scholarly journals Coral reefs are critical for our food supply, tourism, and ocean health. We can protect them from climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Hanny Rivera ◽  
Andrea Chan ◽  
Victoria Luu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Review Current ◽  
The U.S

As many as 1 billion people across the planet depend on coral reefs for food, coastal protection, cultural practices, and income [1, 2]. Corals, the animals that create these immensely biodiverse habitats, are particularly vulnerable to climate change and inadequately protected. Increasing ocean temperatures leave corals starved as they lose their primary source of food: the photosynthetic algae that live within their tissue. Ocean warming has been impacting coral reefs around the globe for decades, with the latest 2014-2016 heat stress event affecting more than 75% of the world’s corals [3, 4]. Here, we discuss the benefits humans derive from healthy reefs, the threats corals face, and review current policies and management efforts. We also identify management and policy gaps in preserving coral habitats. The gain and urgency of protecting coral reefs is evident from their vast economic and ecological value. Management and restoration efforts are growing across the globe, and many of these have been influential in mitigating local stressors to reefs such as overfishing, nutrient inputs, and water quality. However, the current trajectory of ocean temperatures requires sweeping global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to effectively safeguard the future of coral reefs. The U.S. should stand as a world leader in addressing climate change and in preserving one of the planet’s most valuable ecosystems.

scholarly journals VALUASI NILAI EKONOMI TERUMBU KARANG DI BANDA NEIRA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mira Mira ◽  
Subhechanis Saptanto ◽  
Hikmah Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
The Government ◽  
Direct Use

Banda Neira merupakan salah satu wilayah yang berada di Provinsi Maluku. Wilayah ini kayaakan potensi sumber daya perikanan karena memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang, pelagis dan demersal.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji nilai ekonomi terumbu karang di Banda Neira. Penelitianini dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di Banda Neira. Nilai Ekonomi Total (TEV) terumbu karang di kawasanTNKpS dihitung dengan mengagregasi nilai pemanfaatan dan nilai non pemanfaatan. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian, Pertama, nilai pemanfaatan tidak langsung dari terumbu karang adalah pelindung pantai,dimana panjang pantai yang dilindungi oleh karang pada wilayah Banda Neira diperkirakan mencapai10.562 meter sehingga nilai yang terbentuk adalah Rp.1.936.366.667 atau setara dengan Rp.4.588.547/ha karang. Kedua, nilai keberadaan terumbu karang adalah sebesar rata-rata Rp.113.162,-/tahun. Jikadikalikan jumlah populasi dibagi luas terumbu karang, maka WTP Rp.2.580.733,-/orang/ ha/ tahun.Ketiga, nilai pemanfaatan langsung perikanan sebesar Rp.323.071.865,- per pelaku usaha perikanan,nilai pemanfaatan langsung untuk pariwisata sebesar Rp.482.654.114,10. Jadi total, nilai total ekonomiterumbu karang di Banda Neira mencapai lebih dari 17 triliun rupiah. Sebagian besar masih disumbangdari sumber daya ikan yang telah dimanfaatkan khususnya pelagis. Nilai ekosistem secara ekologiberdasarkan parameter-parameter yang diukur hanya menyumbang kurang dari 1% dengan nilai sekitarempat miliar rupiah per tahun. Kecilnya kontribusi nilai pariwisata terhadap pemanfaatan langsung karenasulitnya aksesibilitas Banda Neira, sistem transportasi yang kurang mendukung seperti penerbanganudara hanya satu kali seminggu. Diharapkan pemerintah memperbaiki aksesibilitas ke Banda Neira,dengan memperbanyak frekuensi transportasi udara.Title: Economic Values Valuation Of Coral Reefs In Banda NeiraBanda Neira is one of the areas located in Maluku Province. This region has potential fisheriesresources because of coral reef ecosystems, pelagic and demersal. The purpose of this study wasto analyze the economic value of coral reefs in Banda Neira. The study was conducted in 2015 inBanda Neira district, Maluku Province. The Total Economic Value (TEV) of coral reefs in the TNKpSarea is calculated by aggregating the value of utilization and non utilization. Based on the results ofthe research, First, the indirect use value of coral reefs is coastal protection, where the length of coralprotected beaches in the Banda Neira region was estimated to reach 10,562 meters so that the valuewas 1,936,366,667 IDR or equivalent to 4,588,547 IDR / ha corals. Secondly, the value of coral reefswas an average of 113.162 IDR, - / year. If multiplied by the total population divided by coral reef area,then the WTP value was 2.580.733 IDR, - / person / ha / year. Third, direct fishery utilization value was323,071,865 IDR, - per fishery business actor, direct use value for tourism was 482.654.114,10 IDR.So that total economic value of coral reefs in Banda Neira reaches more than 17 trillion rupiah. Most ofit is still contributed from fish resources that have been utilized, especially pelagic. Ecological value ofecosystem based on measured parameters only contribute less than 1% with value of about 4 billionrupiah per year. The small contribution of tourism value to direct use because of difficulty of Banda Neiraaccessibility, less supportive transportation system like air flight only once a week . The government isexpected to improve accessibility to Banda Neira, by increasing the frequency of air transport.

scholarly journals Ocean warming and acidification uncouple calcification from calcifier biomass which accelerates coral reef decline

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gwendoline Dove ◽  
Kristen Taylor Brown ◽  
Annamieke Van Den Heuvel ◽  
Aaron Chai ◽  
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Alternate States ◽  
Reef Decline

AbstractGlobal climate change will drive declines in coral reefs over coming decades. Yet, the relative role of temperature versus acidification, and the ability of resultant ecosystems to retain core services such as coastal protection, are less clear. Here, we investigate changes to the net chemical balances of calcium carbonate within complex experimental coral reefs over 18 months under conditions projected for 2100 if CO2 emissions continue unmitigated. We reveal a decoupling of calcifier biomass and calcification under the synergistic impact of warming and acidification, that combined with increased night-time dissolution, leads to an accelerated loss of carbonate frameworks. Climate change induced degradation will limit the ability of coral reefs to keep-up with sea level rise, possibly for thousands of years. We conclude that instead of simply transitioning to alternate states that are capable of buffering coastlines, reefs are at risk of drowning leading to critical losses in ecosystem functions.

scholarly journals Turbid Coral Reefs: Past, Present and Future—A Review

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Adi Zweifler (Zvifler) ◽  
Michael O’Leary ◽  
Kyle Morgan ◽  
Nicola K. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Sediment Input

Increasing evidence suggests that coral reefs exposed to elevated turbidity may be more resilient to climate change impacts and serve as an important conservation hotspot. However, logistical difficulties in studying turbid environments have led to poor representation of these reef types within the scientific literature, with studies using different methods and definitions to characterize turbid reefs. Here we review the geological origins and growth histories of turbid reefs from the Holocene (past), their current ecological and environmental states (present), and their potential responses and resilience to increasing local and global pressures (future). We classify turbid reefs using new descriptors based on their turbidity regime (persistent, fluctuating, transitional) and sources of sediment input (natural versus anthropogenic). Further, by comparing the composition, function and resilience of two of the most studied turbid reefs, Paluma Shoals Reef Complex, Australia (natural turbidity) and Singapore reefs (anthropogenic turbidity), we found them to be two distinct types of turbid reefs with different conservation status. As the geographic range of turbid reefs is expected to increase due to local and global stressors, improving our understanding of their responses to environmental change will be central to global coral reef conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Evolution and connectivity influence the persistence and recovery of coral reefs under climate change in the Caribbean, Southwest Pacific, and Coral Triangle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa C. McManus ◽  
Daniel L. Forrest ◽  
Edward W. Tekwa ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Madhavi A. Colton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Situating Indigenous Resilience: Climate Change and Tayal’s “Millet Ark” Action in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10676
Author(s):  
Yih-Ren Lin ◽  
Pagung Tomi ◽  
Hsinya Huang ◽  
Chia-Hua Lin ◽  
Ysanne Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Global Environmental

Whereas indigenous people are on the frontlines of global environmental challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and numerous other forms of critical planetary deterioration, the indigenous experiences, responses, and cultural practices have been underestimated in the mainstream frameworks of environmental studies. This paper aims to articulate a meaningful response to recent calls to indigenous and local knowledge on food as a source of resilience in the face of global climate change. By retrieving the values and practices indigenous people of Taiwan, specifically Tayal women, associate with human and non-human ecologies, our collaborative work with the indigenous community explores indigenous resilience and its relevance to indigenous cultural knowledge and global environmental concerns. Pivoting on the “Millet Ark” action, a Tayal conservation initiative of the bio-cultural diversity of millets, this study revolves around issues of how Tayal communities adapt to the climate change, how to reclaim their voice, heritage, knowledge, place, and land through food, and how to narrate indigenous “counter-stories” of resilience and sustainability. The cultural narrative of “Millet Ark” investigates indigenous way of preserving millet bio-cultural diversity and restoring the land and community heritage, inquiring into how Tayal people are adaptive and resilient to change and therefore sustainable through the cultural and social life of millets.

scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Protect Avian Species in Coastal Communities in the Greater Niagara Region, Canada

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Samantha Gauthier ◽  
Bradley May ◽  
Liette Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Living Shorelines ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Living Shoreline

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and its effects may push coastal ecosystems to undergo irreversible changes. This is especially true for shorebirds with the loss of biodiversity and resource-rich habitats to rest, refuel, and breed. To protect these species, it is critical to conduct research related to nature-based Solutions (NbS). Through a scoping review of scientific literature, this paper initially identified 85 articles with various ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies that could help conserve shorebird populations and promote ecotourism. Of these 85 articles, 28 articles had EbA strategies that were examined, with some like coral reefs and mangroves eliminated as they were inappropriate for this region. The scoping review identified four major EbA strategies for the Greater Niagara Region with living shorelines and beach nourishment being the most suitable, especially when combined. These strategies were then evaluated against the eight core principles of nature-based solutions protecting shorebird as well as human wellbeing. Living shoreline strategy was the only one that met all eight NbS principles. As the coastline of the region greatly varies in substrate and development, further research will be needed to decide which EbA strategies would be appropriate for each specific area to ensure their efficacy.

scholarly journals Integrating climate change adaptation in coastal governance of the Barcelona metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga J. Sauer ◽  
Elisabet Roca ◽  
Míriam Villares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Coastal Governance

AbstractCoastal cities are exposed to high risks due to climate change, as they are potentially affected by both rising sea levels and increasingly intense and frequent coastal storms. Socio-economic drivers also increase exposure to natural hazards, accelerate environmental degradation, and require adaptive governance structures to moderate negative impacts. Here, we use a social network analysis (SNA) combined with further qualitative information to identify barriers and enablers of adaptive governance in the Barcelona metropolitan area. By analyzing how climate change adaptation is mainstreamed between different administrative scales as well as different societal actors, we can determine the governance structures and external conditions that hamper or foster strategical adaptation plans from being used as operational adaptation tools. We identify a diverse set of stakeholders acting at different administrative levels (local to national), in public administration, science, civil society, and the tourism economy. The metropolitan administration acts as an important bridging organization by promoting climate change adaptation to different interest groups and by passing knowledge between actors. Nonetheless, national adaptation planning fails to take into account local experiences in coastal protection, which leads to an ineffective science policy interaction and limits adaptive management and learning opportunities. Overcoming this is difficult, however, as the effectiveness of local adaptation strategies in the Barcelona metropolitan area is very limited due to a strong centralization of power at the national level and a lack of polycentricity. Due to the high touristic pressure, the legal framework is currently oriented to primarily meet the demands of recreational use and tourism, prioritizing these aspects in daily management practice. Therefore, touristic and economic activities need to be aligned to adaptation efforts, to convert them from barriers into drivers for adaptation action. Our work strongly suggests that more effectively embedding adaptation planning and action into existing legal structures of coastal management would allow strategic adaptation plans to be an effective operational tool for local coastal governance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document