scholarly journals Toxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos exposed to chromium

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Sánchez-Olivares ◽  
Juan Carlos Gaytán-Oyarzun ◽  
Alberto José Gordillo-Martinez ◽  
Francisco Prieto-García ◽  
René Bernardo Elías Cabrera-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Chromium Toxicity ◽  
Carcinogenic Agent

Chromium (Cr) is an element present in nature in mineral form. It has a dual effect, both as an essential micronutrient and a carcinogenic agent depending on its chemical form and concentration. It is present in various environmental matrices such as water, soil, and air, coming from natural and anthropogenic sources, and causes harmful effects on biota, ecosystems, and even human beings. This study's objective was to evaluate chromium toxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos of Danio rerio exposed to chromium through the D. rerio teratology assay (DarTA) test by evaluating spine malformations. To this end, the chromium toxicity curve was calculated from zebrafish embryos exposed to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and the probit test was used to establish the mean lethal concentration (LC50) and three subtoxic concentrations LC25, LC12.5, and LC6.25 to evaluate the teratogenicity. The results showed that potassium dichromate was statistically positive for the teratogenic effect at the three highest concentrations evaluated. Potassium dichromate exposure causes abnormal embryonic development and teratogenic effects, including severe heart defects in zebrafish embryos. Therefore, we conclude that potassium dichromate is toxic to the zebrafish developmental stages. The finding that potassium dichromate is teratogenic in zebrafish embryos suggests that this metal should be tested and evaluate potential risk in mammalian systems.

scholarly journals Cytochrome P450-dependent biotransformation capacities in embryonic, juvenile and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)—a state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Loerracher ◽  
Thomas Braunbeck
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Cyp Isoforms

AbstractGiven the strong trend to implement zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as translational model not only in ecotoxicological, but also toxicological testing strategies, there is an increasing need for a better understanding of their capacity for xenobiotic biotransformation. With respect to the extrapolation of toxicological data from zebrafish embryos to other life stages or even other organisms, qualitative and quantitative differences in biotransformation pathways, above all in cytochrome P450-dependent (CYP) phase I biotransformation, may lead to over- or underestimation of the hazard and risk certain xenobiotic compounds may pose to later developmental stages or other species. This review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the scientific knowledge on the development of the CYP1-4 families and corresponding phase I biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in zebrafish. A total of 68 publications dealing with spatiotemporal CYP mRNA expression patterns, activities towards mammalian CYP-probe substrates, bioactivation and detoxification activities, as well as metabolite profiling were analyzed and included in this review. The main results allow for the following conclusions: (1) Extensive work has been done to document mRNA expression of CYP isoforms from earliest embryonic stages of zebrafish, but juvenile and adult zebrafish have been largely neglected so far. (2) There is insufficient understanding of how sex- and developmental stage-related differences in expression levels of certain CYP isoforms may impact biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in the respective sexes and in different developmental stages of zebrafish. (3) Albeit qualitatively often identical, many studies revealed quantitative differences in metabolic activities of zebrafish embryos and later developmental stages. However, the actual relevance of age-related differences on the outcome of toxicological studies still needs to be clarified. (4) With respect to current remaining gaps, there is still an urgent need for further studies systematically assessing metabolic profiles and capacities of CYP isoforms in zebrafish. Given the increasing importance of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concepts, an improved understanding of CYP capacities appears essential for the interpretation and outcome of (eco)toxicological studies.

scholarly journals Use of artificial sediment to assess toxicity of chromium on Chironomus xanthus, Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Fernanda Campagna ◽  
Beatriz Kawamura Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol ◽  
Nelsy Fenerich Verani ◽  
Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Chromium Toxicity ◽  
Artificial Sediment ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Artificial Sediments

AIM: Artificial sediments with simple formulations were used to assess the toxicity of Cr to C. xanthus, D. rerio and P. reticulata. METHODS: The organisms were exposed to two sediment formulations: one without organic matter (S0) and one with 1% organic matter (SIII), both contaminated with Cr at concentrations of 90, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 mg/kg for the assays with C. xanthus, and 375, 750, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg for those with the two fish species. Chromium was obtained from the potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). RESULTS: The results of the acute toxicity tests demonstrated a reduction of up to four times in toxicity with the presence of OM, consisting of biodegradable detritus, even at the low concentration used (1%), and that C. xanthus was most sensitive to the metal. The reduction in the chromium toxicity was indicated by the LC50 values, which were higher in SIII (1234.43 mg/kg; 2263.54 m/kg; 2244.48 mg/kg) than in S0 (340.56 mg/kg; 1731.04 mg/kg; 1733.55 mg/kg) for C. xanthus, D. rerio and P. reticulata, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the repeatability of the results obtained, the artificial sediments with simple formulations were satisfactory to assess toxicity and can thus provide reliable results in ecotoxicological studies

Nodal induces ectopic goosecoid and lim1 expression and axis duplication in zebrafish

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Toyama ◽  
M.L. O'Connell ◽  
C.V. Wright ◽  
M.R. Kuehn ◽  
I.B. Dawid
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dorsal Axis ◽  
Vertebrate Embryo ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Intercellular Signalling

One of the first intercellular signalling events in the vertebrate embryo leads to mesoderm formation and axis determination. In the mouse, a gene encoding a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily, nodal, is disrupted in a mutant deficient in mesoderm formation (Zhou et al., 1993, Nature 361, 543). nodal mRNA is found in prestreak mouse embryos, consistent with a role in the development of the dorsal axis. To examine the biological activities of nodal, we have studied the action of this factor in eliciting axis determination in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Injection of nodal mRNA into zebrafish embryos caused the formation of ectopic axes that included notochord and somites. Axis duplication was preceded by the generation of an apparent ectopic shield (organizer equivalent) in nodal-injected embryos, as indicated by the appearance of a region over-expressing gsc and lim1; isolation and expression in the shield of the lim1 gene is reported here. These results suggest a role for a nodal-like factor in pattern formation in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism for the zebrafish, Danio rerio, reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and exposed to acute hypoxia during development

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Barrionuevo ◽  
MN Fernandes ◽  
O Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

In order to verify the influence of chronic and acute ambient oxygen levels from egg to adult stage of the zebrafish, in vivo oxygen consumption (MO2), critical tensions of oxygen (Pcrit), heart rate (fH) and total body lactate concentration (Lc) were determined for Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) raised at 28 °C under normoxic (7.5 mgO2.L-1 or 80 mm.Hg-1) and hypoxic conditions (4.3 mgO2.L-1) and exposed to acute hypoxia during different developmental stages. Our findings confirmed that very early stages do not respond effectively to ambient acute hypoxia. However, after the stage corresponding to the age of 30 days, D. rerio was able to respond to acute hypoxia through effective physiological mechanisms involving aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Such responses were more efficient for the fishes reared under hypoxia which showed that D. rerio survival capability increased during acclimation to mild hypoxia. Measurements of body mass and length showed that moderate hypoxia did not affect growth significantly until the fish reached the stage of 60 days. Moreover, a growth delay was verified for the hypoxic-reared animals. Also, the D. rerio eggs-to-larvae survival varied from 87.7 to 62.4% in animals reared under normoxia and mild hypoxia, respectively. However, the surviving animals raised under moderated hypoxia showed a better aptitude to regulate aerobic and anaerobic capacities when exposed to acute hypoxia.

Particle-specific toxic effects of differently shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio )

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2859-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hua ◽  
Martina G. Vijver ◽  
Michael K. Richardson ◽  
Farooq Ahmad ◽  
Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos

scholarly journals Substance Flow Analysis of Zinc in Two Preheater–Precalciner Cement Plants and the Associated Atmospheric Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Zhonggen Li ◽  
Yiming Huang ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Qingfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Atmospheric Emission ◽  
Clinker Production

Atmospheric emission of heavy metals from different anthropogenic sources is a great concern to human beings due to their toxicities. In order to disclose the emission levels and the distribution patterns of zinc (Zn) in the modern cement industry with respect to its low boiling point (~900 °C) comparing to the high-temperature (1450 °C) clinker production process, solid samples representing the input and output flow of Zn during the entire production process in two preheater–precalciner cement plants (CPs) were collected and analyzed. For the first time, it was found that the behaviour of Zn inside different precalciner CPs was similar despite a huge difference in the Zn inputs to the CPs; namely, almost all the Zn input was output in clinker, which was then mixed with different additives and retarder to make cement products. The high-temperature clinkerisation process would incorporate Zn into the aluminosilicate of clinker. As a result, there was no enrichment of Zn during clinker production and the atmospheric emission factor was relatively low at 0.002%, or 1.28–9.39 mg Zn·t−1 clinker. Our result for the atmospheric Zn emissions from CPs was much lower than most previous reports, implying the CPs were not a crucial Zn emission source. However, the higher load of Zn in some raw/alternative materials—like nonferrous smelting slag with a Zn content of ~2%—could greatly increase the content of Zn in clinker and cement products. Therefore, further investigation on the environmental stability of Zn in such Zn-laden cement and concrete should be carried out.

scholarly journals Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (DANIO RERIO) embryos model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Izati Abd Aziz ◽  
Vikneswari Perumal ◽  
Suganya Murugesu ◽  
Qamar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Bisha Fathamah Uzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

 The use of zebrafish vertebrate model in vivo analysis of the drug toxicity and efficacy, chemical toxicity, and safety is increasing in recent researches. Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally claimed for its many protective roles. However, the development of toxicity effect may cause morphological abnormalities by using an embryo of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) is unknown. Hence, this study was designed to determine the toxicity and teratogenic effect of hydroethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos. The crude extract was prepared from the fruit of M. charantia using 80% hydroethanolic solvent. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of crude extract. The active constituent was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely commercialized based on traditional usage as an antidiabetic product. The current study has shown the toxic effects of the M.  charantia fruit extract on the developing zebrafish embryos, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated to be 725.90 mg/L at 48 hpt. The observed effects are dependent on the time of exposure and concentrations of the extract. At higher concentration, the extract causes some morphological defects such as less pigmentation, dented tail, spinal curvature, oedema, reduced hatchability, and growth retardation, that indicates the presence of toxicant(s). Based on the GC-MS profiling, some of the compounds identified in the hydroethanolic extract, such as propanedioic acid and glutamine, may have caused the teratogenic effects to the embryos. Further research on the M. charantia fruit's metabolites should be carried out prior to any nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application.

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