scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B in Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Data related to epidemiology, distributions and outcomes of VHB infections in Tunisia remains scarce. This work aimed to study the prevalence of HBV infections and their distribution as well as the main risk factors associated to HBV infection. Methods Our study was a cross-sectional household- based study carried out among a representative sample of 22 275 from January 2014 to December 2015. Sampling was based on the National Census of 2014. For data collection, questionnaires were administrated by trained investigator and blood samples were sent to the Reference laboratory for analysis of HBV markers. Results Among 21720 surveyed subjects, 19663 subjects had a laboratory tests and the serological results reached to 19155. Overall prevalence of HBs Ag was 1.7% [1.6-1.9]. Prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher in men (2.1% against 1.4%; p < 10-3), in age group more than 20 years (2.1% against 0.1% p ≪10-3) and in the Central region (2.3%; p < 10-3). Among the associated risk factors in univariate analysis were chronic dialysis, dental care, surgical intervention, hospitalization, traditional circumcision, scarification and multiple sexual partners. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age over 20 years, center and south regions, hospital follow-up of a chronic pathology and having a family member chronic carrier of HBs Ag were the associated risk factors of HBV infection and vaccination was the only protective factor. Conclusions Our study allowed to have a clear estimate of the national prevalence of HBsAg and to classify Tunisia as a country of low endemicity of Hepatitis B. This decline is mainly due to the introduction of vaccination since 1995 and the improvement of the health system. However, more efforts should be paid to reduce nosocomial transmission and traditional high-risk behaviors. Key messages Tunisia has become a country of low endemicity for hepatitis B. This was a result to the introduction of vaccination since 1995.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among barbers and their clients in two cities in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Brice Ngoupa ◽  
Patrick Achiangia Njukeng ◽  
Eric Ngoh Akwa ◽  
Michel Kengne ◽  
Ubald Tamoufe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in Africa and worldwide. Barbers are regularly in contact with the blood fluid of their clients, who could develop skin cuts and abrasions during shaving practices. There is scarcity of information about HBV among barbers in Cameroon. This study presents seroprevalence and associated risk factors for HBV infection among barbers and their clients in two cities (Yaounde and Douala) in Cameroon.Methods: Three millilitres of venous blood was collected into EDTA tubes from each of the 262 consenting participants. Plasma was obtained and transported to the Military Health Research Centre (CRESAR) for analysis. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined by a rapid diagnostic test (DiaSpot HBsAg) and confirmed with an ELISA sandwich test. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 21.Results: Thirty-three participants tested positive, giving an overall prevalence of 12.6%. A seroprevalence of 15.0% and 10.6% was obtained for barbers and their clients respectively. In Yaounde, the frequency of HBsAg among barbers and their clients was 14.9% and 10.4% respectively, while in Douala it was 15.4% and 11.1% respectively. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in these groups. There was also no statistically significant association between the knowledge of the modes of HBV transmissions and HBV status.Conclusion: The present study reveals that the rate of HBsAg among the study population is high in Cameroon and most people are not still properly sensitised regarding prevention measures.

Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
Md Shahinul Alam ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Government

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149

scholarly journals Obesity and Overweight in Relation to Hypertension and Associated Risk in School Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Gorantla Naresh Babu ◽  
P. Jameela ◽  
S. Jafar Sharif ◽  
A. Ramya ◽  
K. Ziyaul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aim: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The main aim of this study is to assess obesity and overweight in school children and their relationship to hypertension and associated risk factors. Study Design: Population based cross sectional study. Results and Discussion: A total number of 712 students with age group between 7-12 years from different school were screened for their height, weight and body mass index. The present study was aimed to assess obesity and overweight in school children and their relationship to hypertension and associated risk factors.  Under weight and healthy weight children are engaged in physical activities like playing in ground and thus they are healthy where the children who found as overweight and obese were not engaged in physical activities regularly and thus this might be the reason for their overweight and obesity. At the same time the children who found as obese and overweight were said that they were having fast foods twice a day. Conclusion: In order to get rid of these risks and their associated cardiovascular risks, their food habits must be changed and physical activities needs to be improved.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Shimian Zou ◽  
Antonio Giulivi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Escape Mutants ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE:To provide a current and comprehensive review of the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Canada.DATA SOURCES:Published and unpublished epidemiological studies and surveillance reports of the past decade, primarily from Canada were studied. Fifty reports addressing HBV surveillance, incidence and prevalence, transmission-associated risk factors, co-infections, and prevention strategies were reviewed.DATA SYNTHESIS:HBV infection is an important vaccine-preventable infectious disease in Canada. The incidence rate of clinically recognized, acute HBV infection in 1998/1999 was estimated to be 2.3/100,000 people or approximately 700 cases a year. The prevalence of HBV carriers is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, but varies substantially according to population-specific risk factors. Most acute HBV infections are associated with injection drug use or high risk heterosexual activities, but 20% to 30% of acute cases did not report any identified risk factors. Surveillance activities such as the National Notifiable Disease Reporting system provide information regarding trends and risk factors. The primary preventive strategy for HBV consists of universal immunization for preadolescents and/or infants. Other strategies, such as the universal prenatal screening and postnatal immunization, and the prevention of nosocomial acquistion, are also important. The recently described hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) escape mutants may not be detected by current HBsAg test assays, and the existing HBV vaccines may not protect vaccinees from infections by such mutants.CONCLUSION:Ongoing surveillance and research are required to assess risk factors for HBV transmission, evaluate the effectiveness of immunization programs and monitor the impact of HBsAg escape mutants.

scholarly journals Exposure time to hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors among children in Edirne, Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OTKUN ◽  
M. S. ERDOGAN ◽  
M. TATMAN-OTKUN ◽  
F. AKATA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Turkey, but the main routes of transmission were not well established. This study aims to detect the exposure time to HBV and associated risk factors among children. In a sampling group of chıldren aged 0–19 years living in Edirne, antiHBc, antiHBs and HBsAg were screened by the microELISA method. A questionnaire was also completed for each child. In 717 children that were included in the study, the total antiHBc seropositivity was 5·4% and was 1·8, 0·8, 1·7, 6·8, 11·8% in 0–1, 2–5, 6–10, 11–14, 15–19 years age groups respectively. The overall HBsAg seropositivity was 1·7%. The risk of HBV infection increased after the age of 10 years (OR 7·79, 95% CI 3·01–20·16). Collective circumcision was the only independent factor according to regression analysis. Children living in Edirne should be vaccinated against HBV before reaching 11 years of age.

scholarly journals Pleural Effusion Related to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation: A Rare Association

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Oliveira ◽  
Diana Valadares ◽  
Filipe Nery
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus

Despite worldwide vaccination campaigns, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem. The natural history ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe liver injury or failure, chronic complications or reactivation episodes. The effects of HBV on the organism are immunomediated, possibly triggering extrahepatic manifestations. Since 1971, only a few cases of pleural effusion related to HBV infection have been described. We report HBV-associated pleural effusion occurring during a viral reactivation episode. Antiviral treatment directed towards pleural effusion related to HBV infection should be dictated by underlying liver disease severity and not pleural effusion severity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in a populated area with highly moving populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht ◽  
Arman Mosavat ◽  
Reza Hekmat ◽  
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hematologic Tests ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD was evaluated in the greater Mashhad, a highly populated pilgrimage city, in 2018 on 2,976 subjects.MethodsThis study was carried out in the greater Mashhad, a highly populated pilgrimage city, in 2018 on 2,976 subjects. For each participant a standard questionnaire, a physical examination and clinical history were completed. Then biochemical and hematologic tests for kidney function were performed.ResultsObesity was observed more frequently in subjects with CKD, thus BMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of CKD (p<0.001). Moderately reduced GFR was found in 17.6% and 7.1%, and severely reduce GFR at 0.7% and 0.5%, of males and females, respectively (p<0.001).Drug abuse also showed a strong association with CKD (p=0.004), but smoking did not. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression of decreased estimated GFR<60 showed that age (OR=1.06), gender (OR=2.14), diabetes (OR=1.07), hypertension (OR=1.39) and drug usage (OR=3.29) were risk factors for CKD; BMI was not. The same statistics showed that only age (OR=1.02), diabetes (OR=2.61) and hypertension (OR=1.16) were risk factors for albuminuria. The prevalence of hypertension (22.1%) was a risk factor for CKD, and vice versa. BMI and drug abuse were also risk factors for hypertension, but not smoking.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that progression of CKD and hypertension in any population should be considered in the context of changes in human behaviours, etiology, disease severity, co-occurring diseases, addiction and priority of therapy over prevention.

scholarly journals Development a Nomogram for Predicting Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients with Biliary Calculi after Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Chen ◽  
Wangxin Zhou ◽  
Xiandong Zhu ◽  
Yinhe Tang ◽  
Haibiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Biliary Surgery ◽  
Biliary Calculi

Abstract Objective: To find out the risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ( ICC ) in patients who underwent biliary surgery for biliary calculi, and to develop a nomogram to better predict the occurrence of ICC.Methods: Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 322 patients who underwent biliary tract surgery for biliary calculi in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2000 to December 2017.Of these patients, 58 patients had biliary calculi complicated with ICC while the other 294 patients had simple biliary calculi. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to find out the risk factors related to ICC, and a nomogram was further developed based on the results of multivariate analysis.Results: The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age composition (≤ 60 years old, > 60 years old), liver cirrhosis, stone history and previous hepatitis B infection (HBsAg- and HBcAb+) between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that liver cirrhosis (OR=2.011, 95%CI=1.023-3.952), stone history (OR=1.086, 95%CI=1.051-1.112) and age > 60 (OR=2.045, 95%CI=1.059-3.948) were the risk factors of ICC, while previous hepatitis B infection (HBsAg- and HBcAb+) (OR=0.461, 95%CI=0.215-0.989) was the protective factor. After drawing a nomogram, it was found that the area under the curve was 0.753 (95% CI=0.686-0.818), and the best cutoff value obtained by Youden index was 0.164. Moreover, the calibration curve indicated the best consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability.Conclusion: We developed a nomogram, which was novel and accurate, to predict the risk of ICC in patients received biliary surgery for biliary calculi. This nomogram is of certain significance for the early detection of ICC.

Suicide risk assessment: searching for true positive

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
Evan Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Suicide is a major public health problem and the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Due to low base rates and the numerous comorbid risk factors associated with suicide, accurate prediction is difficult. This is particularly true for adolescents and young adults. In this article, some associated risk factors are discussed in the context of two high-risk populations (young adult prison inmates and young adult veterans) and several recommendations are made for conducting suicide risk assesments. General prescriptions for intervention are also outlined with the goal of reducing overly defensive practice and increasing the likelihood that high-risk individuals will receive effective intervention. Finally, several suggestions for future research are made.

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