Memories of Jewishness

2010 ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Todd M. Endelman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Lost Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
Distinguished Member

This chapter looks at Marcel Proust's epic, a multi-volume novel titled In Search of Lost Time, where a distinguished member of the Jockey Club named Charles Swann is regarded as a Jew before the Dreyfus affair erupted and heightened the Jew-consciousness. It explains why Marcel and others in the aristocratic world of the Faubourg Saint-Germain regarded Swann as a Jew, who saw himself in a similar light towards the end of his life. It also explores why the lines demarcating Jews from Christians became blurred between the French Revolution and the Second World War and how this blurring affected Jews who had converted to Christianity. The chapter refers to Jews in medieval and early modern Europe, with the exception of Iberian Conversos, who were not troubled by issues of collective identity. It recounts how Jews exchanged one well-defined legal and cultural status for another when they rejected Judaism and became Christians.

Karl Friedrich Schinkel

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Second World

Karl Friedrich Schinkel (b. Neuruppin, 1781–d. Berlin, 1841) was a celebrated Prussian architect, theatre set designer, artist, furniture and object designer, urban planner, and civil servant. Born into modest yet respectable circumstances as the son of a deacon, Schinkel, by virtue of his talent and work ethic, rose in his own lifetime to become one of Prussia’s most celebrated cultural figures and its chief royal architect. He worked mostly in Berlin and its surrounding territories, including in some areas that are now part of Poland. His built works suffered heavy destruction during the Second World War, but important examples still survive or have been reconstructed, including the Altes Museum, the Friedrich-Werder Church, the Theatre (Schauspielhaus), and the New Guardhouse in Berlin, as well as the Charlottenhof and Glienicke Palaces in nearby Potsdam. His paintings, drawings, and personal archives can be found mostly in collections in and around Berlin, including at various departments of the Berlin State Museums. Recent debates have surrounded the potential reconstruction of Schinkel’s celebrated masterpiece, the Berlin Bauakademie (which was demolished in 1962), bringing a consciousness of Schinkel’s legacy to the fore in German public life once again. Despite his fame in Germany and his noted status as a reference-point for German avant-garde modernism, Schinkel’s work has remained under-explored in the English language (with some notable exceptions) due to difficulties accessing both his buildings and his archives in the years between the Second World War and German reunification. Since the 1990s, however, Schinkel’s international reputation has been steadily restored due to the efforts of a number of scholars and curators who have sought to disseminate his work more widely than ever before. Schinkel’s oeuvre is as eclectic as the tools and media he employed to realize it are versatile. They reveal traces of neoclassicism and the neogothic, French Enlightenment formalism, German Romanticism and Idealism, and 19th-century historicism. But at the same time, his work resists absolute categorization, by virtue of the fact that he lived and worked suspended between two epochs: he was born too late to be immersed in the worldview of the 18th-century Enlightenment and French Revolution, but nor did he live to see Germany’s development as a fully industrialized and unified nation. Occupying this ambiguous historical moment has given Schinkel’s work a versatility, a freedom, and an inquiring rigor that has assured its originality and enduring value.

scholarly journals Remembering who owns the river

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (22_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Gerard Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Global North ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

We have discovered the elixir of life. For the first time in human existence we now know how we can avoid disease, make our lives healthier and more fulfilled, and even fend off the grim reaper himself (at least for a while). We may not have joined the immortals – many traps and snares continue to prey on us – but we are beginning to learn some of their secrets. Why then are we failing to grasp these heady opportunities? WHO data show that nine out of ten of we Europeans are dying of lifestyle diseases; that is diseases caused by our own choices – self-inflicted diseases. Despite the all too familiar consequences for our bodies, we continue to smoke the tobacco, swallow the junk food and binge on the alcohol that is killing us. Yes, there are systemic drivers at work – commercial marketing, corporate power, inequalities, addiction – but we don’t have to collaborate. No one holds a gun to our heads and commands us to eat burgers or get drunk and incapable. This paper argues that public health progress – and human progress more widely – depends on us solving the conundrum of this self-inflicted harm. The urgency of this task increases when we consider our irresponsible consumption behaviour more widely, and that it is not just harming our own health but everyone else’s too. Most egregiously anthropomorphic climate change is being caused by the free choices we in the wealthy global north make to drive SUVs, go on intercontinental holidays and accumulate a foolish excess of stuff. It need not be so. Historical experience and two millennia of thinking show we are capable of better. We have moral agency and we can make the right choice even when it is the difficult one. Indeed, it is this capacity and desire ‘ to follow after wisdom and virtue’, to rebel against injustice and malignancy, that makes us human and cements our collective identity. In the last century this realisation was focused by the terrible events of the Second World War and resulted in the formation of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Importantly these rights do not just protect us from oppression but enshrine in international law our entitlement to be an active participant in the process of progressive social change.

scholarly journals PODER MILITAR E IDENTIDADE DE GRUPO NA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL: A EXPERIÊNCIA HISTÓRICA DA PSIQUIATRIA MILITAR BRASILEIRA

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennison De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Military History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Este artigo se propõe a discutir, com relação à experiência militar da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB) na Campanha da Itália (1944/ 45) na Segunda Guerra Mundial, dois aspectos que a literatura disponível considera centrais para o entendimento da organização da violência a partir das instituições militares: as formas pelas quais se dá a construção de uma identidade coletiva entre os seus membros e o papel que dentro desse processo é desempenhado pelos sentimentos experimentados pelos indivíduos. Este artigo pretende interpretar as evidências legadas sobre esses tópicos a partir de fontes fontes legadas pela História Militar e pela Psiquiatria Militar brasileiras numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Abstract This article intends to discuss, with relationship to the military experience of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) in the Campaign of Italy (1944/45) in Second World War, two aspects that the available literature considers central for the understanding of the organization of the violence starting from the military institutions: the forms for the which works the construction of a collective identity among of its members and the paper that inside of this process it is carried out by the feelings tried by the individuals. This text intends to interpret the evidences delegated on these topics starting from sources available by the Military History and for the Psychiatry Military Brazilians in a interdisciplinar perspective.

scholarly journals Qui, entre Orient et Occident, mange de la viande, quelle viande et pourquoi ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Digard
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Afrique Du Nord ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Second World ◽  
Seconde Guerre Mondiale

Abstract: The consumption of meat depends first of all on religious prescripts: unlike Christianity, Judaism and Islam prohibit certain meats. Then comes the cultural status (distinct from the legal status) of animals: in Europe, the consumption of rabbits has declined due to his assimilation to a “pet”. After an increase in the post Second World War period, meat consumption has been declining in Europe since the 2000s; similarly, in North Africa and the Middle East, its consumption tends to be closer to that of Europe. These fluctuations owe more to changes in living modes and standards than to animalist activism.Résumé : La consommation carnée dépend d’abord de prescriptions religieuses : à la différence du christianisme, le judaïsme et l’islam interdisent certaines viandes. Vient ensuite le statut culturel (distinct du statut légal) des animaux : en Europe, la consommation du lapin a reculé du fait de son assimilation à un « animal de compagnie ». En Europe toujours, après une hausse après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la consommation carnée diminue depuis les années 2000 ; à l’inverse, en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen-Orient, elle tend à se rapprocher de celle de l’Europe. Ces fluctuations doivent davantage à l’évolution des genres et des niveaux de vie qu’au militantisme animaliste.

The scientific claims of British child guidance, 1918–45

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hygiene ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Child Guidance ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractThis article examines the British child guidance movement's claim to scientific status and what it sought to gain by the wider acceptance of such a claim. The period covered is from the movement's origins in the 1920s to the end of the Second World War, by which point it had been incorporated into the welfare state. This was also an era when science commanded high intellectual and cultural status. Child guidance was a form of psychiatric medicine that addressed the emotional and psychological difficulties that any child might experience. It thus saw itself as a form of preventive medicine and as a component of the international movement for mental hygiene. Child guidance was organized around the clinic and employed the knowledge and skills of three distinct professions: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers. Its claim to scientific status was underpinned by the movement's clinical and organizational approach and in turn derived from developments in the laboratory sciences and in academic medicine. There were, however, those even within the movement itself who challenged child guidance's purported scientific status. Such objections notwithstanding, it is suggested here that at least in its own terms the claim was justified, particularly because of the type of psychiatric approach which child guidance employed, based as it was on a form of medical holism.

The French Revolution, the Union of Avignon, and the Challenges of National Self-Determination

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-747
Author(s):  
Edward James Kolla
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
Domestic Affairs ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
The French Revolution

National self-determination was one of the most important and controversial concepts in twentieth century international relations and law. The principle has had a remarkable history, from Woodrow Wilson's assertion that the peoples of Eastern Europe ought to form their own national states in place of ruined multiethnic and multilinguistic empires after the First World War; to decolonization after the Second World War, when populations worldwide invoked a right to throw off the yoke of imperialism; to the breakup of and war in the former Yugoslavia at century's end in precisely the same area in which a nation's self-determination was first intended to be a panacea for the region's diverse peoples. And yet, national self-determination, if not always called that, has a much longer lineage. Some note its earliest appearance in 1581, when the Dutch claimed independence from Hapsburg Spain. However, it was not until the French Revolution when, as Alfred Cobban remarks, “the nation state ceased to be a simple historical fact and became the subject of a theory,” that a people's right to determine its destiny in international as in domestic affairs was first articulated and applied. The clearest instance of this articulation and application during the Revolution was the union of Avignon and France.

scholarly journals Short report on a rescue excavation of a prehistoric and Árpádian Age site near Tura (Pest County, Hungary)

2019 ◽  
pp. 515-525
Author(s):  
Bence Simon ◽  
Szilvia Joháczi ◽  
Zita Kis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Short Report ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Archaeological Sciences ◽  
Second World

The staff of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of Eötvös Loránd University conducted a rescue excavation in the northern territory of Tura (Pest County, Hungary) in the spring and autumn of 2018. The works revealed settlement and burial features of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, settlement features of the Árpádian Age, one feature from the early modern period, and some traces of military activity in the Second World War. The unexpected scientific novelty of the excavation is the discovery of an extensive Árpádian Age settlement and a brick oven in one of the pit-houses.

scholarly journals Pamięci opowiadane

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Anna Kurpiel
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World ◽  
Lower Silesia

The following article constitutes just another voice in a discussion on the social and cultural dimensions of remembrance and different relationships between different kinds of remembering and commemorating and biographical narration. On the basis of the subject literature and empirical materials, i.e. accounts of Macedonian refugees and re-emigrants from France who came to Lower Silesia after the Second World War, the author analyzes three levels of memory. They are the following: autobiographical memory seen from the angle of experience and narration, collective memory of a generation together with the concept of collective identity and the policy towards memory revealed mostly in different practices of commemorating.

Provincial Shakespeare

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Christopher Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Second World

With reference to aspects of the career of the twentieth-century actor-manager Donald Wolfit and the use of the concept of provincialism in English criticism, this article argues that idealist and universalist values are repeatedly valorised in order to devalue materialist and what might be called ‘provincial’ interpretations of Shakespeare’s plays. I pay attention to conditions of production of early modern drama in the sixteenth century, and to Wolfit’s Second World War performances of Shakespeare, the reception of which is offered as evidence for the persistence of a critical prejudice against what is understood as provincial marginality. The article concludes with a reading of The Merry Wives of Windsor that argues that the play supports the provincial values that have so often been dismissed by critics.

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