scholarly journals Virulence genotypes of clinical SalmonellaSerovars from broilers in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Ammar ◽  
Adel Attia Mohamed ◽  
Marwa Ibrahim Abd El-Hamid ◽  
Mona Mohamed El-Azzouny
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

Introduction: Salmonella serovars are one of the primary foodborne pathogens. Poultry consumption is responsible for the majority of disease cases worldwide. The prevalence of virulence determinants among Salmonella serovars appears to be lacking in Egypt. Therefore, this study investigated the occurrence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence gene profiling of Salmonella serovars in broilers. Methodology: Three hundred samples from broiler chickens were examined for the presence of Salmonella by standard microbiological techniques. All Salmonella isolates were tested for their sensitivity against ten antibiotics and subjected to virulence genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The overall isolation percentage of Salmonella was 17%. Seven different serovars were found, with the main one being Salmonella Typhimurium (52.94%). Salmonella isolates were sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics, but they exhibited absolute resistance against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Nine Salmonella strains (52.94%) were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Further PCR investigations into 17 Salmonella strains revealed different distribution patterns of eight virulence determinants among the isolates. The invA gene was the most prevalent one (100%), followed by hilA (88.24%), stn (58.82%), and fliC genes (52.94%), while each of sopB and pefA genes had a similar prevalence (41.18%), and sefC and spvC genes had the lowest prevalence (11.76 and 5.88%, respectively). PCR genotyping allowed grouping of Salmonella strains into ten genetic profiles. Conclusions: These results will help in understanding the spread of virulence genotypes and antibiotic resistance among Salmonella serovars in broilers.

Antibiotic Resistance and Diversity of Salmonella enterica Serovars Associated with Broiler Chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUSSA SORY DIARRA ◽  
PASCAL DELAQUIS ◽  
HEIDI REMPEL ◽  
SUSAN BACH ◽  
COLLEEN HARLTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pfge Typing

The objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of Salmonella isolated from broiler production facilities. A total of 193 Salmonella isolates recovered from commercial farms in British Columbia, Canada, were evaluated. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined with the Sensititre system. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR assay. Genetic diversity was determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Seventeen serovars of Salmonella were identified. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars were Kentucky (29.0% of isolates), Typhimurium (23.8%), Enteritidis (13.5%), and Hadar (11.9%); serovars Heidelberg, Brandenburg, and Thompson were identified in 7.7, 4.1, and 3.6% of isolates, respectively. More than 43% of the isolates were simultaneously resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cefoxitim, and ceftriaxone. This β-lactam resistance pattern was observed in 33 (58.9%) of the Salmonella Kentucky isolates; 2 of these isolates were also resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Genes associated with resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, and strA), β-lactams (blaCMY-2, blaSHV, and blaTEM), tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1) were detected among corresponding resistant isolates. The invasin gene (invA) and the Salmonella plasmid virulence gene (spvC) were found in 97.9 and 25.9% of the isolates, respectively, with 33 (71.7%) of the 46 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates and 17 (65.4%) of the 26 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates carrying both invA and spvC. PGFE typing revealed that the antibiotic-resistant serovars were genetically diverse. These data confirm that broiler chickens can be colonized by genetically diverse antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates harboring virulence determinants. The presence of such strains is highly relevant to food safety and public health.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Patterns Associated with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Alreem Johar ◽  
Najlaa Al-Thani ◽  
Sara H. Al-Hadidi ◽  
Elyes Dlissi ◽  
Mahmoud H. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the contributing agent behind the avian infectious disease colibacillosis, which causes substantial fatalities in poultry industries that has a significant impact on the economy and food safety. Several virulence genes have been shown to be concomitant with the extraintestinal survival of APEC. This study investigates the antibiotic resistance patterns and APEC-associated virulence genes content in Escherichia coli isolated from non-healthy and healthy broiler chickens from a commercial poultry farm in Qatar. A total of 158 E. coli strains were isolated from 47 chickens from five different organs (air sac, cloacal, kidney, liver, and trachea). Based on genetic criteria, 65% were APEC strains containing five or more virulence genes, and 34% were non-pathogenic E. coli (NPEC) strains. The genes ompT, hlyF, iroN, tsh, vat, iss, cvi/cva, and iucD were significantly prevalent in all APEC strains. E. coli isolates showed 96% resistance to at least one of the 18 antibiotics, with high resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and fosfomycin. Our findings indicate high antibiotic resistance prevalence in non-healthy and healthy chicken carcasses. Such resistant E. coli can spread to humans. Hence, special programs are required to monitor the use of antibiotics in chicken production in Qatar.

scholarly journals Diversity and health risk potentials of the Enterococcus population in tropical coastal water impacted by Hurricane Lane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakit Saingam ◽  
Doris Y. W. Di ◽  
Tao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Hurricane-caused stormwater runoffs transport diverse terrestrial pollutants, adversely impact microbiological water quality, and introduce fecal and other pathogens to coastal water environments. This study investigated the genotypic diversity, phylogenetic composition, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence gene repertoire of the Enterococcus population in the Hilo Bay coastal water after the immediate impact of Hurricane Lane. DNA fingerprinting of Enterococcus isolates exhibited large genotypic diversity, while 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified four major species, including E. faecalis (34.7%), E. faecium (22.4%), E. hirae (22.4%), and E. durans (18.4%). Four common enterococcal virulence genes (cylA, esp, asa1, and gelE) were detected in the Enterococcus population, with significant portions of E. durans (33.3%), E. faecalis (41.2%), E. faecium (36.4%), and E. hirae (27.3%) isolates possessing two or more virulence genes. Considerable antibiotic resistance to rifampin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin was detected in the Enterococcus population, with one E. durans isolate showing vancomycin resistance. The results indicate considerable health implications associated with Enterococcus spp. in the hurricane-impacted tropical coastal water, illustrating the needs for more comprehensive understanding of the microbiological risks associated with storm-impacted coastal water.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants of Different SCCmec and Pulsotypes of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Ilam, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
Majid BaseriSalehi ◽  
Nima Bahador ◽  
Morovat Taherikalani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims & Objectives:The aim of this studyisto evaluate genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and virulence characteristics of different types ofS. aureusisolated from air, surfaces, staff, and patients in a Public hospital in Ilam.Methods & Materials:A total of 88 of 140 staphylococci identified asS. aureusby conventional and molecular methods were used in this study. Isolate samples were obtained from surfaces, staff, patients, and hospital indoor air. The sampling from staff and surfaces was done through using swab and air by standard pump. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and presence different resistant and virulence determinants was assessed. Isolates were then typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCCmectyping methods.Results:Out of 88isolates, 36 of them (40.9%) were MRSA. Among MRSA isolates, the range of resistance to antibiotic was 0% in vancomycin to 83.3% in gentamycin. The most prevalent resistant genes among gentamicin resistantS. aureuswereacc (6')/aph (2”)Iaandaph(3”)IIIa. The most common erythromycin resistant gene wasermC. Surprisingly, SCCmectypes I (30.5%), II (25%)were highly distributed. PFGE analysis showed 33 different pulsotypes.Conclusion:This study confirms that different isolates of MSSA and MRSA circulate in Ilam which differ in antimicrobial susceptibility, content of resistance, and virulence determinants.

Characterization of antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli from soil fertilized with litter of broiler chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Merchant ◽  
Heidi Rempel ◽  
Tom Forge ◽  
Tissa Kannangara ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of Escherichia coli from soil amended with litter from 36-day-old broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) fed with diets supplemented with a variety of antimicrobial agents. Soil samples were collected from plots before and periodically after litter application in August to measure E. coli numbers. A total of 295 E. coli were isolated from fertilized soil samples between August and March. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of resistance and virulence genes. The results confirmed that E. coli survived and could be quantified by direct plate count for at least 7 months in soil following litter application in August. The effects of feed supplementation were observed on E. coli numbers in November and January. Among the 295 E. coli, the highest antibiotic resistance level was observed against tetracycline and β-lactams associated mainly with the resistance genes tetB and blaCMY-2, respectively. Significant treatment effects were observed for phylogenetic groups, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence gene frequencies. Serotyping, phylogenetic grouping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed that multiple-antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic E. coli can survive in soil fertilized with litter for several months regardless of antimicrobials used in the feed.

scholarly journals Use of optical mapping to sort uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains into distinct subgroups

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2124-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Schwan ◽  
Adam Briska ◽  
Buffy Stahl ◽  
Trevor K. Wagner ◽  
Emily Zentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Optical Mapping ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Phylogenetic Grouping ◽  
Optical Maps ◽  
The Individual

Optical maps were generated for 33 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates. For individual genomes, the NcoI restriction fragments aligned into a unique chromosome map for each individual isolate, which was then compared with the in silico restriction maps of all of the sequenced E. coli and Shigella strains. All of the UPEC isolates clustered separately from the Shigella strains as well as the laboratory and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli strains. Moreover, the individual strains appeared to cluster into distinct subgroups based on the dendrogram analyses. Phylogenetic grouping of these 33 strains showed that 32/33 were the B2 subgroup and 1/33 was subgroup A. To further characterize the similarities and differences among the 33 isolates, pathogenicity island (PAI), haemolysin and virulence gene comparisons were performed. A strong correlation was observed between individual subgroups and virulence factor genes as well as haemolysis activity. Furthermore, there was considerable conservation of sequenced-strain PAIs in the specific subgroups. Strains with different antibiotic-resistance patterns also appeared to sort into separate subgroups. Thus, the optical maps distinguished the UPEC strains from other E. coli strains and further subdivided the strains into distinct subgroups. This optical mapping procedure holds promise as an alternative way to subgroup all E. coli strains, including those involved in infections outside of the intestinal tract and epidemic strains with distinct patterns of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Patterns Associated with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alreem Johar ◽  
Najlaa Al-Thani ◽  
Sara Al-Hadidi ◽  
Elyes Dlissi ◽  
Mahmoud Mahoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Special Programs

Introduction: Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the contributing agent behind the avian infectious disease colibacillosis, which causes substantial fatalities in poultry industries that significantly impact the economy and food safety. Several virulence genes have been shown to be concomitant with the extra-intestinal survival of APEC. This study investigates the antibiotic resistance patterns and APEC‐associated virulence genes content in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from non‐healthy and healthy broiler chickens from a commercial poultry farm in Qatar. Material and Methods: 158 E. coli strains were isolated from 47 chickens from five different organs (air sac, cloacal, kidney, liver, and trachea). Genomic DNA was extracted from E. coli using the QIAamp Pathogen Mini Kit. Multiplex PCR was executed to detect tsh, iucD, ompT, hlyF, iroN, iss, vat, cvi/cva genes associated with PPEC. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk and E-test. Amplified virulence genes detected were sequenced and analyzed. Graph Pad version 8 and PAST software version 4.03 were used for statistical and clustering analysis. The chi-square test was performed on all data to compare the antibiotic resistance and virulence gene patterns between non-healthy and healthy chicken samples Results: 65% of the isolated bacteria were APEC strains containing five or more virulence genes, and 34% were non‐pathogenic E. coli (NPEC) strains. The genes ompT, hlyF, iroN, tsh, vat, iss, cvi/cva, and iucD were significantly prevalent in all APEC strains. E. coli isolates showed 96% resistance to at least one of the 18 antibiotics, with high resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and fosfomycin. Conclusions: Our findings indicate high antibiotic resistance prevalence in non-healthy and healthy chicken carcasses. Such resistant E. coli can spread to humans. Hence, special programs are required to monitor the use of antibiotics in chicken production in Qatar.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Meat Types in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Prince Assoah-Peprah ◽  
Gabriel A. Teye ◽  
Anou M. Somboro ◽  
Hezekiel M. Kumalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Local Chicken

Meats are important potential sources of foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from meats in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Isolation of Escherichia coli was done using the procedure according to the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Antibiotic resistance patterns in the Escherichia coli isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 8 antibiotics. The overall prevalence of Escherichia coli in the meat samples was 84.00% (189/225). Mutton (88.89%), guinea fowl (88.89%), beef (86.67%), local chicken (80.00%), and chevon (75.56%) were contaminated by Escherichia coli. The average coliform count was 4.22 cfu/cm2 and was highest in guinea fowl (4.94 log cfu/cm2) and lowest in local chicken (3.23 log cfu/cm2). The Escherichia coli isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin (85.00%), tetracycline (73.33%), and ampicillin (71.67%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.13 to 1. The Escherichia coli isolates exhibited 23 antimicrobial resistance patterns with resistant pattern TeAmpE (tetracycline-ampicillin-erythromycin) being the most common. Multidrug resistance was 68.33% (41/60) among the Escherichia coli isolates. The results showed that Escherichia coli was commonly present in the various meat types and exhibited multidrug resistances, necessitating efficient antibiotic stewardship guidelines to streamline their use in the production industry.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Salmonella Isolated from Foodborne Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
Milad Abdi ◽  
Mahya Khalilian ◽  
Zahra Rajabi ◽  
Ronak Bakhtiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

Background: Foodborne diseases are a major problem worldwide. The epidemiological investigations in many parts of the world have shown an increase in infections caused by Salmonella serovars. Furthermore, the emergence of drug resistance among them has become a major global concern and awareness of the resistance patterns of Salmonella could be very useful in treatment of diseases. Objective: This study aimed to investigate Salmonella serotypes in foodborne outbreaks by sequencing of ITS region of 16S-23SrRNA gene and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 diarrheal stool samples were collected from 173 foodborne outbreaks in different provinces of Iran during one year. Identification of Salmonella was carried out by phenotypic and molecular (16s-23srRNA gene detection) methods and antibiotic susceptibility was performed using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 614 samples, 18 isolates were identified as Salmonella of which 16 (88.9%) isolates were Salmonella Enteritidis and 2 (11.1%) isolates as Salmonella Paratyphi A. All isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, and high resistance was seen with nalidixic acid with 14 (77.8%) isolates. Conclusion: Increasing antibiotic resistance in many bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella has been a major threat for human health. Therefore, identifying the antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella serovars may help in treatment of the associated infections.

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