Application of PPP Solution to Determine the Absolute Vertical Crustal Movements: Case Study for Northeastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Kowalczyk ◽  
Janusz Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Crustal Movements ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vertical Crustal Movements

To estimate the relationship between vertical movements of the Earth’s crust, geoid temporal changes and Mean Sea Level (MSL) variations, a knowledge about the absolute (determined from satellite and space techniques) height changes over time is required. In this paper, we give an idea of determining the height changes with a use of Vertical Switching Edge Detection (VSED) algorithm. On the basis of the least squares estimation, the VSED method detects the discontinuities in time series and determines the values of jumps at the same time. We used the time series from PPP (Precise Point Positioning) solution obtained in NGL (Nevada Geodetic Laboratory) using satellite data gathered at more than 50 permanent stations located in Latvia, Lithuania and northeastern Poland. The minimum time span of data was set up to 3 years. Data were pre-analyzed by removing outliers and interpolating small gaps. The obtained results give an overview of a possibility of the proposed method to be used and the ongoing vertical movements on the area we considered.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Vertical Crustal Movements along the European Coast from Satellite Altimetry, Tide Gauge, GNSS and Radar Interferometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Kamil Kowalczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Pajak ◽  
Beata Wieczorek ◽  
Bartosz Naumowicz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Gnss Time Series ◽  
Vertical Crustal Movements ◽  
European Coast

The main aim of the article was to analyse the actual accuracy of determining the vertical movements of the Earth’s crust (VMEC) based on time series made of four measurement techniques: satellite altimetry (SA), tide gauges (TG), fixed GNSS stations and radar interferometry. A relatively new issue is the use of the persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) time series to determine VMEC. To compare the PSInSAR results with GNSS, an innovative procedure was developed: the workflow of determining the value of VMEC velocities in GNSS stations based on InSAR data. In our article, we have compiled 110 interferograms for ascending satellites and 111 interferograms for descending satellites along the European coast for each of the selected 27 GNSS stations, which is over 5000 interferograms. This allowed us to create time series of unprecedented time, very similar to the time resolution of time series from GNSS stations. As a result, we found that the obtained accuracies of the VMEC determined from the PSInSAR are similar to those obtained from the GNSS time series. We have shown that the VMEC around GNSS stations determined by other techniques are not the same.

Pattern of recent vertical crustal movements in Maritime Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Vaníček
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Crustal Movements ◽  
First Order ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Velocity Surface ◽  
Maritime Canada ◽  
Vertical Crustal Movements

A surface depicting linear vertical movements in Maritime Canada was computed from sea-level data recorded by 8 tide guages and 308 mostly disjoint, relevelled segments of the first-order Canadian levelling network. Owing to the sparsity of the available data and their distribution, the velocity surface must be regarded as indicative of the crude features only. The indications are that there is a west-northwest trending belt of faster subsidence across the eastern end of the Bay of Fundy, and that there may be an area of uplift in northeastern New Brunswick. Although the faster subsidence around the eastern Bay of Fundy seems to be well established now, more data are needed to prove or dispel the existence of the indicated uplift.

scholarly journals A case study of the residual-based cointegration procedure

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Riccardo Biondini ◽  
Yan-Xia Lin ◽  
Michael Mccrae
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Financial Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Data Generating Process ◽  
Finance Theory ◽  
The Relationship

The study of long-run equilibrium processes is a significant component of economic and finance theory. The Johansen technique for identifying the existence of such long-run stationary equilibrium conditions among financial time series allows the identification of all potential linearly independent cointegrating vectors within a given system of eligible financial time series. The practical application of the technique may be restricted, however, by the pre-condition that the underlying data generating process fits a finite-order vector autoregression (VAR) model with white noise. This paper studies an alternative method for determining cointegrating relationships without such a pre-condition. The method is simple to implement through commonly available statistical packages. This ‘residual-based cointegration’ (RBC) technique uses the relationship between cointegration and univariate Box-Jenkins ARIMA models to identify cointegrating vectors through the rank of the covariance matrix of the residual processes which result from the fitting of univariate ARIMA models. The RBC approach for identifying multivariate cointegrating vectors is explained and then demonstrated through simulated examples. The RBC and Johansen techniques are then both implemented using several real-life financial time series.

15. Case Study: Constitutionally Contested Legislation

Public Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 443-482
Author(s):  
Andrew Le Sueur ◽  
Maurice Sunkin ◽  
Jo Eric Khushal Murkens
Keyword(s):  
Wild Animals ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Constitutional Conventions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks at the circumstances surrounding two events. The first is the 2005 decision of the UK Parliament to set up a committee to examine whether the constitutional conventions governing the relationship between the House of Lords and the House of Commons should be codified. The second is the decision of the Commons (and the Labour government) to press ahead and present the Hunting Bill 2004 for royal assent despite the opposition of the Lords to the policy of a total ban on hunting wild animals with dogs; the Lords preferred a policy of licensed hunting.

scholarly journals Visibility Graph Power Geometric Aggregation Operator and Its Application in Water, Energy and Food Efficiency Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3891
Author(s):  
Lihua Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Huimin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Aggregation Operator ◽  
Visibility Graph ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Geometric Operator ◽  
The Relationship

In the real decision-making process, there are so many time series values that need to be aggregated. In this paper, a visibility graph power geometric (VGPG) aggregation operator is developed, which is based on the complex network and power geometric operator. Time series data are converted into a visibility graph. A visibility matrix is developed to denote the links among different time series values. A new support function based on the distance of two values are proposed to measure the support degree of each other when the two time series values have visibility. The VGPG operator considers not only the relationship but also the similarity degree between two values. Meanwhile, some properties of the VGPG operator are also investigated. Finally, a case study for water, energy, and food coupling efficiency evaluation in China is illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed operator. Comparative analysis with the existing research is also offered to show the advantages of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Employee Benefit Plan Language And Sponsor Misconception

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Moreschi
Keyword(s):  
Business Law ◽  
Employee Benefit ◽  
Deferred Compensation ◽  
Benefit Plan ◽  
Compensation Plan ◽  
Transaction Fees ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Contract Language ◽  
The Relationship

The employee benefit plan marketplace is a multi-trillion dollar industry as measured by assets under management. Previous research suggests that even sophisticated plan sponsors and participants are uncertain about the details of their plan. The variety of fee types, (wrap fees, transaction fees, participant fees, and set-up fees) and the use of industry jargon can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. This paper is a case study of an actual deferred compensation plan. We examine the business law aspects of the relationship, particularly how the complexity of the product, coupled with the contract language, could lead to plan sponsor and participant misunderstanding.

scholarly journals Public Health Disasters and the Evolution of Pandemic Response Structures: A Case Study of MERS in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Chang Jiyoun
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Leadership Communication ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Over Time

This study focuses on the Korean MERS epidemic and analyzes how governance structures were set up to respond to it. Compared to other countries` responses, which were built on both hierarchical and network structures, the Korean MERS response structure evolved over time. In the first period hierarchy characterized the relationship between the central government and hospitals. In the second period, heterarchy replaced hierarchy, and in the last period heterarchy evolved into a network governance structure. Furthermore, it was found that leadership, communication, information sharing and use of information technology affected the formation of the response structures. I conclude by exploring limitations in my research and suggesting paths and perspectives for further research.

Evaluation theory and its application to military assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Andrew Keith ◽  
Darryl Ahner ◽  
Nicole Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Evaluation theory provides a rigorous foundation for the practice of military operation assessment. Government and industry assessors have used evaluation theory to improve the effectiveness of assessment across a wide range of fields. This article focuses on the relationship between evaluation theory and military assessment. We briefly survey the major evaluation approaches with a focus on connecting the theoretical models to practical security-related applications. These evaluation approaches include expertise-oriented, program-oriented, decision-oriented, and participant-oriented models. Within the overarching framework of these approaches, we consider alternative monitoring and evaluation designs in detail, including descriptive designs (case study, cross-sectional, time-series), quasi-experimental designs (interrupted time-series, comparison group, case study), and experimental designs (posttest-only, pre-post). Then, we discuss quantitative and qualitative methods for analyzing and reporting uncertainty with respect to each design alternative, with an emphasis on mixed-method approaches. Throughout the review, we make the relationship between evaluation theory and operation assessment practice explicit through examples, and we suggest more detailed references where appropriate.

Media Education and the Limits of Assessment

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Media Learning ◽  
Further Education Colleges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This paper is concerned with subject identity and assessment in the case of contemporary English (UK) Media Studies. It explores the relationship between the ‘spirit’ of Media Studies, notions of its relative value and its institutionalised version, ‘Subject Media’ (its authority, as administered by examiners). The case study given attention is the first examination of a new specification for AS (Advanced Subsidiary) Media Studies, held by the English awarding body, OCR, in 2000. The AS level is taken after GCSE and before the full A Level (A2), usually by students aged 16–17 in school sixth form or further education colleges. The paper suggests, through analysis of examiner discourse, that the assessment of media learning is not yet organised into a ‘vertical discourse’ (Bernstein, 1996), although examiners will it to be so. These findings set up the possibility that the distinguishing features of Media Studies in England might be over-stated.

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