scholarly journals Carcass yield and intestinal morphology of male rabbits fed diets supplemented with turmeric (Curcuma Longa) powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
E.O. Okanlawon ◽  
E.O. Okanlawon ◽  
K.O. Bello ◽  
O.S. Akinola ◽  
O.O. Oluwatosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Inclusion Level

Thirty-two (7-8 weeks old) male rabbits that weighed between 700 and 800 g were used to determine the effect of inclusion of Turmeric powder on carcass yield and intestinal morphology of rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allotted to four diets containing varying levels of turmeric powder (0, 5, 10 and 15 g) in a complete randomized design. Data were collected on carcass yield, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, crypt depth, mucosal thickness and analyzed using ANOVA. Significant (p<0.05) differences were obtained on bled and eviscerated weights, forelimbs, hind limbs, neck, tail and loin. Highest (p<0.05) duodenum crypt depth (111.50 μm) was obtained with buck fed diet containing 15 g turmeric inclusion while buck fed with diet containing 0 g turmeric had the least value of (67.67 μm). This was similar (p>0.05) with values obtained for buck fed diets containing 5 g turmeric (73.83 μm) and those fed with 10 g turmeric inclusion (79.33 μm). There was significant difference (P<0.05) of rabbit fed with diets with turmeric on jejunum villi height. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in jejunum crypt depth and mucosal thickness. However, 10 g inclusion could be assumed as economic inclusion level for carcass yield and intestinal increase in rabbit production.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS YIELD OF BROILERS FED INCREASING LEVELS OF SUNFLOWER CAKE

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVELINE BERWANGER ◽  
◽  
RICARDO VIANNA NUNES ◽  
TACIANA MARIA MORAES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
DOUGLAS FERNANDO BAYERLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sunflower Cake ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
Performance Results

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of 1- to 21-day-old broiler chickens fed a diet containing increasing levels of sunflower cake, supplemented with or without an enzyme complex (EC). We used 1200 Cobb 500 birds, which were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial scheme and five levels of sunflower cake inclusion (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) in diets supplemented or not with EC. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 1 to 21 days of age and from 22 to 42 days all birds received the same feed based on corn and soybean meal. There was no interaction between the level of sunflower cake inclusion and presence of EC. From 1 to 21 days of age, the weight gain, final weight, and feed intake linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing sunflower cake inclusion level. At 42 days old, after animals consumed diets based on corn and soybean meal (from 22 to 42 days), the levels provided least 21 days did not influence the performance results. Animals receiving the EC in the first phase showed better results at the end of the experiment (P<0.05). Up to 21 days old, carcass yield decreased, and abdominal fat increased with the sunflower cake inclusion. The addition of EC in the diet improved the thigh, breast and carcass yield. Intestinal morphology after 21 days revealed that the three segments of the intestine had at least one type of change, such as a decrease in villus height and increase in crypt depth, with increased level of sunflower cake in the diet, affecting performance.

Growth performance of weaner rabbits on diets containing varying levels of dried okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. A. Imade ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
V. A. Jegede ◽  
O. Y. Ayo-Ajasa ◽  
B. B. Sarumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The need to seek for alternative feed materials with nutritional and medicinal values to support livestock growth necessitated this study. Forty-five unsexed rabbits crosses (Chinchilla × Newzealand white) 5- 6 weeks old with average weight of 720g were used in a 10- week feeding trial to evaluate the performance of growing rabbits fed on varying levels of dried okra leaves. The rabbits were assigned into five treatment groups containing dried okra leaves (DOL) at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% inclusion levels for dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) respectively. Each treatment consisted of 9 rabbits and replicated thrice with each replicate consisting of 3 rabbits in a completely randomized design. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated that daily feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) largest in rabbits fed 5.00% inclusion level of dried okra leaves (84.57g) and least in rabbits fed 0.00% level of inclusion of dried okra leaves (72.12g). Feed efficiency (FE) was poorest (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 10.00% DOL (0.15%) and best (0.20%) in rabbits fed 2.50% dried okra leaves. It was concluded that okra leaves can be included in diets for growing rabbits and 2.50% level of dried okra leaves inclusion is recommended for adoption by farmers to maximize profit.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CALF STARTER RATION FOR PRE-WEANING ONGOLE GRADE (PO) CALVES ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
E. Winarti ◽  
A. Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Difference Test

The objective of study was to determine the effect of calf starter in the pre-weaning calves against the daily body weight gain. Twenty Ongole grade (PO) calves age of 1 month divided into 4 treatment groups of feed, 5 calves for each treatment. Treatment (P1) fed with extra soybean groats; (P2) soybean groats 50% + Gliricidia 50%; (P3) soybean groats 50%+ rice bran 50%; (P4) soybean groats 50%+ rejected bread 50%. Calf starter was given at age 1 month to 3 months. Observation was carried out on calves daily weight gain. This experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design. Data was  analyzed by analysis of variance and continued Least Significant Difference Test. Statistical analysis showed that feed of (P <0.05) significantly affected the daily weight gain of the calves. Results of the study can be concluded that calf starter with soya groats provide the best daily weight gain of pre-weaning calf.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Growth Performance among Broilers Supplemented with Synthetic Lysine Amino Acid from 0-28 Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Melaku ◽  
M Urge ◽  
G Animut
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

Different levels of synthetic lysine amino acid were supplemented to 240 starter broiler chicks randomly distributed to 12 groups of each 20-day chicks and allocated to four treatment diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). T1 (Control) basal diet (0% synthetic lysine); T2 (0.15% synthetic lysine); T3 (0.3% synthetic lysine) and T4 (0.45% synthetic lysine). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) observed between treatments in dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein intake, body weight and death rate of the chicks. In conclusion, there were no significant changes for all parameters and further amino acid analysis of the feedstuffs is required and extra addition above 0.45% synthetic lysine of T4 need to be added in this experiment which numerically improved the chick’s performance. Further experiments were recommended to evaluate the levels of lysine amino acid in the feedstuffs and its inclusion level in to the diet of modern broiler strains.

Using okara in diets for growing broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-811
Author(s):  
M. Diaz-Vargas ◽  
A.E. Murakami ◽  
L.H. Zanetti ◽  
P.T. Matumoto-Pintro ◽  
E.M. Massuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Four Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of okara inclusion in diet for growing broilers on performance, carcass yield, blood and bone variables, quality and lipid oxidation of meat, and economic viability. For that, 575 Cobb 21-d-old male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels of okara inclusion (25, 50, 75, and 100 g of okara kg−1diet) and a control group with five replicates and 23 birds each. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) of okara levels on the performance variables, carcass yield, bone variables, and serum triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus at 42-d-old. Serum cholesterol levels showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05), in which the lowest value estimated was 65.3 g of okara kg−1of diet. Okara can be included in diets for broilers up to the level of 100 g kg−1without affecting the performance, carcass yield, bone variables, and lipid oxidation of meat. However, the best economic results were observed up to 50 g of okara kg−1of diet.

scholarly journals Kaolin in the diet and its effects on performance, litter moisture and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1835-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jorge de Lemos ◽  
Lígia Fátima Lima Calixto ◽  
Osvanira dos Santos Alves ◽  
Daniele Santos de Souza ◽  
Bárbara Brandt Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Weight Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of kaolin in the diet on performance, litter moisture and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Four hundred ninety-two broiler chickens distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates of 41 birds each, divided into three periods (15-21; 22-34; 35-52 days) were used. The following treatments were: Control - reference diet without added kaolin; treatment 1 - reference diet + 0.75% kaolin; Treatment 2 - reference diet + 1.5% kaolin. The variables analyzed were: feed intake, average weight, average weight gain, feed conversion, litter moisture, villus height and crypt depth. The inclusion of kaolin in the diet significantly reduced feed intake, increased weight and average weight gain and improved feed conversion of broilers. The litter moisture decreased significantly after the inclusion of kaolin in the diet. The height of the duodenal villi of broilers increased significantly after inclusion of kaolin, while crypt depth was not influenced. The inclusion 0.75% of kaolin in the diet improved the performance, decreased litter moisture and benefited the intestinal integrity of broilers.

Small intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in ileal digesta and feces of newly weaned pigs receiving a high dietary level of zinc oxide

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Li ◽  
A. G. Van Kessel ◽  
W. R. Caine ◽  
S. X. Huang ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Mucosal Morphology

A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of 3000 mg kg–1 zinc oxide (ZnO) on the small intestinal morphology and populations of enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli and clostridia in ileal digesta and feces of weaned pigs. At 17 d of age, 36 pigs from nine litters were fitted with simple T-cannulae at the distal ileum and after a 2-h post-surgery recovery returned to their sows. At 21 d of age, the pigs were weaned and housed in individual metabolism crates. Pigs were allocated to receive a standard starter diet supplemented with or without 3000 mg kg–1 of ZnO. Ileal digesta and fecal samples were collected immediately before weaning and then on days 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11 after weaning and were used to quantify enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli and clostridial populations by colony enumeration on selective media. Pigs were euthanized following the final sampling, and 2 cm sections of tissue were collected from sites 25, 50 and 75% along the length of the small intestine for determination of mucosal thickness (MT), crypt depth (CD), villous height (VH) and villous width (VW). Zinc oxide supplementation altered the mucosal morphology of the small intestine. Mucosal thickness (P < 0.08) and VH (P < 0.05) were increased at sites 25 and 50% along the length of the small intestine by ZnO supplementation. Overall VW also increased (P < 0.01) with ZnO supplementation. Crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) at 75% along the length of the small intestine with ZnO supplementation. The ratio of VH to CD was higher (P < 0.05) for ZnO-supplemented than for control-fed pigs at sites 25, 50 and 75% along the length of the small intestine. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of supplementary ZnO on bacterial populations in ileal digesta or feces. The present study indicates that supplementing ZnO in starter diets changes the epithelial morphology of the small intestine, which may affect nutrient digestion and absorption in newly weaned pigs. Key words: Pigs, zinc oxide, bacteria, intestinal morphology

scholarly journals Elaboration and Characterization of Bioactive Films Obtained from the Incorporation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into a Matrix of Sodium Alginate

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Larruama Vasconcelos ◽  
Marthyna de Souza ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira ◽  
Edson Silva Filho ◽  
André Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

The objective of this work was to obtain and characterize sodium alginate-based biopolymer films with the addition of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The study employed a completely randomized design, including 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% inclusion of CNSL. Uniform formation of the films was observed, and the addition of CNSL provided better thermal resistance than did the treatment without inclusion, while the addition of CNSL reduced the homogeneity of the microstructure, especially for the 1.5% inclusion level. The permeability of the film increased as the level of CNSL increased, especially in response to the concentrations of 1% and 1.5%, and no significant difference in permeability was observed between these treatments. The tensile strength decreased proportionally as a function of the addition of CNSL, as its inclusion increased the elasticity and elongation of the films. In addition, the films with CNSL demonstrated strong antioxidant activity and discrete antimicrobial activity, and ecotoxicity analysis showed that the levels of CNSL tested and the films produced were nontoxic. Thus, these films are promising and self-sustainable alternatives for the agrifood industry.

scholarly journals The Balancing of Safflower Oil and Inositol to Intestinal Morphometric of Sentul Chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Modawy Abdelgader Albasheer ◽  
Ning Iriyanti ◽  
Ismoyowati Ismoyowati ◽  
Efka Aris Rimbawanto
Keyword(s):  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Intestinal Villi ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intestine Length

This study was aimed to evaluate the use of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol on the digestive profile of male Sentul chickens. A total of 182 Sentul chickens aged 17 weeks were reared up to 23 weeks in 91 units of battery cage (6 chickens/unit). The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replicates (6 chickens/replicate). The research treatments were R0 = control/ basal feed + 0% Safflower and 0% Inositol; R1 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil; R2 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil; R3 = Basal feed + 0.5% Inositol; R4 = Basal feed + 1.0% Inositol; R5 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R6 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol; R7 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R8 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol.  Basal feed was composed of corn, rice bran, soybean kernel, fishmeal, palm oil, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), topmix, lysine, and methionine, as well as safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol. The measured variable consists of digestive profile (the percentage of intestine weight, digesta, proventriculus, gizzard) and intestine length, crypt depth, the width and length of intestinal villi, Intestinal histology profile. The data were subjected to a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued with an Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). The result showed that incorporating safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol into feed did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the digestive profile of Male Sentul chickens. Conclusively, safflower oil and inositol up to 1% in the feed are safe for male Sentul chickens without interfering with the performance of digestive organs because it produces relatively similar intestinal weight and length, crypt depth, as well as the length and width of intestinal villi.

scholarly journals Effect of Cassava Peel Based Diets on Performance and Meat Quality of Snail (Archachatina marginata Swainson)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kehinde, Abiodun Solomon ◽  
Babatunde, Taiye Oluwasola ◽  
Kehinde, Olujide Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Range Test

The effect of cassava peel (CPL) incorporation (0,5, 10 and 15%) in the diets of growing snails  (average initial weight  66.0 ± 0.15 g) on the growth performance, shell morphological changes, digestibility of nutrients, carcass yield and mineral element composition of the meat was investigated. The nutritional trial adopted four T1 (0%), T2 (5%), T3 (10%) and T4 (15%) almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Two hundred and forty growing snails were randomly allotted at 60 snails/treatment, while each treatment was replicated three times. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated at the 12th of the fourteen-week trial. Data collected were analyzed in a complete randomized design using (ANOVA), a significant difference among the means was separated using Duncan's multiple range test. Cassava peel is rich in NFE (70.0%), low in crude protein (3.94%), while the four diets held almost equal proximate composition. Feed intake increased (P<0.05) from T1 to T4 and T1 (control) had the best (P<0.05) carcass yield. Survivability of snails at all levels was 100%. Highest dry matter digestibility (70.01%) was obtained in T1; the digestibility of other nutrients also reduced (P< 0.05) with CPL incorporation. Meat mineral composition was not compromised by the treatments. Cassava peel based diet was favourably utilized at 15% CPL incorporation without any adverse effect on feed intake, growth, meat quality and carcass yield, farmers should adopt it.

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