authentic alliance with the social sciences, starting with sociology and anthropology. It must resume its dialogue with the humanities, but without shrinking away from theory when constructing its models. This book demonstrates why history must exert its own creative power on economics.

The taming of institutions in economics: the rise and methodology of the ‘new new institutionalism’

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SPIEGLER ◽  
WILLIAM MILBERG
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Pareto Improving

Abstract:We examine the origin and methodology of a ‘New New Institutional Economics’ (NNIE) – an emerging research agenda distinguished by its attempt to account for the role of institutions in complex socio-economic change by formally modeling institutions as the background conditions to parameterized cost–benefit calculations. The NNIE expands the application of economic modeling tools to new areas of inquiry, models institutional outcomes with parsimony and mathematical rigor, and introduces political and economic power, thereby allowing for consideration of institutional change that is not Pareto improving. Using a four-part analytical framework, we find that the explanatory power of NNIE analysis derives not from its formal models, but from a more vague, nuanced, and narrative version of the formal models, which we call ‘Quasi-Models’. We find that the NNIE's formal models are too parsimonious to meaningfully illuminate the complex institutions they ostensibly represent.

Vertical Restrictions: Development of Theory, Antitrust Legislation and Enforcement

2010 ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
N. Dzagurova
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Vertical Restraints ◽  
New Institutional Theory ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Antitrust Legislation ◽  
Market Organization

The article examines the interpretation of vertical restraints in Chicago, post-Chicago and New Institutional Economics approaches, as well as the reflection of these approaches in the application of antitrust laws. The main difference between neoclassical and new institutional analysis of vertical restraints is that the former compares the results of their use with market organization outcomes, and assesses mainly horizontal effects, while the latter focuses on the analysis of vertical effects, comparing the results of vertical restraints application with hierarchical organization. Accordingly, the evaluation of vertical restraints impact on competition differs radically. The approach of the New Institutional Theory of the firm seems fruitful for Russian markets.

Persons in a World of Things

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Mittleman
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Classic Essay

This chapter focuses on the reality of persons in a world of things. It begins and ends with some relevant views drawn from the Jewish philosophers Buber (1878–1965), Heschel (1907–72), and Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–93). Framed by the Jewish concerns, it turns to a philosophical exploration of human personhood. The chapter begins by consiering Sellars's classic essay on the scientific and manifest images of “man-in-the-world.” Sellars shows how urgent and difficult it is to sustain a recognizable image of ourselves as persons in the face of scientism. With additional help from Nagel and Kant, it argues that persons cannot be conceptually scanted in a world of things. Notwithstanding the explanatory power of science, there is more to life than explanation. Explanation of what we are needs supplementing by a conception of who we are, how we should live, and why we matter. Those are questions to which Jewish sources can speak.

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