scholarly journals Risk factors associated with horizontal transmission of hepatitis B viral infection from parents to children in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griselda Escobedo-Melendez ◽  
Arturo Panduro ◽  
Alfredo Celis ◽  
Sonia Roman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children is a health problem worldwide. In Mexico, a high prevalence rate of HBV infection and occult HBV infection have been reported in high-risk adults and children. However, studies regarding HBV infection transmitted from HBV-infected parents to children are limited. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with HBV transmission of HBV from parents to children in Mexico. Methodology: A retrospective case-control study was carried out in 24 pediatric patients with clinical HBV infection and 48 healthy controls. Bivariate and forward conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compare demographic variables, the status of HBV vaccination, and risk factors for HBV infection transmission among children and their parents. Results: No newborns were diagnosed with HBV infection, and no significant differences were found in age (p = 0.209) or gender (p = 0.612) compared to the control group. The independent risk factor associated with HBV transmission was the presence of a parent with a history of promiscuity (OR = 30.95, 95%CI = 3.382-283.326; p = 0.002), whereas having completed the HBV vaccination schedule for their age was a protective factor against HBV infection in the children (OR = 0.245, 95%CI = 0.079-0.764; p = 0.015). Conclusions: HBV infection in Mexican children is associated with close interpersonal contact with a parent engaged in high-risk sexual practices suggesting that the horizontal route could be the primary mode of infection. Child and adult vaccination campaigns should be reinforced to avoid HBV infection in Mexico.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors concerning hepatitis B virus infections in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Xu ◽  
G. X. Xiao ◽  
J. M. Li ◽  
H. X. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

AbstractBeijing–Tianjin–Hebei is the largest urban agglomeration in northern China, but the spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors concerning hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence in this area have been unclear. The present study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal epidemiological features of HBV infection and quantify the association between HBV infection and socio-economic risk factors. The data on HBV cases in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei from 2007 to 2012 was collected for each county. The Bayesian space–time hierarchy model and the GeoDetector method were used to reveal spatiotemporal patterns and detect risk factors. High-risk regions were mainly distributed in the underdeveloped rural areas in the north and mid-south of the study region, while low-risk regions were mainly distributed in the urban and western areas. The HBV annual incidence rate decreased substantially over the 6-year period, dropping from 7.34/105 to 5.51/105. Compared with this overall trend, 38.5% of high-risk counties showed a faster decrease, and 35.9% of high-risk counties exhibited a slower decrease. Meanwhile, 29.7% of low-risk counties had a faster decrease, and 44.6% of low-risk counties exhibited a slower decrease. Socio-economic factors were strongly associated with the spatiotemporal patterns and variation. The population density and gross domestic product per capita were negatively associated with HBV transmission, with determinant powers of 0.17 and 0.12, respectively. The proportion of primary industry and the number of healthcare workers were positively associated with the disease incidence, with determinant powers of 0.11 and 0.8, respectively. The interactive effect between population density and the other factors exerted a greater influence on HBV transmission than that of these factors measured independently.

scholarly journals Epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus in Pakistani population

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Waheed ◽  
Talha Bin-Rahat ◽  
Sher Zaman Safi ◽  
Ishtiaq Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Abstract Hepatitis B virus prevalence is increasing in Pakistani population. National level estimates regarding the prevalence are missing. People are unaware of the risk factors involved in HBV transmission. The objective of the study was to review the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors associated with HBV transmission in Pakistani Population. Literature search was done by using keyword HBV prevalence, genotypes and risk factors from Pakistani population at Pubmed, PakMediNet and Google scholar. Six different studies showed that the percentage prevalence of HBV in general population was 4.61±0.73%, and 21 different studies showed the percentage prevalence of 2.33±0.46% in blood donors. High prevalence of 7.94±1.49% and 12.86±4.52% were observed in multi transfused and IDU populations. Six different studies showed that the major prevalent genotype was D. Awareness regarding various risk factors involved in-viral transmission was very low. Prevalence of HBV was very high in multitransfused populations due to non-implementations of international standards regarding blood transfusions. Barbers were unaware of the risk factors associated with their shops in viral transmission. Practices of unsterilized dental and surgical instruments and recycling of syringes were major factors in viral transmission. Massive awareness and vaccination programs are required to decrease the future burden of HBV from Pakistani population.

Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus From a Surgeon to his Patients During High-Risk and Low-Risk Surgical Procedures During 4 Years

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid J. B. Spijkerman ◽  
Leen-Jan van Doorn ◽  
Maria H. W. Janssen ◽  
Clementine J. Wijkmans ◽  
Marijke A. J. Bilkert-Mooiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Hbv Markers ◽  
B Virus

Objective:We investigated cases of acute hepatitis B in The Netherlands that were linked to the same general surgeon who was infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV).Design:A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 1,564 patients operated on by the surgeon. Patients were tested for serologic HBV markers. A case–control study was performed to identify risk factors.Results:The surgeon tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) with a high viral load. He was a known nonresponder after HBV vaccination and had apparently been infected for more than 10 years. Forty-nine patients (3.1%) were positive for HBV markers. Transmission of HBV from the surgeon was confirmed in 8 patients, probable in 2, and possible in 18. In the remaining 21 patients, the surgeon was not implicated. Two patients had a chronic HBV infection. One case of secondary transmission from a patient to his wife was identified. HBV DNA sequences from the surgeon were completely identical to sequences from 7 of the 28 patients and from the case of secondary transmission. The duration of the operation and the occurrence of complications during or after surgery were identified as independent risk factors. Although the risk of HBV infection during high-risk procedures was 7 times higher than that during low-risk procedures, at least 8 (28.6%) of the 28 patients were infected during low-risk procedures.Conclusions:Transmission of HBV from surgeons to patients at a low rate can remain unnoticed for a long period of time. Prevention requires a more stringent strategy for vaccination and testing of surgeons and optimization of infectious disease surveillance. Policies allowing HBV-infected surgeons to perform presumably low-risk procedures should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Screening for Patients With Cancer Before Therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Provisional Clinical Opinion Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 2212-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Hwang ◽  
Mark R. Somerfield ◽  
Devena E. Alston-Johnson ◽  
Donna R. Cryer ◽  
Jordan J. Feld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
American Society ◽  
Hbv Screening

Purpose This updated provisional clinical opinion presents a revised opinion based on American Society of Clinical Oncology panel consensus in the context of an evolving database. Context Despite the 2010 provisional clinical opinion recommendation, there is still evidence of suboptimal hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening among patients at high risk for HBV infection or HBV reactivation after chemotherapy. This updated provisional clinical opinion introduces a risk-adaptive strategy to identify and treat patients with HBV infection to reduce their risk of HBV reactivation. Provisional Clinical Opinion Medical providers should screen by testing patients for HBV infection before starting anti-CD20 therapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation. Providers should also screen patients with risk factors for HBV infection. Screening should include both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), because reactivation can occur in patients who are HBsAg positive/anti-HBc positive or HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive. Either total anti-HBc or anti-HBc immunoglobulin G (not immunoglobulin M) test should be used. Clinicians should start antiviral therapy for HBsAg-positive/anti-HBc–positive patients before or contemporaneously with cancer therapy and monitor HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc–positive patients for reactivation with HBV DNA and ALT levels, promptly starting antivirals if reactivation occurs. Clinicians can initiate antivirals for HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc–positive patients anticipating cancer therapies associated with a high risk of reactivation, or they can monitor HBV DNA and ALT levels and initiate on-demand antivirals. For patients who neither have HBV risk factors nor anticipate cancer therapy associated with a high risk of reactivation, current evidence does not support HBV screening before initiation of cancer therapy. Two panel members provided a minority viewpoint, involving a strategy of universal HBsAg and selective anti-HBc testing.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B in Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Data related to epidemiology, distributions and outcomes of VHB infections in Tunisia remains scarce. This work aimed to study the prevalence of HBV infections and their distribution as well as the main risk factors associated to HBV infection. Methods Our study was a cross-sectional household- based study carried out among a representative sample of 22 275 from January 2014 to December 2015. Sampling was based on the National Census of 2014. For data collection, questionnaires were administrated by trained investigator and blood samples were sent to the Reference laboratory for analysis of HBV markers. Results Among 21720 surveyed subjects, 19663 subjects had a laboratory tests and the serological results reached to 19155. Overall prevalence of HBs Ag was 1.7% [1.6-1.9]. Prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher in men (2.1% against 1.4%; p < 10-3), in age group more than 20 years (2.1% against 0.1% p ≪10-3) and in the Central region (2.3%; p < 10-3). Among the associated risk factors in univariate analysis were chronic dialysis, dental care, surgical intervention, hospitalization, traditional circumcision, scarification and multiple sexual partners. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age over 20 years, center and south regions, hospital follow-up of a chronic pathology and having a family member chronic carrier of HBs Ag were the associated risk factors of HBV infection and vaccination was the only protective factor. Conclusions Our study allowed to have a clear estimate of the national prevalence of HBsAg and to classify Tunisia as a country of low endemicity of Hepatitis B. This decline is mainly due to the introduction of vaccination since 1995 and the improvement of the health system. However, more efforts should be paid to reduce nosocomial transmission and traditional high-risk behaviors. Key messages Tunisia has become a country of low endemicity for hepatitis B. This was a result to the introduction of vaccination since 1995.

Serological markers and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B Virus infection among Federal Capital Territory Prison inmates, Nigeria: should we be concerned?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma Cindy Dan Nwafor ◽  
Ikeola Adeoye ◽  
Kehinde Aderemi ◽  
Martins Onuoha ◽  
Elizabeth Adedire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hyper-endemic in Nigeria. Prisons are high-risk environments for the spread of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections. Prevalence of HBV infection is disproportionately higher among individuals in correctional facilities worldwide when compared to general population. We determined the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HBV infection among Kuje prison inmates, Nigeria.Methods: We conducted a prison facility based cross-sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on participants socio-demographic characteristics, HBV risk factors, previous HBV test and vaccination history. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb markers using rapid lateral chromatographic immunoassay kit. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were performed.Results: A total of 271 inmates (63 convicts and 208 awaiting trial inmates) were recruited into the study as participants. The mean age of the participants was 32.7 SD±9 years. HBV sero-prevalence of 13.7%(95%CI;9.8-18.3) was found. 55.4%(95%CI;49.2-61.4) of inmates were susceptible to HBV infection, 20.7% (95%CI;16.0-26.0) had past or resolved HBV infection while 10.3%(95%CI; 7.0-14.6) had acquired natural or artificial HBV immunity. Factors found to be associated with HBV infection include age-group ≤25years (aOR=8.0;95%CI:2.9-22.3), being ever married (aOR=4.2;95%CI:1.7-10.4) and history of alcohol consumption (aOR=3.4; 95%CI:1.3-8.4).Conclusion: This study reveals a high seroprevalence of HBV infection among Kuje Prison inmates, hence the need to introduce prison-focused health intervention initiatives such as HBV screening, vaccination and care to reduce the transmission of HBV infection among inmates and ultimately the general population.

scholarly journals Serological pattern of anti-HBc alone infers occult hepatitis B virus infection in high-risk individuals in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitis Ramezani ◽  
Mohammad Banifazl ◽  
Ali Eslamifar ◽  
Arezoo Aghakhani
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Risk Patients

Introduction: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc) alone is defined as the presence of anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. The significance of this serological pattern as a predicting factor for occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the significance of anti-HBc alone in predicting occult HBV infection in high-risk and low-risk individuals. Methodology: A total of 926 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 289 hemodialysis (HD) and 106 HIV-infected patients who were considered as a high-risk group and 531 blood donors who were considered as low-risk. HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc were tested in all subjects. The presence of HBV-DNA was determined quantitatively in patients with anti-HBc alone by real-time PCR. Results: Of the 395 high-risk patients, 40 cases (10.13%) had anti-HBc alone, while 11 subjects (2.07%) out of 531 blood donors had anti-HBc alone. HBV-DNA was detected in 12 out of 40 (30%) high-risk patients and none of the blood donors with anti-HBc alone. Conclusion: Our study showed that the serological pattern of anti-HBc alone could reflect occult HBV infection in high risk cases but did not presume occult HBV infection in low-risk individuals.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and associated risk factors among pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirin Cetin ◽  
Meryem Cetin ◽  
Ebru Turhan ◽  
Kenan Dolapcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a serious global public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of the University Hospital in Antioch, Turkey. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2016 and December 2016. The Chi-squared was utilized to estimate the statistical significance of the association between socio-demographic variables and HBsAg status. The results were generated as proportions odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and calculated by using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 2.1%. A significant association was observed between age and HBsAg seropositivity (p = 0.027). History of blood transfusion (AOR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.92-46.80, p = 0.006), history of hepatitis (AOR = 11.13, 95% CI = 2.02-61.28, p = 0.006), tattooing (AOR = 13.64, 95% CI = 2.52-73.76, p = 0.002) and a history of household/close contact (AOR = 11.10, 95% CI = 1.56-78.65, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions: Data regarding the seroprevalence of HBsAg and risk factors associated with HBV infection in pregnant women plays a crucial role in evaluating the effectiveness of the public health protection policies and the strategies to control the disease.

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