scholarly journals Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from children with diarrhea in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casmir Ifeanyichukwu Cajetan Ifeanyi ◽  
Nkiruka Florence Ikeneche ◽  
Bassey Enya Bassey ◽  
Nazek Al-Gallas ◽  
Ridha Ben Aissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cell Adherence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: Escherichia coli are frequently isolated from diarrheic children in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria, but their virulent properties are not routinely evaluated. Therefore, the etiology of childhood diarrheal disease attributable to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in Abuja, Nigeria remains unknown. Methodology: Stool specimens from 400 acute diarrheic children between 0 and 60 months of age were studied.E. coli strains isolated were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for nine virulence genes and HEp-2 cell adherence to detect and identify five distinct diarrheagenic E. coli categories. Results: Diarrheagenic E.coli was detected in 51 (12.8%) of the diarrheic children. The observed DEC pathotypes were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in 18 (4.5%) children, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in 16 (4.0%), enteroaggrative E. coli (EAEC) in 8 (2.0%), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in 6 (1.5%), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) in 3 (0.8%). Four (1.0 %) EPEC strains with only the eae+ gene that adhered diffusely to HEp-2 cell were identified as atypical EPEC. All the DEC categories except atypical EPEC were identified in children between 6 and 12 months of age. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for routine evaluation of diarrheic children for virulence properties of infectious DEC. Atypical EPEC are emerging among the DEC pathotypes isolated from childhood acute gastroenteritis in Abuja, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains from drinking water in Khartoum State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehssan H. Moglad ◽  
Omima Abdl El Jalil Adam ◽  
Maram M. Alnosh ◽  
Hisham N. Altayb
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence of virulence genes in all the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli DEC strains (EAEC, EHEC, EIEC, EPEC, and ETEC) isolated from drinking water from Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 46 drinking water samples obtained from different water sources were analyzed for the presence of E. coli as fecal contamination indicator and the antimicrobial-resistant pattern of isolated E. coli DEC strain was investigated. The bacterial genomic DNA was used as a template for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) for the detection of the EHEC (stx gene), EIEC (ipaH gene), EPEC (eae gene), and EAEC (aggR gene) as virulence and biomarker genes. Our results showed that ipaH gene was found in 41.3% (19/46) of isolates, and aggR gene detected in 30.4% (14/46) of isolates. Both aggR and ipaH were found positive in 9 (19.5%) isolates and as well the combination of aggR and stx genes were detected in 2 (4.3%) isolates. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of DEC strains in drinking water from different resources and locations. Such findings require separate future clinical research studies to examine waterborne pathogens that exist in this state's water and find a management solution to stop or avoid potential outbreaks.

scholarly journals An outbreak of gastroenteritis in Osaka, Japan due to Escherichia coli serogroup O166[ratio ]H15 that had a coding gene for enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1)

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. ZHOU ◽  
J. OGASAWARA ◽  
Y. NISHIKAWA ◽  
Y. SETO ◽  
A. HELANDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Colonization Factors ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In an outbreak of gastroenteritis on 23 July 1996, in Osaka, Japan, 54 of 91 persons who had attended a meeting the previous day became ill. Escherichia coli O166[ratio ]H15 was isolated from stool specimens of patients (29/33, 88%). Laboratory tests for other bacterial pathogens and viruses were negative. The E. coli O166 organisms did not adhere to HEp-2 cells in a localized, diffuse, or enteroaggregative manner. The organisms did not express known enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) colonization factors. In polymerase chain reaction tests, the bacteria did not have coding genes for shigatoxin of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), heat-labile, or heat-stable enterotoxin of ETEC, attachment and effacement (eaeA) of EPEC, or invasion (invE) of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). Consequently, they could not be assigned to any of the recognized diarrhoeagenic groups of E. coli: EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, EIEC, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC), or diffusely adhering E. coli. However, the organisms possessed the EAggEC heat-stable enterotoxin (EAST1) gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak caused by E. coli that did not have well-characterized virulence genes other than EAST1. The isolates showed the same DNA banding pattern in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion with the restriction enzymes XbaI or NotI. Three O166[ratio ]H15 strains isolated from two sporadic cases and another outbreak during 1997–8 were distinct, indicating that multiple clones have spread already. We propose that diarrhoeal specimens should be examined for E. coli possessing the EAST1 gene.

scholarly journals High Frequency of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in HIV-Infected Patients and Patients with Thalassemia in Kerman, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Alizade ◽  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
Zahedeh Naderi ◽  
Reza Ghanbarpour ◽  
Mehdi Bamorovat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study was conducted on patients with thalassemia and HIV-infected patients to determine the frequency of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Kerman, Iran. We analyzed 68 and 49 E coli isolates isolated from healthy fecal samples of patients with thalassemia and HIV-infected patients, respectively. The E coli isolates were studied using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to identify the enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC), and enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC) groups. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the correlation of diarrheagenic E coli between HIV-infected patients and patients with thalassemia using Stata 11.2 software. The frequency of having at least 1 diarrheagenic E coli was more common in patients with thalassemia (67.64%) than in HIV-infected patients (57.14%; P = .25), including ETEC (67.64% versus 57.14%), EHEC (33.82% versus 26.53%), and EPEC (19.11% versus 16.32%). The results of this study indicate that ETEC, EHEC, and EPEC pathotypes are widespread among diarrheagenic E coli isolates in patients with thalassemia and HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Screening of AmpC-/ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from livestock for STEC/EHEC virulence genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3147
Author(s):  
F PEHLIVANOGLU
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flagellar Antigen

Livestock is an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (STEC/EHEC) strains and acts as a significant source of transmission to humans. In addition to the virulence of STEC/EHEC isolates, antibiotic resistance is also an escalating problem in these bacteria and increases the risk to public health. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore E. coli O157:H7 serotype and STEC/EHEC virulence genes in AmpC- and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates from cattle, chicken and sheep. A total of 61 confirmed AmpC- or ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, espP, katP and saa) and E. coli O157 (rfbO157) and H7 (fliCH7) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). None of the ESBL-producing E. coli was positive for these genes, but six multidrug-resistant AmpC-producing E. coli were positive for the fliCH7 gene only. When considering the function of the H7 flagellar antigen of E. coli, it may be concluded that the development of ESBL/AmpC beta-lactamase production in the E. coli isolates with H7 flagella, which reside in the chicken intestine, may be potentially important for public health regarding both virulence and antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Morcatti Coura ◽  
Amanda Nadia Diniz ◽  
Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior ◽  
Andrey Pereira Lage ◽  
Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Virulence Factor Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1

ABSTRACT: This study identified the virulence genes, pathovars, and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains obtained from the feces of dogs with and without diarrhea. Virulence genes and phylogenetic group identification were studied using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty-seven E. coli isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor gene. Twenty-one (57.8%) of the positive isolates were isolated from diarrheal feces and sixteen (43.2%) were from the feces of non-diarrheic dogs. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) were the most frequently (62.2%) detected pathovar in dog feces and were mainly from phylogroup B1 and E. Necrotoxigenic E. coli were detected in 16.2% of the virulence-positive isolates and these contained the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) gene and were classified into phylogroups B2 and D. All E. coli strains were negative for the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) enterotoxin genes, but four strains were positive for ETEC-related fimbriae 987P and F18. Two isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains and contained the toxin genesStx2 or Stx2e, both from phylogroup B1. Our data showed that EPEC was the most frequent pathovar and B1 and E were the most common phylogroups detected in E. coli isolated from the feces of diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs.

scholarly journals Verotoxins in commensal Escherichia coli in cattle: the effect of injectable subcutaneous oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline on prevalence

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. O'CONNOR ◽  
K. A. ZIEBELL ◽  
C. POPPE ◽  
S. A. McEWEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Using a self-paired observational study, the association between therapeutic oxytetracycline use and the prevalence of virulence genes in commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) from cattle was examined. Faeces were collected from 39 yearling bulls prior to and after treatment with oxytetracycline and from 44 untreated animals. Between samplings all animals received in-feed chlortetracycline for 16 days. Five E. coli were isolated from each sample and tested by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capable of detecting all verotoxin (vt) genes. Positive isolates were further tested with a multiplex PCR to detect vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA. For vt, 23 animals were positive at both samplings, 26 negative at both samplings, 22 negative animals became positive and 12 positive animals became negative. Sixty-eight per cent of the discordant pairs changed from vt-negative to vt-positive (95% CI 48–80) suggesting pressure toward becoming vt-positive perhaps due to the transfer of genes due to mixing of cattle in the months between samplings or an effect of chlortetracycline.

scholarly journals Diverse Escherichia coli pathovars of phylogroups B2 and D isolated from animals in Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Kilani ◽  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Sana Ferjani ◽  
Rakia Ben Salem ◽  
Riadh Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: The virulent Escherichia coli strains responsible for extraintestinal infections were mainly belonged to B2 and D phylogroups. However, no past studies have determinate via the presence of virulence genes the frequency of E. coli pathovars recovered from animals housed in farms in Tunisia. The aims of this study were to investigate 26 E. coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic animals and to determinate via the presence of virulence genes the frequency of pathovars. Methodology: Twenty-six E. coli isolates of phylogroups B2 (n = 14), B22 (n = 9), B23 (n = 5), and D2 (n = 12) were characterized. Genes encoding virulence factors (fimH,eaeA,aggC,papC, papG allele III, hlyA, east1, cnf1, exhA,stx1, stx2, iutA, fyuA, ibeA,and ipaH), and antibiotic resistance as well as class 1 and 2 integrons were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic relationship of isolates was done by PFGE. Results: According to the occurrence of specific genes the 26 isolates were classified as:9 EAEC, 2 EHEC, 4 UPEC, 3 EPEC/EHEC and 1 NTEC. Therefore, 2 Ex-PEC and 5 APEC were presented amongst our strains. Some isolates (12) were clonal and the remaining was unrelated. Conclusions: Higher diversity of pathovars which carried diverse combinations of virulence genes in healthy isolates. In addition, it seems that the infections were caused by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Psittaciformes of illegal wildlife trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela S. Lopes ◽  
William C. Maciel ◽  
Pedro Henrique Q.S. Medeiros ◽  
Mariana D. Bona ◽  
Alexandre H. Bindá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are considered one of the major causes of human diarrhea in developing countries. Some studies have pointed wild birds as important reservoirs for these pathogens. However, scarce species from the Psittaciformes order have been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of DEC strains in Psittaciformes from illegal wildlife trade. A total of 78 E. coli strains isolated from cloacal swab samples of 167 Psittaciformes in the Ceará State, Brazil, were evaluated regarding the presence of the following DEC virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): eaeA and bfpA genes (Enteropathogenic E. coli - EPEC); stx1 and stx2 (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli - STEC); estA and eltB (Enterotoxigenic E. coli - ETEC); ipaH (Enteroinvasive E. coli - EIEC); aatA and aaiC (Enteroaggregative E. coli - EAEC). Positive strains for eaeA and bfpA genes were considered typical EPEC, while strain positive exclusively for the eaeA gene were classified as atypical EPEC. The eaeA gene was identified in 20 E. coli strains and bfpA in 22 isolates. In addition, 11 and 9 belonged to tEPEC and aEPEC, respectively. No strain was positive for stx1 or stx2. A total of 47 (60.3%) strains and a total of 136 birds (81.4%) were negative for the remaining DEC pathotypes investigated. In conclusion, psittacine from illegal wildlife trade in Ceará State, Brazil, presented a relevant prevalence of typical and atypical EPEC, potentially playing a role as reservoirs of DEC strains in the environment. Thus, proper control measures must be adopted to block the spread of these pathogens.

Sorbitol non-fermenting shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliin cattle on smallholdings

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. ISLAM ◽  
J. P. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
P. K. BISWAS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYWe investigated faecal samples collected from the rectum of 518 cattle on 371 randomly selected smallholdings in Bangladesh for the presence of sorbitol non-fermenting (SN-F) shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). The SN-F isolates were tested for the presence ofrfbO157,stx1, stx2, eaeandhlyAgenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven SN-F isolates lacking these genes were profiled by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to verify their clonality. SN-FE. coliwas identified in 44 [8·5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6·4–11·2] samples; of these, 28 (5·4%, 95% CI 3·8–7·7) had shiga toxin-producing strains, although only two carried therfbO157 gene. Thirteen isolates carried thehlyAgene while 18 harboured theeaegene. Based on PFGE, six pulsotypes were observed among the seven isolates that had no virulence genes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on shiga toxin-producingE. colifrom direct rectal faecal samples of cattle on smallholdings.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amir ◽  
M. Riaz ◽  
Y.-F. Chang ◽  
A. Ismail ◽  
A. Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Open Markets

Background: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are predominant cause of gastrointestinal tract illnesses. The main objective of the study was to determine antibiotic resistance in various types of DEC isolated from chicken broilers farmed in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 feces and 200 meat samples from broiler chickens were collected from the slaughtering shops in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The confirmed fecal (n=150) and meat (n=150) E. coli isolates were investigated against 16 antibiotics. Fourteen virulence genes specific for Enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shiga Toxin-producing (STEC), Enteroinvasive (EIEC), Enteroaggregative (EAEC), and Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) E. coli were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: EPEC was the most detected pathotype in both feces (76%) and meat (90%) samples, followed by STEC, EIEC, and ETEC. The highest resistance (40-90%) was observed against penicillin, oxytetracycline, and nalidixic acid in fecal isolates. More than 50% EPEC and EAEC fecal isolates, and 60% EAEC meat isolates were simultaneously resistant to 6 or more antibiotics. Conclusion: Conclusively, the broiler meat sold in open markets of Pakistan was considerably contaminated with multi-drug resistant DEC. To mitigate the issue, the gov- ernment should regulate the use of antibiotics at poultry farms and monitor slaughtering practices in slaughterer houses.

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