scholarly journals Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Countermeasures: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
Edza Aria Wikurendra ◽  
Globila Nurika ◽  
Yenni Gustiani Tarigan ◽  
Arie Arizandi Kurnianto
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015-2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000 per year. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (+) incidence rate is around 110/ 100,000 population. AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary tuberculosis incidence as many as 38 selected articles. RESULT: Factors that influence tuberculosis infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with tuberculosis patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control tuberculosis include discovery, treatment, and surveillance. CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary tuberculosis control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis can be appropriately realized.

HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Katriye KOMİLİ ◽  
Yağmur BAHAR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
General Information ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Cattle Meat ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Radiological Examinations

The history of tuberculosis disease dates back to very ancient times. Information from these ages shed light on today's tuberculosis disease. Tuberculosis has been one of the most important diseases that have negatively affected people's lives since ancient times and caused their death. The introduction of tuberculosis by humans occurred when cattle joined their daily habitats. Cattle meat , milk was used to spread the disease rapidly. The only common thing about tuberculosis, which has been referred to by different names throughout the ages, is that its consequences intersect somewhere. Most of the disease is caused by myobacterium Tuberculosis Bacillus. Bacillus was introduced to the world in 1882 through Robert Koach. Tuberculosis causes the most outbreaks in the world after Aids. Past medical history and radiological examinations are of great importance in the diagnosis of the disease. Drug treatment of patients continues for 6 to 8 months, but progress is blocked in the first two to three weeks. The aim of this study is to give general information about the progress of the disease throughout history. Key words: Bacillus , Epidemic, Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Cytokine Polymorphisms, Their Influence and Levels in Brazilian Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Antituberculosis Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Peresi ◽  
Larissa Ragozo Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Weber Laurentino da Silva ◽  
Érika Alessandra Pellison Nunes da Costa ◽  
João Pessoa Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Cytokines play an essential role during active tuberculosis disease and cytokine genes have been described in association with altered cytokine levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify ifIFNG, IL12B, TNF, IL17A, IL10, and TGFB1gene polymorphisms influence the immune response of Brazilian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at different time points of antituberculosis treatment (T1, T2, and T3). Our results showed the following associations:IFNG+874 T allele andIFNG+2109 A allele with higher IFN-γlevels;IL12B+1188 C allele with higher IL-12 levels;TNF−308 A allele with higher TNF-αplasma levels in controls and mRNA levels in PTB patients at T1;IL17AA allele at rs7747909 with higher IL-17 levels;IL10−819 T allele with higher IL-10 levels; andTGFB1+29 CC genotype higher TGF-βplasma levels in PTB patients at T2. The present study suggests thatIFNG+874T/A,IFNG+2109A/G,IL12B+1188A/C,IL10−819C/T, andTGFB1+21C/T are associated with differential cytokine levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of acquired cellular immunity to tuberculosis and in the outcome of the active disease while on antituberculosis treatment.

scholarly journals Profil Penderita Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif yang Ditemukan di BP4 Lubuk Alung periode Januari 2012 – Desember 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eni Yulvia Susilayanti ◽  
Irvan Medison ◽  
Erkadius Erkadius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Suspected Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of

AbstrakTuberkulosis masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia karena prevalensi yang masih tinggi,i terutama di negara berkembang. Karena penyebarannya yang tinggi, maka perlu diketahui bagaimana profil penderita penyakit ini agar penularannya bisa diminimalkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil penderita tuberculosis paru BTA positif yang berobat di Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru (BP4) Lubuk Alung periode 1 Januari 2012 – 31 Desember 2012. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah data dari rekam medik di Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru (BP4) Lubuk Alung sejak 1 Januari 2012 – 31 Desember 2012. Populasi yang ada seluruhnya dijadikan subjek penelitian. Kemudian dilakukan pencatatan dari beberapa variabel yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode tersebut jumlah penderita yang berobat ke BP4 Lubuk Alung adalah 19.440 orang, sebanyak 3.224 orang diantaranya suspek. Penderita BTA (+) 1.109 orang. Jenis kelamin laki-laki (70,8%) lebih banyak dari perempuan. Usia terbanyak adalah 21-30 tahun (23,2%). Daerah asal terbanyak adalah Kab. Padang Pariaman (29,4%). Derajat kepositifan BTA sputum terbanyak berupa positif tiga (+3) adalah (44,2%). Tipe penderita terbanyak merupakan penderita kasus baru sebanyak (91,7%). Keluhan terbanyak yang dirasakan ketika berobat adalah batuk (99%). Sebanyak (13,4%) memiliki penyakit penyerta selain tuberkulosis. Riwayat penggunaan obat sebelumnya sebanyak (11,3%). Sebanyak (99%) dirujuk ke puskesmas dan unit pelayanan kesehatan terdekat. Berdasarkan pendataan profil penderita TB Paru BTA Positif bisa dilihat paling banyak adalah derajat (+3) dan dirujuk ke unit pelayanan terdekat.Kata kunci: profil, tuberkulosis paruAbstractTuberculosis is still a health problem in Indonesia because the prevalence is still high, especially in developing countries. Due to the speed of spread, it is necessary to know the profile of people who suffer from this disease, so the transmission can be minimized. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of positive acid-fast-bacilli (BTA) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients who seek treatment at Medical Center for Pulmonary Diseases (BP4) Lubuk Alung during the period 1 January 2012-31 December 2012.This is a descriptive retrospective study by taking the data from medical records in BP4 Lubuk Alung. Using the enterety of the population. The results of this study indicate that in this period the number of people who went to BP4 Lubuk Alung were 19.440 people, 3.224 of them suspected tuberculosis. Patients with BTA (+) was 1.109 people. We found male 70.78%. Most are 21-30 years of age 23.2%. The area of origin mostly from Kab. Padang Pariaman 29.4%. The degree of sputum smear positivity mostly positive three (+3) was 44.2%. Type of most patients are people with new cases 91.7%. Most complaints was cough 99%. A total of 13.44% had concomitant diseases other than tuberculosis. History of previous anti tuberculosis drugs (OAT) we found in 11.3%. And 99% are referred to hospitals and health care units nearby. Based on the data collection, profile of positif pulmonary TB patients is (+3) and mostly referred to the nearest health center and service unit.Keywords:profile, pulmonary tuberculosis

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency and associated factors among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients of Bale Zone Hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedru Hussien ◽  
Mohammedaman Mama Hussen ◽  
Abdulwahhab Seid ◽  
Abduljewad Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
Bale Zone

Abstract Objective Tuberculosis remains deadliest communicable diseases responsible for ill health among millions of people each year and is associated with malnutrition. Addressing nutritional deficiency in Tuberculosis patients is an important aspect of Tuberculosis control programme. Therefore, the aim was to assess the magnitude of nutritional deficiency and associated factors among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients of Bale Zone Hospitals, South-east Ethiopia, 2018. Cross-sectional study design was utilized. Data collection was carried out using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Body mass index was calculated to determine nutritional deficiency. Crude and adjusted odds ratios together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed. P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare a result as statistically associated. Results Prevalence of nutritional deficiency was 63.2 %. The mean Body mass index for all enrolled participants was 17.86 kg/m2. Employment status of the patients, p-value 0.012 (AOR = 1.82; 95 % CI = 1.14, 2.89) and Khat chewing, p-value 0.02 (AOR = 0.43; 95 % CI = 0.23, 0.85) were factors independently associated with Nutritional Deficiency. Prevalence of Nutritional Deficiency was found to be high. Nutritional support for the needy, regular nutritional assessment and dietary counseling are necessary for better treatment outcome and effective Tuberculosis control programme.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS PARU TENTANG PUTUS OAT (OBAT ANTI TUBERCULOSIS) DI RSU IPI MEDAN TAHUN 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Jenti Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
India And China

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease that attacks the lungs which is typically characterized by the formation of granulomas causing tissue neocrosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by "mycrobacterium tuberculosis" a type of rod-shaped germ with a length of 1-4 / mm and a thickness of 0.3 -0.6 / mm. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007 stated that the number of tuberculosis sufferers in Indonesia was around 528 thousand or in third place in the world after India and China. The WHO report in 2009 recorded Indonesia's ranking according to fifth position with the number of tuberculosis sufferers of 429 thousand people, namely India, China, South Africa, Nigeria, and Indonesia (source WHO Global Tuberculosis Control 2010). This study aims to describe the knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis patients about anti-tuberculosis drug withdrawal at RSU IPI Medan who is experiencing pulmonary tuberculosis. The sampling technique used in this research is Probability Sampling with the Random Sampling technique. Then the number of samples is 40 respondents. researchers used primary data. With the results of the study, it is hoped that respondents will increase their knowledge by finding out and caring about the health of others in order to prevent the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis and change bad behavior for the better, with the participation and cooperation of medical personnel and other health teams in provide precise and accurate information.

scholarly journals The Effect of Telehomecare application to the knowledge of patient with pulmonary tuberculosis about Tuberculosis disease transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ning Arti Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Tuberculosis (TB) disease is transmitted through a "droplet infection". Currently it is still very difficult to cut the chain chain of transmission of tuberculosis disease, this is due to lack of knowledge of patients about the prevention of transmission of tuberculosis. Forms of health services to patients with tuberculosis currently focuses on treatment. Education is actually also given but still less than the maximum due to limited time to have a health officer reach too broad. Therefore the use of technology in providing nursing care to tuberculosis patients at home. The technique used is telehomecare, where officers will provide education and followup to tuberculosis patients through cellular telepone. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of telehomecare application on the knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis patients about Tuberculosis disease transmission. Method: The design of this study was one group pretest posttest design, conducted from 18 April to 30 June 2012 with a sample of 14 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the work area of Puskesmas Kanigoro Blitar district taken from the entire population. The data obtained will be analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results of this study there are differences in knowledge before and after being given education via telehomecare with a value of P = 0.02. Discussion: Telehomecare program can be applied in Puskesmas, clinic or hospital to improve nursing care service

scholarly journals Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Under-Five Children in Contact with Adult Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Mixed-Method Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Getachew Seid ◽  
Tsegaye Tsedalu ◽  
Marta Ayele ◽  
Faham Khamesipour
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background. The World Health Organization recommends that all children below the age of five who have household contact with an infectious tuberculosis case should receive isoniazid preventive treatment for at least six months after the active tuberculosis disease has been ruled out. This research aims to determine the adherence of children, eligible for isoniazid preventive treatment, to the treatment who had contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods. A mixed study design was used to prospectively assess the adherence to IPT among children under the age of 5 in contact with pulmonary TB patients through the quantitative study design and barriers of adherence in view of health care professionals and the family of children through a descriptive qualitative study. The study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2019 in Addis Ababa. Data were collected by a structured datasheet from the selected health center registration book. Data were entered into Epi Data software and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistical methods were used to summarize the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants. Result. The ratio of the total number of pulmonary tuberculosis index cases recruited into the study to the number of child contacts aged less than 5 years was 1 : 1.32. The total isoniazid preventive treatment uptake in this study was 75.2%; one-fifth (21.3%) of the children who started IPT did not complete the full course of six-month isoniazid preventive treatment. Except for HIV not to be tested ( P < 0.001 ), there was no significant association of the listed risk factors in default to complete the full six months of preventive treatment. Conclusion. Enrolment of eligible children for isoniazid preventive treatment in the urban city Addis Ababa was still below the target of the World Health Organization End tuberculosis strategy by 2030. The treatment adherence rate also needs a great deal of effort to achieve the strategy. Child default after the first visit indicates a lack of understanding about the benefit and safety of preventive therapy in young children among families of TB patients, and awareness-creating efforts by health extension workers will help to improve the outcomes.

Kebutuhan Psikososial Keluarga yang Mempunyai Anggota Keluarga MenderitaTB Paru

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Indyah Rachmawati ◽  
Suryani S ◽  
Chandra Isabella
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

TB paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan dunia. Upaya pengendalian TB paru menjadi perhatian dunia dan menjadi salah satu indikator dalam pencapaian tujuan pembangunan global. Peran keluarga dalam pengobatan TB paru sangat besar yaitu sebagai PMO, pemberi dukungan psikis dan menciptakan lingkungan yang sehat untuk mencegah penularan. Keluarga yang mempunyai anggota keluarga menderita TB paru sering mendapat stigma negatif sehingga bisa menyebabkan kegagalan dalam merawat pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebutuhan psikososial keluarga yang mempunyai anggota keluarga menderita TB Paru di RS X. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan total sampling keluarga pasien TB Paru yang sedang dirawat sebanyak 57 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden membutuhkan kebutuhan psikososial yang meliputi kebutuhan interaksi sosial, emosi, pengetahuan dan spiritual. Kebutuhan psikososial yang paling banyak dibutuhkan adalah dalam hal pengetahuan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan sangat berpengaruh terhadap peran keluarga sebagai PMO dan dalam merawat anggota keluarganya yang menderita TB paru. Kebutuhan dengan nilai persentase tertinggi adalah dalam hal spiritual pada item adanya harapan untuk kesembuhan anggota keluarga yang menderita TB paru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan RS X berupaya meningkatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan psikososial keluarga, dengan cara menambah frekuensi penyuluhan, mengembangkan metode pemberian informasi untuk menguatkan pengetahuan atas informasi yang diberikan, kemudahan konsultasi dengan teknik konseling dapat diberikan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan partisipasi keluarga dalam program pengobatan. Kata kunci: Kebutuhan psikososial, keluarga, TB Paru. Family’s Psychosocial Needs of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients AbstractPulmonary TB is still a public health problem in Indonesia and the world. Efforts in controlling TB desease are becoming a focus of the world and become one of the indicators in achieving global development goals. A families roles in TB treatment is very important as Supervisors to take medicine, giving psychological support and create a healthy environment to prevent desease spread. A family that has a member with TB desease oftenly receaved negative stigma hance it could result in treatment failure. This study was conducted to describe family’s psychosocial needs among pulmonary tuberculosis patients at X Hospital. This study is descriptive quantitative, using total sampling technique with family respondents pulmonary TB patients are being cared for as many as 57 people. The results showed that all respondents required psychosocial needs include the need for social interaction, emotional, knowledge and spiritual. This shows that the knowledge is very influential toward a families roles as Supervisor to take medicine and in caring for family members who suffer from tuberculosis. Needs with the higest percentage in terms of spiritual item is hope to recover from TB. Based on these results, it is expected X Hospital seeks to improve the fulfillment of the families psychosocial needs by way of to increase the frequency of health information, developed a method of providing information to strengthen knowledge on the information provided, ease of consultation with counseling techniques can be given to increase family participation in treatment programs. Key words: Family, psychosocial needs, pulmonary TB.

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