scholarly journals The Technopolitics of Infrastructure Breakdowns: A Historical Overview of Dumsor

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
Claudia Serwah Prempeh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Access Rate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Electricity Access

In sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana is considered a beacon of success because of its high electricity access rate: 84.3 per cent as at 2018. Despite this success, the sector is entangled in a crisis. Crisis as used here refers to the crisis of electricity supply where supply deficits results in prolonged periods of blackouts and load rationing. Between 2012 and 2016, blackouts christened dumsor (Twi word for off/on) became a regular experience in Ghana with more blackouts than electricity supplied: 24 hours lights out, 12 hours light supplied. Using a historical narrative, this article provides a summarized account of how dumsor unravelled- the momentous cascading socio-economic interruption dumsor caused, the dramatic user responses it evoked and the ways in which it became the subject of intense political debate. Primary data was gathered from ethnographic fieldwork and secondary data from online and archival sources. This narration reveals the generative potential of uncertain infrastructure and its ability to foreground the “under the radar” interdependences between infrastructure and political power. It details how an “imperfect” electric infrastructure produced new user subjectivities, challenged the conduct of electricity governance and revealed electricity provisioning to be a starkly contested technopolitical process. Keywords: Technopolitics, Blackouts, Dumsor, Infrastructure

scholarly journals Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Umar ◽  
Shane D. Johnson ◽  
James A. Cheshire
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Objective Research demonstrates that crime is concentrated. This finding is so consistent that David Weisburd refers to this as the “law of crime concentration at place”. However, most research on crime concentration has been conducted in the US or European cities and has used secondary data sources. In this study, we examine whether the law of crime concentration applies in the context of sub-Saharan Africa using primary data. Methods A crime victimization survey was used to collect data in the city of Kaduna (Nigeria). Using these data, the concentration of crime (breaking-and-entering and domestic theft) was examined at the household, street segment, and neighborhood levels. Specifically, variants of a Lorenz curve and the Gini index (GI) were used to examine whether crime concentrates at these different spatial scales and if such concentration reflects anything beyond the spatial distribution of opportunity for these types of offenses. Results Crime was found to concentrate at all spatial scales, and having accounted for expectation, given the distribution of opportunity, crime was most concentrated at the household level, closely followed by street segments. It was relatively less concentrated at the neighborhood level. Conclusion The current study extends previous research in a number of ways. It shows that the law of crime concentration at place applies in a very different context to most previous work. Unlike previous studies, we use primary data collected specifically to test the law, avoiding problems associated with the dark figure of crime. Moreover, the findings persist after accounting for crime opportunity.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL IMAGE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AMONG SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Chen Yuwei ◽  
Bitange Ndemo ◽  
Martin Ogutu ◽  
X. N. Iraki
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
National Image ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between National Image and FDI among Sub-Saharan Africa nations. Methodology: This study was based on positivism approach and study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The population of the study was all of SSA 46 countries and a census survey of all the countries in SSA was done hence no sampling was done. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. A structured research questionnaire was used in collecting primary data. The questionnaire was administered to the Heads of Foreign Missions of each of the 46 SSA countries in Kenya. Secondary data was used for data on FDI obtained from the UNCTAD publications. Data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Testing of hypothesis was done through Adjusted R2 F-ratio test (Analysis of Variance) and regression of the coefficient. Results: The results revealed that the influence of national image on FDI among SSA countries was positive and statistically significant. The results further reveals that 71.8% of changes in FDI is as a result of the national image aspects selected in this study while the remaining 28.2% are elucidated by other aspects not pondered in this model. Independent indicators defining national image had mixed results. Results showed that political dimension influenced FDI positively but it was not statistically significant (B= .236, t= 1.490, sig= .146). Economic dimension influenced FDI positively but it was not statistically significant (B= .104, t= .461, sig= .648). Social dimension of national image influenced FDI positively and it was statistically significant (B= .367, t= 2.368, sig= .024). Technological dimension influenced FDI positively and it was statistically significant (B= .859, t= 5.141, sig= .000). Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings of this study support the need for Sub-Saharan Africa countries to create a national image individually as countries and as a block as this will go a long way in attracting FDI which will eventually translate to economic development. It is therefore prudent for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to understand the national image dimensions in the regional context in order to carry out frequent analysis and develop strategic approaches relevant to their FDI competitiveness.

Energy Access: Illusion or Reality for the Poor?

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latsoucabe Fall
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Access Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Electricity Access

Electricity access is vital for alleviating poverty, and reversing the past and current negative economic and social trends in developing countries. However, despite efforts undertaken so far, the technological accomplishments and so-called breakthroughs, as well as global wealth, the population without electricity access in developing countries is still tremendous. In Sub-Saharan Africa, at least three-quarters of the population currently have no access to electricity; and over the past three decades, the number of people without access to electricity in this region has doubled. Moreover, if we applied the electricity connection rates of the past decade, one must wait until at least the end of this century, before achieving the electricity access objective set for the region. Some experts contend that electricity reform options experienced in Africa have not yet reached the expected beneficial effects, in terms of improvement of the electricity access rate for the poor, and that they were not designed to address the energy problems of the poor, but were explicitly aimed at achieving other objectives. It is thus well founded to raise the following questions: Is the WSSD objective of energy access realistic or utopian, particularly for Africa? Is the UN Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of African poor by 2015 a ‘white vow’? How can we reverse the past and current negative trends and move towards the achievement of ambitious yet realistic objectives of widespread energy access?

scholarly journals The Genesis of Peri-urban Ethiopia: The Case of Hawassa City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetayehu Kinfu ◽  
Henning Bombeck ◽  
Agizew Nigussie ◽  
Fisseha Wegayehu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sub Saharan

Peri-urban areas present planning challenges of contemporary urbanisation and settlements in the Global South. Studies about peri-urban area tend to focus upon the Global North and Asia, while little has been done on sub-Saharan Africa. Available research in sub-Saharan Africa is largely confined to studying economic forces driving periurbanisation, land markets and informality. Few have explicitly examined the policy forces driving it. This article analyses the urbanisation and policy forces driving periurbanisation in Hawassa, Ethiopia. It scrutinises the city’s urbanisation policy and the nation’s land policy to find out how and why they are linked with the city’s periurbanisation processes. The analyses utilises primary data collected through household surveys, field observations and key informant interviews, which are complemented by secondary data from national legal and policy documents, and regional and city administration reports. The findings show that Hawassa’s periurbanisation is driven by policy forces emanating from annexation-based rapid urbanisation and the loopholes in the nation’s land policy.

scholarly journals International Expansion of Nigerian Banks Which Theories of Internationalization Prevailed?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ebimo Amungo ◽  
Trevor Buck
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Distribution Fitting ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>This paper compares the internationalization pattern of Nigerian banks to the predictions of the theories of internationalization. The research sougt to identify factors that influenced the decision of Nigerian banks to establish international operations as well as those that determined their entry mode choices.</p><p>The study adopted a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach. Multiple case studies were used and five Nigerian banks were purposively sampled. Primary data was collected using Likert scale questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data was obtained from multiple sources. Primary data was analyzed using the normal distribution fitting algorithm approach.</p><p>The research found that expansion into foreign markets was triggered by the success of banking sector reforms in Nigeria, a shift in the strategic scope of the banks and a desire to exploit tangible and intangible assets in less developed, but profitable banking markets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It was also found that environmental uncertainties in host countries influenced entry through high equity commitment modes. Furthermore, it was found that the internationalization of Nigerian banks conformed to the predictions of the eclectic theory, the resource-based-view and the views of scholars of the transaction cost analysis who propose hierarchies in host locations with high environmental uncertainties.</p>This study offers an idiosyncratic contribution to the study of bank internationalization.

THE USE OF COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNINGMETHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Widoyo Putro ◽  
Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Method Improvement ◽  
Community Language

This study is aimed at improving the second grade of students’ speakingachievement by using Community Language Learning (CLL) Method. Theresearch was conducted by applying classroom action research. The subject of this study was second grade of Private Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas Swasta) of Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa which consisted of 31 students. To collect the data, the instruments used were primary data (SpeakingTest) and secondary data (interview sheet, observation sheet, field notes). It can be seen from the score in test I, test II and test III. In the Test I, the mean of the students’score was (64.77), in the Test II was (71.35), and the mean of the students’ score of the Test III was (80.90). Based on the interview, and observation sheet, it shows that the expression and excitement of the students got improved as well. It was found that teaching of speaking by using Community Language Learningcould significantly improve students’ speaking achievement.Key Words: Community Language Learning, Method, Improvement, Speaking Achievement

THE APPLICATION OF PREVIEW, READ, WRITE, AND RECITE (PRWR) METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN READING RECOUNT TEXT

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Nasution And Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Score ◽  
First Year ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Orientation Test

The objective of this research is to find out whether the application Preview, Read,Write, and Recite (PRWR) method improve student’s achievement in readingrecount text. This research applied classroom action research model. This studywas done in six meetings. The subject of this study was first year of SMAN 1Delitua. Primary data were collected by giving 20 questions of multiple-choicetest, the aspects contained in the tests focused on generic structure, main ideas,factual information, and Secondary data were collected by (interview, observationsheet, and questionnaire sheet. Based on analysis data, it was found that thestudent’s achievement improved. It could be seen from the comparison of result inthe orientation test and the cycle test I and II. There were only 9 students who hadpassed minimum criteria KKM in orientation test (75). The improvement showedthat in cycle I and II, based on the total average score it was 16 (42,4%) up to 26(78,7%) in cycle II, The secondary data gathered from interview, observationsheet, and questionnaire sheet, showed that students’ expression and enthusiasticalso improved. Thus, it was found that the applications of Preview, Read, Write,and Recite (PRWR) method in process of teaching improved students’achievement in reading recount text. It is suggested that English teachers applyPRWR method in teaching reading recount text.

scholarly journals Intersectional stigma and its impact on HIV prevention and care among MSM and WSW in sub-Saharan African countries: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e047280
Author(s):  
Gamji M’Rabiu Abubakari ◽  
Debbie Dada ◽  
Jemal Nur ◽  
DeAnne Turner ◽  
Amma Otchere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionResearch has established that various forms of stigma (HIV stigma, gender non-conforming stigma and same-gender sex stigma) exist across Sub-Saharan Africa and have consequences for the utilisation of HIV prevention and care services. Stigmas are typically investigated in HIV literature individually or through investigating individual populations and the various stigmas they may face. The concept of intersectionality highlights the interconnected nature of social categorisations and their ability to create interdependent systems of discrimination based on gender, race, sexuality and so on. Drawing from perspectives on intersectionality, intersectional stigma denotes the convergence of multiple marginalised identities within an individual or a group, the experiences of stigma associated with these identities as well as the synergistic impact of these experiences on health and well-being. With respect to HIV, public health scholars can examine the impacts of intersectional stigmas on HIV prevention and care utilisation.Methods and analysisReviewers will search systematically through MEDLINE, Global Health, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Africa Index Medicus and citations for quantitative studies, qualitative studies and grey literature that include data on stigma and HIV among men who have sex with men and women who have sex with women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Eligible studies will include primary or secondary data on stigma related to HIV risk factors experienced by this population. Studies will be written in French or English and be published between January 1991 and November 2020. All screening and data extraction will be performed in duplicate, and if discrepancies arise, they will be settled by GM’RA, LEN, DD or AO. Findings from this study will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as there will be no human participants and no protected data will be used in this study. We will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed manuscripts, conferences and webinars.

scholarly journals Understanding cause of stillbirth: a prospective observational multi-country study from sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamuda Aminu ◽  
Sarah Bar-Zeev ◽  
Sarah White ◽  
Matthews Mathai ◽  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Every year, an estimated 2.6 million stillbirths occur worldwide, with up to 98% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). There is a paucity of primary data on cause of stillbirth from LMIC, and particularly from sub-Saharan Africa to inform effective interventions. This study aimed to identify the cause of stillbirths in low- and middle-income settings and compare methods of assessment. Methods This was a prospective, observational study in 12 hospitals in Kenya, Malawi, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. Stillbirths (28 weeks or more) were reviewed to assign the cause of death by healthcare providers, an expert panel and by using computer-based algorithms. Agreement between the three methods was compared using Kappa (κ) analysis. Cause of stillbirth and level of agreement between the methods used to assign cause of death. Results One thousand five hundred sixty-three stillbirths were studied. The stillbirth rate (per 1000 births) was 20.3 in Malawi, 34.7 in Zimbabwe, 38.8 in Kenya and 118.1 in Sierra Leone. Half (50.7%) of all stillbirths occurred during the intrapartum period. Cause of death (range) overall varied by method of assessment and included: asphyxia (18.5–37.4%), placental disorders (8.4–15.1%), maternal hypertensive disorders (5.1–13.6%), infections (4.3–9.0%), cord problems (3.3–6.5%), and ruptured uterus due to obstructed labour (2.6–6.1%). Cause of stillbirth was unknown in 17.9–26.0% of cases. Moderate agreement was observed for cause of stillbirth as assigned by the expert panel and by hospital-based healthcare providers who conducted perinatal death review (κ = 0.69; p < 0.0005). There was only minimal agreement between expert panel review or healthcare provider review and computer-based algorithms (κ = 0.34; 0.31 respectively p < 0.0005). Conclusions For the majority of stillbirths, an underlying likely cause of death could be determined despite limited diagnostic capacity. In these settings, more diagnostic information is, however, needed to establish a more specific cause of death for the majority of stillbirths. Existing computer-based algorithms used to assign cause of death require revision.

Information technologies and seaport operational efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Adabere ◽  
Kwame Owusu Kwateng ◽  
Esther Dzidzah ◽  
Francis Tetteh Kamewor
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Positive Direct

PurposeThe introduction of information technology (IT) in port operations has been a tremendous contributor to transformation in world trade. This study was carried out to examine the influence of IT on the efficiency of seaport operations.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitative in nature, and it relied on a closed-ended self-administered questionnaire to collect primary data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the theoretical model and hypothesis.FindingsThe results indicate that IT has a positive direct effect on port operational efficiency (OE) and an indirect effect on port OE through organizational culture (OC). The mediating role of OC is statistically insignificant.Originality/valueThis is among the first few attempts in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that provides researchers with a contemporary view of IT and seaport operations.

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