scholarly journals Differences of Fasting Blood Glucose Level in People with Schizophrenia between Before and After Getting Aripiprazole Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2607-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia Rosally Turangan ◽  
Bahagia Loebis ◽  
Surya M. Husada ◽  
Nazli Mahdinasari Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Average Blood Glucose

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a serious disorder of the brain and mind. People with schizophrenia are at high risk of developing type diabetes, due to overall poor physical health, poor health care, unhealthy lifestyles, and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. However, atypical antipsychotics have their deficiencies, because they can be associated with worsening cardiovascular risk factors such as weight gain, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. AIM: Difference in fasting blood glucose levels in people with schizophrenia between before and after receiving aripiprazole treatment. METHODS: This research was conducted in November 2017-September 2018. This research was first conducted in Indonesia, especially North Sumatra. This research is a numerical comparative analytical study paired with an experimental design approach. The number of samples is 44 people. Blood samples are taken in schizophrenia patients before getting the drug, before meals and before activities, assessed fasting blood glucose levels before being treated with aripiprazole and after drug administration for 6 weeks. Data analysis used was a paired test for differences in fasting blood glucose levels in people with schizophrenia between before and after receiving aripiprazole treatment. RESULTS: Based on the demographic characteristics found the research subjects based on the most age group were 31-40 years age group of 30 subjects (68.2%), based on the highest level of education was high school by 26 subjects (59.1%), based on the most marital status was by status not married for 24 subjects (54.5%). It was found that the average blood glucose level before being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients was 89.23 ± 7.13. It was found that the average blood glucose level after being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients was 86.5 ± 10.1. It was found that there were no differences in blood glucose levels before and after being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients CONCLUSION: There was no difference in blood glucose levels before and after being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients with p-value (0.078).

scholarly journals Association between blood glucose levels and Glasgow Outcome Score in patients with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Trials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Hongyu He ◽  
Yuepeng Liu ◽  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Xin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Score ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Average Blood Glucose

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels that are too high or too low after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect patient prognosis. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between blood glucose levels and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) in TBI patients. Methods This study was based on a randomized, dual-center, open-label clinical trial. A total of 208 patients who participated in the randomized controlled trial were followed up for 5 years. Information on the disease, laboratory examination, insulin therapy, and surgery for patients with TBI was collected as candidate variables according to clinical importance. Additionally, data on 5-year and 6-month GOS were collected as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. For multivariate analysis, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate relationships between blood glucose levels and GOS. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We further applied a two- piecewise linear regression model to examine the threshold effect of blood glucose level and GOS. Results A total of 182 patients were included in the final analysis. Multivariate GAM analysis revealed that a bell-shaped relationship existed between average blood glucose level and 5-year GOS score or 6-month GOS score. The inflection points of the average blood glucose level were 8.81 (95% CI: 7.43–9.48) mmol/L considering 5-year GOS as the outcome and were 8.88 (95% CI 7.43−9.74) mmol/L considering 6-month GOS score as the outcome. The same analysis revealed that there was also a bell relationship between average blood glucose levels and the favorable outcome group (GOS score ≥ 4) at 5 years or 6 months. Conclusion In a population of patients with traumatic brain injury, blood glucose levels were associated with the GOS. There was also a threshold effect between blood glucose levels and the GOS. A blood glucose level that is either too high or too low conveys a poor prognosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02161055. Registered on 11 June 2014.

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pekerja kantor

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis E. Ugahari ◽  
Yanti M. Mewo ◽  
Stefana H.M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract: Blood glucose must be maintained in a constant concentration. Hyperglycemia, an increase of blood glucose level, can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus. One of the factors that affect the blood glucose level is physical activity. Low physical activity can be influenced by work. Sedentary lifestyle is identic with office workes. Office workers do not enough time to do physical activity. This study was aimed to describe the fasting blood glucose level among office workers. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were obtained by using total sampling method. There were 52 respondents in this study consisted of 25 males and 27 females. The results showed that 45 respondents (86.54%) had normal fasting blood glucose levels, 5 respondents (9.62%) had high fasting blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), and 2 respondents (3.84%) had low fasting blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). The maximum value was 243 mg/dL, the minimum value was 63 mg/dL, the median value was 83 mg/dL, the average value was 94.42 mg/dL, and standard of deviation was 37.85 mg/dL. Conclusion: Most office workers had normal blood glucose levels.Keywords: fasting blood glucose, office workers Abstrak: Glukosa darah dalam tubuh manusia harus dijaga dalam konsentrasi yang konstan. Kadar glukosa darah dalam tubuh yang meningkat (hiperglikemia) dapat menjadi gejala penyakit diabetes mellitus. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kadar glukosa darah ialah aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik yang kurang dapat dipengaruhi oleh pekerjaan. Pola hidup sedentary lifestyle identik dengan pekerja kantor dewasa ini. Pekerja kantor tidak memiliki waktu untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas fisik yang cukup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pekerja kantor. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Responden terdiri dari 25 orang laki-laki s dan 27 orang perempuan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 45 responden (86,54%) memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa normal, 5 responden (9,62%) memilki kadar glukosa darah puasa tinggi (hiperglikemia), dan 2 responden (3,84%) memilki kadar glukosa puasa rendah (hipoglikemia). Hasil pengukuran kadar glukosa darah puasa mendapatkan nilai maksimum 243 mg/dL, nilai minimum 63 mg/dL, nilai median 83 mg/dL, nilai rata-rata 94,42 mg/dL dan standar devisiasi 37,85 mg/dL. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pekerja kantor masih memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa yang normal. Kata kunci: glukosa darah puasa, pekerja kantor

scholarly journals The Effect of Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) and Red Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) Extract on Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Diabetic Wistar Rats Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Yesi Warisman ◽  
Arinda Lironika Suryana ◽  
Zora Olivia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with special characteristic which increased blood glucose level (hiperglicemic), its happens because of the abnormality of insulin secretion, insulin mechanisme or both of them. Belimbing wuluh and red guava extract can become alternative functional drink that contain rich of vitamin C to help controlling blood glucose level. The aimed of this study was to determined the effect of belimbing wuluh and red guava extract on blood glucose levels of Rattus novergicus strain Wistar diabetic model. This research was an true experimental study with a randomized post-test control group design. Twentyfour (24) male wistar strain rats weighing 200-250 grams, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 4 groups. The control group (K-) non-diabetic rats, the control group (K+) diabetic rats given standard diet, and the treatment group diabetic rats given standard diet and belimbing wuluh and red guava extract intervetion doses 10,7 ml/day (P1) and 21ml/day (P2). Measurement of pretest posttest fasting blood glucose levels was carried out using biolyzer. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova test. The results showed that there were significant differences in delta pretest and posttest fasting blood glucose levels between all groups. Blood glucose levels decreased at 55.6%. In conclusion, belimbing wuluh and red guava extract 21ml/day most effectively decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic wistar rats moldel.   Keywords: belimbing wuluh, blood glucose level, diabetes mellitus, red guava

Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Rahma Wati Dwi Lestari ◽  
Deny Yudi Fitranti ◽  
Nurmasari Widyastuti ◽  
Ahmad Syauqy ◽  
Binar Panunggal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Load Arrangement

Effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes Background: Carbohydrate arrangement considering the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (BG) are important to support the performance of athletes.Objective: To examine the effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes.Methods: Quasi-experimental study on 14 male young soccer players aged 15-18 years old at Terang Bangsa Soccer School. Each subject completed 4 trials separated by at least 7 days as a washout period. Diets provided consist of high GI with high GL diet (H-H), low GI with high GL diet (L-H), high GI with low GL (H-L), and low GI with low GL diet (L-L). Collected data were fasting blood glucose level (BGL 0), blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hours after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after exercise (BGL 3).Results: The results of paired t-test analysis showed that there were differences between fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level one hour after intervention, blood glucose level one hour after intervention and blood glucose level two hours after intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention and blood glucose level after exercise in the H-H and L-H diet group. In the L-L diet group, there were differences between BGL 2 and BGL 3. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels one hour after the intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention, and blood glucose level after exercise between groups.Conclusions: High glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hour postprandial and after exercise. Low glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels after exercise. Diets with the arrangement of glycemic index and glycemic load did not affect blood glucose levels between diet groups. 

scholarly journals Fasting blood glucose level and its association with sex, body mass index and blood pressure: a cross sectional study on a Bangladeshi public university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2663
Author(s):  
Md Imam Hossain ◽  
Md. Shariful Islam ◽  
Mirza Rokibul Hasan ◽  
Moriom Akter ◽  
Md. Sadek Hosen Khoka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
University Students ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: In resource-limited countries like Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of epidemiological researches examining the relationship of blood glucose level with hypertension and BMI among the graduate level students. This research was therefore undertaken to evaluate fasting blood glucose levels of Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University students and to check its associations with sex, body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. Methods: For the study the 240 students (120 male and 120 female) were randomly selected. The demographic data of the study subjects were collected by interviewing the subjects with standardized questionnaires. Their fasting blood glucose levels were measured using portable blood glucose meter. The BMI and blood pressure of the subjects were also recorded following standard protocol. Finally the data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The fasting blood glucose levels of the study subjects indicated that 0.4% of subjects were diabetic and, 5.4% of subjects were pre-diabetic. The blood glucose levels (mean±SE) of female subjects (4.88±0.07) were higher than that of the male (4.61±0.04) subjects. The mean blood glucose levels of hypertensive subjects (4.81±0.07 mmol/L) were higher than that of the normotensive counterpart (4.73±0.05 mmol/L). The fasting blood glucose levels shows significant positive associations with SBP (r=0.155, p<0.05) and DBP (r=0.149, p<0.05).The fasting blood glucose levels also showed a significant positive association with the BMI (r=0.193, p<0.01) of the subjects. Conclusions: This study reveals the diabetic and hypertension status of the Bangladeshi graduate level students. The result of the study is very important in the context of public concern health of Bangladesh.  

scholarly journals Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Alcohol Consumption among Men in Mendawai Palangka Raya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Novidha Muji Rahayuningrum ◽  
Helmus Helmus
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Assay ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Alcohol consumption is often associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to examine fasting blood glucose levels and alcohol consumption in men in Mendawai, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. The cross-sectional study design was carried out to asses fasting blood glucose levels on 20 male alcohol drinkers. Blood glucose assay was determined by an automated enzymatic colorimetric technique using Photometers (5010 V5+ Robert Riele). Determination of fasting blood glucose level using glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method. This study found that 40% of alcohol drinker considered high fasting blood glucose level with an average level of 139.6 mg/dL. Twenty-five percent of alcohol drinkers regarded as low fasting blood glucose level with an average of 68.8 mg/dL. And 35% of drinkers have a normal level of fasting blood glucose with an average of 97.4 mg/dL

scholarly journals KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH ANJING KAMPUNG (Canis familiaris) SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH BERBURU DI KENAGARIAN MUNGO KECAMATAN LUAK KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT (Blood Glucose Levels of Dogs (Canis familiaris) Pre and Post Hunting in Kenagarian Mungo, Luak, Lima Puluh Kota, and West Sumatera)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Alkhalidri Murfi ◽  
Zuhrawati Zuhrawati ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Rusli Rusli ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dog Blood

The objective of this study was to examine glucose level in dog's blood before and after hunting activity. This research used 25 local dogs which is kept by Persatuan Olah Raga Buru Babi (PORBI) located at Kenagarian Mungo Sub-district Luak District Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota West Sumatera. Data were analyzed with T-test. Results showed that average of dog blood glucose level before hunting was 91.56±7.70 mg/dl and significantly decrease (P<0.05) to 57.84±5.04 mg/dL after hunting activity. As a conclusion, blood glucose level of dog before hunting activity was found in normal range but lowered glucose level were observed after hunting activity.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KADAR GLUKOSA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AKTIVITAS FISIK INTENSITAS BERAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu G. A. Lande ◽  
Yanti Mewo ◽  
Michaela Paruntu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Physical activity is one of the factors which can affect blood glucose level in human body. Vigorous physical activity for 20 minutes can lower one’s blood glucose level. Futsal is categorized as a vigorous activity. During the activity, body will use endogenous fuel from blood to take care of glucose levels homeostasis in it. This study aimed to determine the ratio of blood glucose levels before and after vigorous physical activity at the 2011 batch students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi using futsal. This was a pre and post experimental study. Respondents were 21 males aged 20-22 years. The results showed a decrease of all respondents’ blood glucose average from104.14 mg/dL before the physical activity to 95.40 mg/dL after it with p < 0.05 that meant there was a significant decrease in glucose level. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant difference in blood glucose levels of the students between before and after vigorous physical activity.Keywords: blood glucose levels, vigorous physical activityAbstrak: Aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar glukosa darah dalam tubuh manusia. Aktivitas fisik intensitas berat yang dilakukan selama 20 menit dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dalam tubuh. Futsal merupakan salah satu permainan yang tergolong dalam aktivitas intensitas berat. Selama aktivitas fisik dilakukan, tubuh akan menggunakan bahan bakar endogen dan dari darah untuk menjaga homeostasis kadar glukosa dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar glukosa darah sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik intensitas berat pada mahasiswa angkatan 2011 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi melalui permainan futsal. Penelitian ini bersifat pre dan post eksperimental. Pada penelitian ini responden terdiri dari 21 orang laki-laki dengan umur 20-22 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan glukosa dari rata-rata 104,14 mg/dL sebelum aktivitas fisik menjadi 95,40 mg/dL setelah melakukan aktivitas fisik dengan nilai p < 0,05, yang berarti terjadi penurunan yang signifikan. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar glukosa darah mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah melakukan aktivitas fisik intensitas berat.Kata kunci: kadar glukosa darah, aktivitas fisik intensitas berat

scholarly journals Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Fasting Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Levels of Diabetic-Hypertensive Clients at a Diabetes Clinicin Accra, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Edmund Lotsu ◽  
◽  
Samuel Kwakye ◽  
Tawagidu Mohammed ◽  
Bridgette Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Hypertension and diabetes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Effective interventions are therefore relevant in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension and diabetes. We set out to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on type-2 diabetic-hypertensive clients at a diabetes clinic in Accra.Method: Twenty-one participants were recruited from the National Diabetes Management and Research Center in Korle-Bu in Accra.Participants undertook 30 minutes of aerobic exercise comprising, warm up, ergonomic cycling and cool down, three times a week for a period of eight weeks. Fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels were measured and changes with respect to exercise were analysed. The mixed model ANOVA was used to test for the differences in the weekly blood pressure and blood glucose levels while the paired t-test was used to compare the baseline and final readings of blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between age and change in blood pressure and blood glucose levels after eight weeks of exercise.Results: Mean systolic blood pressure reduced from 142mmHg to 135mmHg while the mean diastolic blood pressure also reduced from 89mmHg to 84mmHg post exercises. The baseline and eighth week post exercise average blood glucose level were 8.0 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L respectively. There were significant differences in baseline and week eight systolic (p = 0.0017), and diastolic (p = 0.006) blood pressure as well as blood glucose (p=0.0027) levels. There was also a significant positive correlation between age and change in blood glucose level (p = 0.036).Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reduces the fasting blood glucose level and blood pressure in type-2 diabetic-hypertensives. Diabetic-hypertensives should therefore be encouraged to participate in aerobic exercises.

scholarly journals Association between blood glucose level with glycemic load, physical activity and compliance to medication among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Buleleng District General Hospital, Bali Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Ketut Adi Jaya Sutana ◽  
Komang Ayu Kartika Sari ◽  
I Wayan Weta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background and purpose: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is increasing, including in Buleleng District, Bali Province. Studies regarding determinants of blood glucose control in DM patients show varied findings. This study aims to examine association between blood glucose level with physical activity, compliance to medication and glycemic load among DM patients.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Buleleng District General Hospital from March to April 2017. A total of 73 patients were concecutively recruited to participate in our study. Data were collected through interview, observation and measurement. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, fasting blood glucose level, 1-hour and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, body mass index, glycemic index, glycemic load, physical activity, genetic or family history, and compliance to medication. A bivariate analysis was performed to examine association between independent variables and blood glucose levels. Multivariate analysis was also conducted to calculate adjusted odd ratio using a binary logistic regression.Results: Our study found that blood glucose levels of most respondents were relatively well managed–63% for fasting, 61.6% for 1-hour postprandial, and 63% for 2-hours postprandial. Multivariate analysis revealed that fasting blood glucose level were associated with regular physical activities (AOR=74.09; 95%CI: 7.52-729.69) and compliance to medication (AOR=11.90; 95%CI: 2.24-63.29). Furthermore, 1-hour postprandial blood glucose level were associated with breakfast glycemic load (AOR=0.63; 95%CI: 0.47-0.85) and compliance to medication (AOR=27.29; 95%CI: 2.29-323.95), while 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level were associated with breakfast glycemic load (AOR=0.69; 95%CI: 0.54-0.89) and compliance to medication (AOR=19.81; 95%CI: 2.31-170.14).Conclusions: Factors associated with fasting blood glucose level were regular physical activities and adherence to medication, while 1-hour and 2-hours postprandial blood glucose levels were both influenced by breakfast glycemic load and compliance to medication.

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