scholarly journals Role of Probiotic for Prevention and Management of COVID-19: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 620-628
Author(s):  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Asri Ludin Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antiviral Medication ◽  
Day By Day

Backgrounds: Coronavirus brought about by SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 influences the human respiratory tracts’ epithelial cells, prompting a proinflammatory cytokine storm and ongoing lung inflammation. With various patients kicking the bucket day by day, an immunization and explicit antiviral medication regimens are being investigated. The choice to utilize this medication during the COVID-19 pandemic should be founded on cautious thought of the likely as preventive and curative in such context. Methods: A literature review changed into carried out through the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Google Scholar search engines consist of probiotics preventive and management possibility in COVID-19. Results: The probiotics significantly affects the host insusceptible reaction, foundationally, and on invulnerable responses at close by mucosal locales, like the lung. Certain strains of probiotics have improved interferon type I levels, hoisting the number and capacity of antigen-introducing cells, regular executioner cells, and T cells, just as expanding the degree of specific antibodies at the fundamental and mucosal destinations. Conclusion: Probiotics have various advantages and potential in preventing and as the treatment of COVID-19, adjusting the arrangement of human gut microflora, reinforcing gut obstruction work, and defensive invulnerable reactions.

scholarly journals The Role of TNF-α as a Proinflammatory Cytokine in Pathological Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Luciano B. Silva ◽  
Alexandrino P. dos Santos Neto ◽  
Sandra M.A.S. Maia ◽  
Carolina dos Santos Guimarães ◽  
Iliana L. Quidute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antigen Presenting

TNF-α is a member of the vast cytokine family being considered a proinflammatory substance produced many by macrophages and other cells belonging to the innate immunity, many of them classified as indeed Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) involved in the complex chemotactic process of activation of the adaptive immunity. The aim of this work was to accomplish a literature review concerning the main pathologies that have TNF-α as a modulating agent in other to bring light to the main interactions present in the inflammation installed.

scholarly journals Autoimmune Disorders & COVID-19

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Leonardo Freire-de-Lima ◽  
Aline Miranda Scovino ◽  
Camilla Cristie Barreto Menezes ◽  
Leonardo Marques da Fonseca ◽  
Jhenifer Santos dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can progress to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and is aggravated by the deregulation of the immune system causing an excessive inflammation including the cytokine storm. Since 2019, several studies regarding the interplay between autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 infections is increasing all over the world. In addition, thanks to new scientific findings, we actually know better why certain conditions are considered a higher risk in both situations. There are instances when having an autoimmune disease increases susceptibility to COVID-19 complications, such as when autoantibodies capable of neutralizing type I IFN are present, and other situations in which having COVID-19 infection precedes the appearance of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), thus, adding to the growing mystery surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 virus and raising questions about the nature of its link with autoimmune and autoinflammatory sequelae. Herein, we discuss the role of host and virus genetics and some possible immunological mechanisms that might lead to the disease aggravation.

scholarly journals The Non-structural Protein NSs of SFTSV Causes Cytokine Storm Through the Hyper-activation of NF-κB

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumana Khalil ◽  
Shintaro Yamada ◽  
Yuta Tsukamoto ◽  
Hiroto Abe ◽  
Masayuki Shimojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Activity Dependent

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging highly pathogenic phlebovirus. The syndrome is characterized by the substantial production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, described as cytokine storm, which correlates with multi-organ failure and high mortality. SFSTV nonstructural (NSs) protein was suggested to mediate the pathogenesis by inhibiting antiviral interferon signaling in the host. However, whether SFTSV NSs protein mediates the induction of fatal cytokine storm remains unaddressed. We demonstrated that SFTSV NSs promotes the hyper-induction of cytokine/chemokine genes in vitro, reminiscent of cytokine storm. Using gene deletion and pharmacological intervention, we found that the induced cytokine storm is driven by the transcription factor NF-κB. Our investigation revealed that TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) suppresses NF-κB signaling and cytokine/chemokine induction in its kinase activity-dependent manner, and that NSs sequesters TBK1 to prevent it from suppressing NF-κB, thereby promoting the activation of NF-κB and its target cytokine/chemokine genes. Of note, NF-κB inhibition suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SFTSV-infected type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor 1-deficient (Ifnar1-/-) mice. These findings establish the essential role of NSs in SFTS pathogenesis and suggest NF-κB as a possible therapeutic target.

The role of microRNA regulation in the early inflammatory response: miR-146a and NF-κB signaling in lung inflammation

Pneumologie ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
X Lai ◽  
C Schulz ◽  
F Seifert ◽  
B Dolniak ◽  
O Wolkenhauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Microrna Regulation ◽  
Early Inflammatory Response

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

Imbalance in the system L-arginin-NO in pathogenesis of obstetric complications and intrauterine growth retardation (Literature review)

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
O.V. Basystyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
System L ◽  
Nitric Oxide Deficiency

The data of domestic and foreign literature on etiology, pathogenesis and intrauterine growth retardation diagnosis are presented in the paper. It highlights pathogenetic role of nitric oxide deficiency in case of obstetric complications and intrauterine growth retardation. Key words: intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), system L-arginin–NO, obstetric complications.

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