scholarly journals Hydroxyurea for the Treatment of Recurrence and Unresectable Meningiomas: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Dirga Rachmad Aprianto ◽  
Rahadian Indarto Susilo ◽  
Joni Wahyuhadi ◽  
Irwan Barlian Immadoel Haq
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Meningioma is mostly benign tumor (World Health Organization Grade 1) and surgery remains the best option in treating symptomatic or enlarging meningiomas where total removal of the tumor is the goal of surgery. Radiation therapy has shown to be effective to cease the growth of the tumor, but not in tumor regression. Adjuvant therapy may treat patients with recurrence or unresectable meningiomas yet the uses of hormone therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy had many results and were not consistently effective. Hydroxyurea has promising results in patients with meningiomas. AIM: This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of hydroxyurea for the treatments of recurrence or unresectable meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study adapted PRISMA guidelines by searching electronic databases, PUBMED, Cochrane, and JNS in August 2020 and was full-text observational study or randomized control trial presented as PICO and assessed using the risk-of-bias assessment tool. RESULTS: A total of six articles (157 patients with meningioma) were reviewed from the total of 425. Hydroxyurea was administered orally for 28 days continuously and repeated every 28 days or after recovery with various dosages in six studies. DISCUSSION: Administration of hydroxyurea showed a varied stable disease rate ranging from 30 to 69% with a median progression-free survival med varying between 2 and 27.75 months. The studies performed oral hydroxyurea administration at a dose of 20–30 mg/kg body weight/day or 1000 mg/m2/day. However, the adverse events (AEs) that appear also, based on literature, are not much different from other chemotherapy administrations. CONCLUSION: Patients with unresected and recurrent meningiomas have limited treatment options due to difficulty for surgical management. However, this study offers another perspective addressing the efficacy and safety results with the use of hydroxyurea. Overall, hydroxyurea showed good outcomes, particularly in low-grade meningioma, with relatively low AEs. Further combination treatment may be used as a multimodal therapy.

scholarly journals Candidates for treatment of COVID-19: current scenario and way forwards

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3273
Author(s):  
M. Abu Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic affecting 215 countries. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 15,000,000 patients and associated with over 1,00,000 deaths globally (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). In this review, we herein summarize the current evidence as on May 15, 2020 to provide guidance on potentially beneficial drugs in COVID-19 treatment or prophylaxis, their scientific rationale and their clinical efficacy and safety. New data continue to emerge daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for many potential therapeutic agents is still under investigation.

scholarly journals Short-course treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: the STREAM trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (139) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riya Moodley ◽  
Thomas R. Godec
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Stage 1

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a threat to global TB control, as suboptimal and poorly tolerated treatment options have resulted in largely unfavourable outcomes for these patients. The last of six cohort studies conducted in Bangladesh which assessed a new shorter regimen using currently available TB drugs showed promising results and offered the possibility of a more acceptable and more effective regimen than the one recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The aims of stage 1 of the STREAM (Evaluation of a Standardised Treatment Regimen of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs for Patients with Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis) trial are to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this regimen, compared to the current WHO-recommended standard of care. Stage 2 evaluates two new bedaquiline-containing regimens: one an all-oral regimen and the second a further shortened and simplified version of the stage 1 study regimen, comparing the efficacy and safety of each to that of the stage 1 study regimen and also to the WHO-recommended standard of care. Success of the stage 1 study regimen would in all probability provide a new standard of care for MDR-TB patients, while positive results from the bedaquiline-containing regimens in stage 2 may allow for even greater progress in the management of this difficult population.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab and etoposide combination in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who have failed bevacizumab

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Carrillo ◽  
Frank P.K. Hsu ◽  
Johnny Delashaw ◽  
Daniela Bota
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
World Health ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Grade Iii

Despite recent advances in the treatment of malignant gliomas (World Health Organization grade III and grade IV tumors- Glioblastoma Multiforme, Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma), the overall prognosis remains poor. Tumor recurrence in malignant glioma is inevitable, and associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Bevacizumab is approved for use in progressive GBM as a second line treatment, and is associated with improvements in progression free survival (PFS). However, all GBM patients eventually recur on bevacizumab therapy, with a very short OS after bevacizumab failure. No FDA-approved therapy is available for this clinical setting. Etoposide crosses the blood-brain barrier and has activity in recurrent malignant gliomas. The use of bevacizumab with etoposide in recurrent malignant gliomas in the setting of bevacizumab resistance is evaluated in this review. Bevacizumab and etoposide combined therapy is associated with radiographic response and effectiveness in selected patients.

scholarly journals Failure to Thrive Revealing a Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma: An Uncommon Case Report with Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Salma Benyakhlef ◽  
Abir Tahri ◽  
Asmaa Khlifi ◽  
Hajar Abdelouahab ◽  
Kamaoui Imane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
Suprasellar Region ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Health Organization

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a freshly described figure of low-grade neoplasms encountered in early childhood. Nevertheless, its precise classification by the World Health Organization (WHO) is still debatable. Making an exact diagnosis relies on histological and immunohistochemical pathognomonic features with specific radiological findings. PMA behaves aggressively with a shorter progression-free survival, and its management is unfortunately still arguable. We describe a rare case of PMA involving the suprasellar region who displays symptoms consistent with diencephalic syndrome. The diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) focused on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and the patient underwent a subtotal tumor resection combined with chemotherapy. Diagnosis of brain tumors should be kept in mind in young children with generalized and severe unexplained loss of subcutaneous fat with failure to thrive after ruling out classical causes.

scholarly journals Candidates for Treatment of Novel Corona virus disease, COVID-19: Current Scenario and Way Forwards

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Abu Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic affecting 215 countries. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 15,000,000 patients and associated with over 1,00,000 deaths globally (Canters for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). In this review, we herein summarize the current evidence as on June 15, 2020 to provide guidance on potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment or prophylaxis, their scientific rationale and their clinical efficacy and safety. New data continue to emerges daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for the potential therapeutic agents is still under investigation.

Preventing Premature Weaning: Management Options for Common Lactation Conditions, Including OMT

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Denise Sackett ◽  
Tala Dajani ◽  
David Shoup ◽  
Uzoma Ikonne
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Lactational Mastitis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

The benefits of breastfeeding are well established. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that mothers breastfeed infants for at least one year, but most children are not breastfed that long because of many factors. Breastfeeding mothers face many challenges to continued breastfeeding, including medical conditions that arise during this period, such as postpartum depression and lactational mastitis. Because of a perceived lack of consistent guidance on medication safety, it can be difficult for the family physician to treat these conditions while encouraging mothers to continue breastfeeding. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and clarify treatment options for the osteopathic family physician treating lactating mothers. We specifically focus on the pharmacological management of contraception, postpartum depression, and lactational mastitis.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Does the dural resection bed need to be irradiated? Patterns of recurrence and implications for postoperative radiotherapy for temporal lobe gliomas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achiraya Teyateeti ◽  
Connie S Geno ◽  
Scott S Stafford ◽  
Anita Mahajan ◽  
Elizabeth S Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Volumes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Patterns Of Recurrence

Abstract Background Patterns of recurrence and survival with different surgical and radiotherapy (RT) techniques were evaluated to guide RT target volumes for patients with temporal lobe glioma. Methods and Materials This retrospective cohort study included patients with World Health Organization grades II to IV temporal lobe glioma treated with either partial (PTL) or complete temporal lobectomy (CTL) followed by RT covering both the parenchymal and dural resection bed (whole-cavity radiotherapy [WCRT]) or the parenchymal resection bed only (partial-cavity radiotherapy [PCRT]). Patterns of recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results Fifty-one patients were included and 84.3% of patients had high-grade glioma (HGG). CTL and PTL were performed for 11 (21.6%) and 40 (78.4%) patients, respectively. Median RT dose was 60 Gy (range, 40-76 Gy). There were 82.4% and 17.6% of patients who received WCRT and PCRT, respectively. Median follow-up time was 18.4 months (range, 4-161 months). Forty-six patients (90.2%) experienced disease recurrence, most commonly at the parenchymal resection bed (76.5%). No patients experienced an isolated dural recurrence. The median PFS and OS for the PCRT and WCRT cohorts were 8.6 vs 10.8 months (P = .979) and 19.9 vs 18.6 months (P = .859), respectively. PCRT was associated with a lower RT dose to the brainstem, optic, and ocular structures, hippocampus, and pituitary. Conclusion We identified no isolated dural recurrence and similar PFS and OS regardless of postoperative RT volume, whereas PCRT was associated with dose reduction to critical structures. Omission of dural RT may be considered a reasonable alternative approach. Further validation with larger comparative studies is warranted.

scholarly journals Management and Treatment of Hepatitis C: Are There Still Unsolved Problems and Unique Populations?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Virginia Solitano ◽  
Maria Corina Plaz Torres ◽  
Nicola Pugliese ◽  
Alessio Aghemo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, possibly leading to HCV elimination by 2030 as endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, some patients belonging to the so-called unique or special populations are referred to as difficult-to-treat due to unreached sustained virological response, potential drug side effects or interactions or co-morbidities. Several years after the DAA introduction and on the basis of excellent findings in terms of efficacy and safety, some doubts arise around the exact meaning of the special population designation and whether this group of patients actually exists. The aim of this review is to discuss and analyze current evidence on the management and treatment of the so-called “unique populations”. We placed particular emphasis on patients with decompensated cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coinfections, rare genotypes, and previous treatment failure, in order to provide physicians with an updated overview of the actual problems and needs in the current scenario.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document