scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Online Course Intervention to Improve Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance among Dental Students, in Comparison to Reference Group Using a Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 2917-2923
Author(s):  
Khalid T. Aboalshamat ◽  
Assim M. Banjar ◽  
Mahmoud I. Al-Jaber ◽  
Noor M. Turkistani ◽  
Mohammed T. Al-Amoudi
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a recognised antimicrobial resistance (AMR) online module on knowledge and perception among dental students, using a randomised controlled trial study design. METHODS: Dental students (n = 64, aged 21-25 years) in clinical years agreed to participate in this triple-blinded, parallel, randomised controlled trial. There were 34 students in the study group and 30 students in the control group. The study group participated in an online course covering information about AMR, while students in the control group received another online course about microorganisms in dentistry. Both groups were assessed three times using online questionnaires: before the intervention (T1), after the intervention (T2), and two months later (T3). Each one of T1, T2 and T3 had 22 questions. The questions were repeated each time in T1, T2, and T3 asking about AMR but with different question format, to avoid the possibility of students to memorise the answers. RESULTS: The mean (m) of correct answers for all students on T1 was 12.56, with standard deviation (SD) of 3.2. On T2, m = 14.03 and SD = 3.85, and on T3, m = 14.36 and SD = 3.71. Scores ranged from 0 to 22. The participants in the study and control groups showed significant score improvements from T1 to T2, immediately after the intervention, but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3. The study group students’ scores did not improve significantly from T1 to T3, in contrast to the control group students’ scores. More importantly, there was no significant difference in improvement from T1 to T2 when comparing the study and control groups. CONCLUSION: Online courses might not be reliable learning methods for ensuring the optimal levels of AMR knowledge that are needed by dental practitioners.

Acupuncture Combined with An Antidepressant for Patients with Depression in Hospital: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjun Wang ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Wenjian Tao ◽  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial

Objective To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for patients with depression in hospital using a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Methods 76 patients with depression were randomly divided into two groups (randomisation ratio 2:1 for treatment and control groups (CGs), respectively) and 71 patients completed the study. The 45 patients in the treatment group (TG) underwent acupuncture and received an SSRI and the 26 patients in the CG received an SSRI only. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) was used to quantitatively assess patients after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Results The mean (SD) baseline total HDRS scores were 22.2 (0.60) and 22.1 (0.33) in the TG and CG, respectively. After the first week of treatment the HDRS score for the TG was reduced to 15.6 (0.81), significantly different from the score of 18.3 (0.55) for the CG, p<0.05. This significant difference was maintained to the end of the 6-week treatment period, when HDRS scores had fallen to 6.3 (0.49) and 8.2 (0.35) for the TG and CG, respectively. Conclusions Acupuncture combined with an SSRI showed a statistically significant benefit for patients with depression in hospital over the 6-week period compared with SSRIs alone. This reduction in symptoms started in the first week and continued throughout the 6 weeks of treatment.

Capsular closure versus unrepaired interportal capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, results of a patient-blinded randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110057
Author(s):  
Niels H Bech ◽  
Inger N Sierevelt ◽  
Sheryl de Waard ◽  
Boudijn S H Joling ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Hip capsular management after hip arthroscopy remains a topic of debate. Most available current literature is of poor quality and are retrospective or cohort studies. As of today, no clear consensus exists on capsular management after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of routine capsular closure versus unrepaired capsulotomy after interportal capsulotomy measured with NRS pain and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Materials and methods: All eligible patients with femoroacetabular impingement who opt for hip arthroscopy ( n = 116) were randomly assigned to one of both treatment groups and were operated by a single surgeon. Postoperative pain was measured with the NRS score weekly the first 12 weeks after surgery. The HAGOS questionnaire was measured at 12 and 52 weeks postoperatively. Results: Baseline characteristics and operation details were comparable between treatment groups. Regarding the NRS pain no significant difference was found between groups at any point the first 12 weeks after surgery ( p = 0.67). Both groups significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). After 3 months follow-up there were no differences between groups for the HAGOS questionnaire except for the domain sport ( p = 0.02) in favour of the control group. After 12 months follow-up there were no differences between both treatment groups on all HAGOS domains ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this randomised controlled trial show highest possible evidence that there is no reason for routinely capsular closure after interportal capsulotomy at the end of hip arthroscopy. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at the CCMO Dutch Trial Register: NL55669.048.15.

scholarly journals Cryotherapy Reduced Postoperative Pain in Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apisada Chumkam ◽  
Densak Pongrojpaw ◽  
Athita Chanthasenanont ◽  
Junya Pattaraarchachai ◽  
Kornkarn Bhamarapravatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
And Control

Objective. To examine the effectiveness of cryotherapy for reducing postoperative pain in patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for gynecologic surgery. Materials and Methods. Patients who had indication for an exploratory laparotomy gynecologic procedure were selected by attending physicians to undergo abdominal surgery via low transverse skin incision. The participants were randomized into study and control groups with simple random sampling methods. Cold packs were applied at two hours after operation for 6 hours. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was recorded at two, 6, and 12 hours after operation. Result. One hundred cases were recruited and then divided into study and control groups equally. The mean age of both groups was 43 years. There was no difference in demographics data of both groups. Half of the participants in both groups underwent hysterectomies. At two hours after surgery, both groups had similar VAS scores. The study group had a lower VAS score at 6 and 12 hours after surgery than the control group with statistical difference. Morphine consumption within 24 hours after surgery in both the study and control groups was 2.8±3.4 and 3.0±4.4 mg, respectively, with no statistical difference. However the registration time of the first morphine requirement in the study group was statistically more prolonged than that of the control group. The lengths of hospital stay in both groups were similar. There was no complication reported in this study. Conclusion. Cryotherapy can reduce postoperative pain. In this presented study the patients who underwent gynecologic surgery had improved pain relief and prolonged time for the first dose of the analgesic drug.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a herbal toothpaste on patients with established gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Ozaki ◽  
Claudio Mendes Pannuti ◽  
Ana Vitória Imbronito ◽  
Wellington Pessotti ◽  
Luciana Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this randomised, double blind controlled trial was to verify the efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Forty eight volunteers with established gingivitis were randomly assigned to either a test group (herbal dentifrice) or positive control group (dentifrice with triclosan and fluoride). The dentifrices were distributed in plain white tubes by an independent pharmacy, which revealed the contents of each tube only after the experimental period. Plaque and gingivitis assessments were carried out on baseline and after 28 days of product use. All examinations were conducted by the same calibrated investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth three times daily using their assigned dentifrice for 28 days. There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both the test and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between them. No adverse reactions were reported. The authors concluded that both dentifrices were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis in subjects with established gingivitis.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Reduction of Blood Loss in Women at High Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Diab ◽  
R M Mohamed ◽  
A G Abdelhay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. All women who carry a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks’ gestation are at risk for PPH and its sequelae. Although maternal mortality rates have declined greatly in the developed world, PPH remains a leading cause of maternal mortality elsewhere. Aim of the Work To assess the efficacy and safety intravenous tranexamic acid in reduction of amount of blood loss in high risk women who deliver by cesarean section or vaginal delivery in postpartum period. Patients and Methods This prospective double blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 200 patients planned for LSCS or vaginal delivery at Gestational Age ≥ 34 Weeks at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Recruitment of data begun once the protocol was approved by research and ethical committee of the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Results No significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards age (p = 0.508), no significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards Gestational age (p = 0.447),total blood loss (p &lt; 0.001) was significantly lower in study group than control group, Vaginal pads in the 1st 24 hours post-partum was significantly less soaked in study group than control group (p &lt; 0.001). no significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards Preoperative Hemoglobin, Postoperative Hemoglobin was significantly higher in study group than control group (p &lt; 0.001), Reduction in Hemoglobin was significantly less in study group than control group (p &lt; 0.001), no significant difference between Study and Control groups as regards Preoperative Hematocrite, Postoperative Hematocrit was significantly higher in study group than control group (p &lt; 0.001), Reduction in Hematocrite was significantly less in study group than control group (p &lt; 0.001).Need to iron replacement or blood transfusion was significantly less frequent in study group than control group (p = 0.24). Conclusion The use of tranexamic acid prior to cesarean section or vaginal delivery is effective as a prophylaxis against post-partum hemorrhage as shown by the results of this study. It can significantly reduce blood loss during and after cesarean section or vaginal delivery.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Relationship between Micronutrients and Gestational Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Akhlaghi ◽  
Seyyed Majid Bagheri ◽  
Omid Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micronutrient Concentration ◽  
And Control

In this paper, we studied the relation between the micronutrient and gestational diabetes. Therefore, we measured micronutrient concentration including Ni, Al, Cr, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Se in serum of women with gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age (study group) who had inclusion criteria and comparison with micronutrient levels in normal pregnant women with same gestational age (control group). Results showed that there was no significant difference between the serum micronutrient level (Ni, Al, Cr, Mg, Zn, Cu, Se) in study and control groups except serum level of iron which in serum of gestational diabetic women was lower than normal pregnant women and difference was significant.

Increased levels of circulating CD34+ cells in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: relation with clinical and OCT features

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Caner Kara ◽  
Pınar Ç. Özdal ◽  
Emrullah Beyazyıldız ◽  
Nurgül E. Özcan ◽  
Mehmet Y. Teke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To investigate the levels of circulating CD34+ stem cells in patients with neovascular type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its relation with clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Methods: The study consisted of 55 patients: 28 patients (18 male and 10 female) with neovascular type AMD as a study group and 27 patients (12 male and 15 female) scheduled for cataract surgery as a control group. The level of CD34+ stem cells was measured by flow cytometry. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Results: The mean ages of patients in the study and control groups were 71 ± 8 and 68 ± 6 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, sex, or systemic disease association between study and control groups. However, smoking status was significantly higher in the study group (67.9% vs 37.0%; p = 0.02). Stem cell levels were significantly higher in the study group (1.5 ± 0.9 vs 0.5 ± 0.3; p<0.001), but there was no relation between stem cell levels and clinical and OCT findings. Conclusions: Increased circulating CD34+ stem cell levels were observed in patients with choroidal neovascular membrane associated with AMD, but no significant relation was found between cell levels and clinical and OCT findings.

scholarly journals Does the consumption of amylase-containing gruels impact on the energy intake and growth of Congolese infants?

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moursi ◽  
F Mbemba ◽  
S Trèche
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of the incorporation of amylase in maize-based flours prepared as gruels on the energy intake and growth of Congolese infants.Design:A randomised controlled trial. At 18 weeks of age, infants were randomised into either an intervention group, where they were provided with a maize/soya-based flour that contained amylase, or a control group, where they were provided with a similar flour that did not contain amylase.Setting:Urban borough of Poto-Poto in Brazzaville, The Congo.Subjects:Eighty infants (40 in each group) were randomised into intervention and control groups. Three infants in the intervention group and two controls subsequently dropped out.Results:At 24 weeks, the addition of amylase resulted in a significant increase in energy intake (in kJ kg-1day-1) from gruels (P=0.02) without affecting breast milk consumption. In contrast, total energy intake (in kJ kg-1day-1) did not differ significantly between groups (P=0.08). After adjustment for morbidity and previous growth, infants in the intervention group showed better growth in length during the trial (+0.22 cm month-1;P=0.04), especially between 24 and 31 weeks of age (+0.51 cm month-1;P>0.01). There were no differences in weight velocity between groups.Conclusions:The findings of this study suggest that the consumption of amylase-treated gruels allows an increase in energy intake from these gruels without affecting breast milk consumption but has no impact on total daily energy intake. However, if started after 6 months, it could be effective in preventing faltering of infant linear growth.

Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Anna Duda ◽  
Wojciech Stós
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abnormal Breathing ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control

This study assesses the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal (nasal) and abnormal (oral or mixed) breathing route. <b>Aim</b>. To compare the upper respiratory tract width in the study group (abnormal breathing route) and control group (normal breathing route) and to determine the cut-off point and mean limit values in order to conduct a differential diagnosis between a habitual and constitutional breathing route. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 221 patients treated at the Aquadent-Ortoestetyka Clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The upper respiratory tract width was measured with two different linear methods: a modified method by Holmberg. and Linder-Aronson, and the Linder-Aronson and Henricson method (AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS).<b> Results</b>. In the study group the mean value of the Holmberg measurement is 4.25 mm, and in the control group – 14.1 mm. Mean values of AD1- PNS and AD2-PNS measurements in the study group are 8.1 mm and 9.5 mm, respectively, and they can be regarded as mean limit values. The 6 mm Holmberg measurement is the cut-off value between the study and control groups, and it should be monitored. In relation to the Holmberg measurement a difference between the study and control groups is 9.85 mm. Regarding AD1-PNS and AD2-PNS measurements a difference between the study and control groups is 11.4 mm and 10.0 mm, respectively.<b> Conclusions</b>. The upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid shows a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups. It may indicate significant narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid in the study group or a different type of morphology of the facial skeleton. Limit values obtained in the study allow differentiation of a habitual and constitutional breathing route. <b>(Duda A, Stós W. Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 106-18)</b>.

scholarly journals A pilot study to determine the feasibility of a cluster randomised controlled trial of an intervention to change peer attitudes towards children who stutter

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwana B. Mallick ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
A.S.M. Borhan ◽  
Harsha Kathard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Peer Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control

Background: While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard of research, prior study is needed to determine the feasibility of a future large-scale RCT study. Objectives: This pilot study, therefore, aimed to determine feasibility of an RCT by exploring: (1) procedural issues and (2) treatment effect of the Classroom Communication Resource (CCR), an intervention for changing peer attitudes towards children who stutter. Method: A pilot cluster stratified RCT design was employed whereby the recruitment took place first at school-level and then at individual level. The dropout rate was reported at baseline, 1 and 6 months post-intervention. For treatment effect, schools were the unit of randomisation and were randomised to receive either the CCR intervention administered by teachers or usual practice, using a 1:1 allocation ratio. The stuttering resource outcomes measure (SROM) measured treatment effect at baseline, 1 and 6 months post-intervention overall and within the constructs (positive social distance, social pressure and verbal interaction). Results: For school recruitment, 11 schools were invited to participate and 82% (n = 9) were recruited. Based on the school recruitment, N = 610 participants were eligible for this study while only n = 449 were recruited, where there was n = 183 in the intervention group and n = 266 in the control group. The dropout rate from recruitment to baseline was as follows: intervention, 23% (n = 34), and control, 6% (n = 15). At 1 month a dropout rate of 7% (n = 10) was noted in the intervention and 6% (n = 15) in the control group, whereas at 6 months, dropout rates of 7% (n = 10) and 17% (n = 44) were found in the intervention and control groups, respectively. For treatment effect on the SROM, the estimated mean differences between intervention and control groups were (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -1.07, 5.11) at 1 month and 3.01 (95% CI: -0.69, 6.69) at 6 months. A statistically significant difference was observed at 6 months on the VI subscale of the SROM, with 1.35 (95% CI: 0.58, 2.13). Conclusion: A high recruitment rate of schools and participants was observed with a high dropout rate of participants. Significant differences were only noted at 6 months post-intervention within one of the constructs of the SROM. These findings suggest that a future RCT study is warranted and feasible.

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