scholarly journals HOW USUAL BEHAVIOUR CAN AFFECT PERCEIVED DRIVERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE WHILE DRIVING

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Stephen Cardamone ◽  
Laura Eboli ◽  
Carmen Forciniti ◽  
Gabriella Mazzulla
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Model Formulation ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Accident Severity

Road accidents have a relevant impact in terms of economic and social costs. As a consequence, many research studies have focused on identifying the key factors affecting accident severity. Traditionally, these factors can be included in the infrastructural, human and vehicle groups. Among these, human factors have a relevant impact on accident severity, which depends on driving experience, driver’s socio-economic characteristics, and driving behaviour, but also on the driver’s psychological state while driving. In this paper we investigate on the relationships between driving behaviour usually taken by the driver and his/her perceived psychological state while driving. In order to achieve this goal we adopt an Ordered Probit (OP) model formulation calibrated on the basis of experimental data collected by a sample survey. We demonstrate that the adopted methodology accounts for the differential impacts of certain human factors on driver’s psychological state.

Identifying the Factors Affecting the Probability of Accident Severity in Community Road - Focusing on Seoul City

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 860-865
Author(s):  
You Jin Lim ◽  
Hak Ryong Moon ◽  
Won Pyoung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Technique ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Accident Severity

Since a variety of factors are associated with crash occurrence, the analysis of causes of crash is a hard task for traffic researchers and engineers. This study was attempted to identify factors affecting severity of the community road accidents. In particular, our analyses were focused on the community road accidents. A binary logistic regression technique was adopted for the analyses. The results showed that pedestrians of 65 years or older, cloudy, fence (sidewalk/driveway barrier), drivers of 24 years or younger, left/right turning, female pedestrian, non-business vehicle were dominant factors for the severity.

scholarly journals Estimation of Crash Severity on Mountainous Freeways in Chongqing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Partial Proportional Odds Model ◽  
The Times

Mountainous freeways always suffer from accidents due to special terrain, weather conditions, driving environment, and so on. Based on the records of 898 accidents that occurred on mountainous freeways in Chongqing during the past 6 years, the partial proportional odds model is used to identify the factors affecting the accident severity. The time of the accident, season, involvement of trucks, accident characteristics, speeding, maximum driving experience of involved drivers, and weather and road conditions are found to be important for the levels of accident severity. Zero to 6 a.m. and 19 to 24 p.m. are the times prone to serious traffic accidents. The probability of serious traffic accidents in summer and autumn is greater than that in spring and winter. Once a truck is involved in an accident, the consequence is often more severe. Turnover and speeding will result in a grave accident. When there is an experienced driver, the probability of serious traffic accidents is low. The fog is extremely unfavorable weather conditions. The probability of serious accident happening in the downgrade, ramp, curve, bridge, and tunnel sections is greater than the others. The results aim to provide valuable reference for traffic safety on mountainous freeways.

scholarly journals Motorist Understanding of Pavement Centre Lines and their Effect on Driving Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Erastus Mishengu Mwanaumo ◽  
Kelvin Lungu Agabu
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Directional Flow ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Retrieval Errors ◽  
Driver Error ◽  
Driver Understanding ◽  
Specific Error ◽  
Positive Effect

Human factors and more generally driver errors account for the largest number of road accidents. Driver errors are external human factors that can contribute to specific error types selected from slip, lapse, mistake and violation. Action and information retrieval errors are both examples of driver errors. The failure to interpret correctly an intended road marking’s message causes driver misunderstanding and lead to a driver error. Centre lines are examples of such markings and if misread or unrecognised may cause unintentional driver violations and unsafe driving. This study focused on the examining of driver understanding of road markings, and the influence of centre lines on their driving behaviour. This study determined that drivers had a much better understanding of the overtaking messages intended by road markings, than the directional flow message. Drivers demonstrated that they relied more on signs and other drivers to determine whether the road is a two-way or not. This study demonstrated that the presence of both centre lines and edge lines have a positive effect on a driver in handling and controlling of their vehicles’ position. It was postulated from this study that the absence of the edge lines has a more significant effect on a vehicle’s position than the absence of centre lines.

scholarly journals Leaving and Losing a Job After Childbearing in Italy: A Comparison Between 2005 and 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marina Zannella ◽  
Antonella Guarneri ◽  
Cinzia Castagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Individual

This article builds on microdata from the Birth Sample Survey (BSS) carried out by Istat in 2005 and 2012 in order to analyse changes in the occupational status of mothers of young children. We aim in particular to broaden the understanding of the individual and contextual characteristics that can affect the probability of women who were employed during pregnancy of not returning to work in the two years following the child’s birth. The study contributes to existing literature on mothers’ employment in two main ways. First, we take into consideration the different nature - voluntary or involuntary – of the motivations for not returning to work. Second, we attempt to evaluate whether the likelihood of Italian mothers to leave or lose their jobs and the factors affecting these probabilities changed between 2005 and 2012. Our results confirm human capital investments and job characteristics to be among the main determinants of women’s employment continuity after childbearing. The probability of losing a job increased significantly for mothers in 2012 compared to 2005, probably as a result of the deterioration of labour market conditions during the recession years. Conversely, the probability of leaving a job was not statistically significantly related to the year; family characteristics - the presence of a couple and features of the partner’s job - were key factors in women’s deciding not to return to work after childbearing.

scholarly journals Insights into Factors Affecting Traffic Accident Severity of Novice and Experienced Drivers: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12725
Author(s):  
Shuaiming Chen ◽  
Haipeng Shao ◽  
Ximing Ji
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Accident Severity

Traffic accidents have significant financial and social impacts. Reducing the losses caused by traffic accidents has always been one of the most important issues. This paper presents an effort to investigate the factors affecting the accident severity of drivers with different driving experience. Special focus was placed on the combined effect of driving experience and age. Based on our dataset (traffic accidents that occurred between 2005 and 2021 in Shaanxi, China), CatBoost model was applied to deal with categorical feature, and SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) model was used to interpret the output. Results show that accident cause, age, visibility, light condition, season, road alignment, and terrain are the key factors affecting accident severity for both novice and experienced drivers. Age has the opposite impact on fatal accident for novice and experienced drivers. Novice drivers younger than 30 or older than 55 are prone to suffer fatal accident, but for experienced drivers, the risk of fatal accident decreases when they are young and increases when they are old. These findings fill the research gap of the combined effect of driving experience and age on accident severity. Meanwhile, it can provide useful insights for practitioners to improve traffic safety for novice and experienced drivers.

EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenevna Mashyanova ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Financial System

In modern conditions of development, financial security is an integral part of the overall security of the region and is formed on the basis of the functioning of the financial system. The complication of relationships between key segments of international financial markets, as well as the limited ability to accurately predict future trends in the development of the global financial system, lead to a gradual increase in the risks that accompany the activities of economic entities, and an increase in the number and scale of internal and external threats that have a negative impact on the financial security of the state. This formulation of the issue requires generalization of approaches to determining the financial security of the region in order to further formalize this issue and determine the key factors affecting it. The article considers the types of financial security, as well as certain areas of ensuring the financial security of the region and their priority. In work the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the region with a view to ensuring financial security on the basis of which offers the main activities and priority areas of implementation of the investment policy that will ensure financial security of the Republic of Crimea.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Petra Skolilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.

scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Western blotting between PVDF and NC membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Shaobo Liu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Direct Blue ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWestern blotting (WB) is one of the most widely used techniques to identify proteins as well as post translational modifications of proteins. The selection of electroblotted membrane is one of the key factors affecting the detection sensitivity of the protein which is transferred from gel to membrane in WB. The most common used membranes are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose (NC) membranes. Which membrane of these two is more suitable for WB has not been reported so far. Here, by incubating proteins which were transferred to PVDF or NC membranes with a series of antibodies and different types of lectins, we investigated the relationship between the binding ability of these two membranes to proteins or glycoproteins and the molecular weight of the target protein. The antibody re-probed ability of the two membranes was also explored. Moreover, we verified the above results by directly incubating proteins having different molecular weights onto PVDF or NC membranes. Bound proteins were stained with direct blue-71, and the staining intensity was quantitated by scanning and densitometry.

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