scholarly journals Nesting ecology of the Pacific cicada killer, Sphecius convallis Patton (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), in the Sonoran Desert

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Jon M. Hastings ◽  
Charles W. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Population Crash ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
Provisioning Rate

Factors affecting the ecology of a large population of Pacific cicada killers (Sphecius convallis) occupying a field of mine tailings in Ruby, AZ, were examined. Burrows were quite dense in certain areas around the periphery of the mine tailings, but were dispersed randomly within these areas. Approximately 1600 females (based on burrow counts) and 2500 males (based on mark-recapture) were recorded, yielding a total population estimate of 5000–6000 adults. Female wasps were able to dig much more rapidly in the mine tailings than their congeners S. speciosus in soils from PA, suggesting that the habitat suitability was a large factor in this robust population. Provisioning rate was comparatively slow, however, suggesting that cicada abundance in that year was not a contributor to the high population density. The presence of a sap-producing tree may have eased the energetic and thermoregulatory demands of the wasps. Although excavations revealed that the number of burrows and cells could easily maintain the population size, the lack of cicadas probably resulted instead in a population crash the following season.

scholarly journals THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE WESTERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ermagambetova ◽  
◽  
E. Myrzagaliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The City ◽  
External Migration

The article analyzes the migration and demographic situation of the population of Western Kazakhstan in the second half of the nineteenth century. Factors affecting population growth, mechanisms for regulating internal and external migration are considered. In the period under review, the population of the Western region of Kazakhstan in terms of number (1142384 people) was densely populated after Southern Kazakhstan (1499201 people). Residents of Western Kazakhstan made up 27.54% of the total population of the region. By the end of the nineteenth century, the population of the city in Western Kazakhstan was relatively small, especially with a small share of the Kazakh population in the city. The majority of the urban population are Slavic ethnic groups, and the number of Tatars in the cities of the region is also growing

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics 7.6 (a) Location map of former republics, Russian regions and large 156 cities in the western half of the former USSR (b) Main economic features of the western two-thirds of the 157 former USSR 7.7 The population of the USSR on the eve of its break-up (a) Distribution of total population, 1990 162 (b) Distribution of Russians living outside the Russian 162 Republic, 1989 (c) Ratio of Russians and Ukrainians to total population 163 (Russia, Ukraine) or titular nationality in each oblast-level unit, 1989 7.8 Industrial output per capita in the former USSR in roubles per 164 head of total population in 1989 7.9 (a) Retail sales per inhabitant in Russia, 1991 166 (b) Doctors per thousand total population in Russia 167 7.10 Increases in radioactivity dose rates in Europe between 28 April 175 and 3 May 1986 consequent upon the Chernobyl reactor accident 7.11 Main concentration of emissions of pollutants in the Russian 176 Federation in 1989 7.12 Zhirinovsky’s aspirations in the West 177 7.13 The shrinking Aral Sea 179 8.1 Location of Japan in relation to the mainland of Asia 187 8.2 The Pacific Rim in relation to the Pacific Ocean 188

2003 ◽  
pp. 659-659
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Location Map ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Western Half ◽  
Chernobyl Reactor

Factors affecting survival of California juniper in its lower elevational range in the northwestern Sonoran Desert

Plant Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Amberlee A. Mahaffey ◽  
Frank W. Ewers ◽  
Kristin Bozak ◽  
Edward G. Bobich
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Elevational Range

Factors Affecting Aerial Surveys of Marine Fauna, and Their Relationship to a Census of Dugongs in the Coastal Waters of the Northern-Territory

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Similar Range

Some factors that may affect the aerial counts of dugongs, dolphins and turtles were examined experimentally. Tidal influence did not affect the counts of dugongs or dolphins, but those of turtles increased around high tide. A combined doubling of survey altitude and transect width reduced observed density of all three classes of animals by 50%. The counts of four observers did not differ significantly, but further data counsel caution. Overcast weather depressed counts of dugongs and turtles. Dolphin counts were affected by water surface condition, counts being lowest in choppy seas. A mark-recapture model was used on tandem observations to derive correction factors for groups of animals missed on the surface of a transect. Observers missed between 33% and 75% of dugong groups on the surface, the probability of detection decreasing with increased survey altitude and transect width. A similar range and pattern of probabilities was found for dolphins and turtles. Dugongs were censused in the coastal waters of the Northern Territory between the Daly River and Millingimbi in December 1983, an area of 28 746 km*2. Sampling intensity was 7.6%. A minimum population of 2953 � 530 (standard error) was estimated, an overall relative density of 0.11 � 0.02 km-2. A theoretical correction for submerged dugongs not seen yielded a total population estimate of 38 000, an overall density of 1.46 km-2. The distribution of dugongs in the survey area was patchy, the highest densities being associated with shallow coastal waters, sheltered bays, and large islands.

Relation between debrisoquine oxidation phenotype and morphological, biological, and pathological variables in a large population

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vincent-Viry ◽  
J Muller ◽  
B Fournier ◽  
M M Galteau ◽  
G Siest
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Poor Metabolizers ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Extensive Metabolizers ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Debrisoquine Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Phenotype

Abstract Factors affecting biological variations in debrisoquine-oxidation polymorphism were investigated in a population of 3065 unrelated supposedly healthy Caucasian subjects, ages 35 to 50 years. This population, including 1526 men and 1539 women, was used to determine whether the debrisoquine-oxidation phenotype can be related with environmental factors such as alcohol intake, smoking habits or medication; with morphological variables; or with 22 blood constituents and some pathological states. A single dose of 10 mg of debrisoquine sulfate was administered to determine the oxidation phenotype. A metabolic ratio (debrisoquine/4-hydroxydebrisoquine) of 10.0 defined a poor metabolizer [frequency of 8.2% (SD 1.0%)] in this sample. Dose recoveries of debrisoquine excretion (mean and SD) were 8.9% (11.9%) and 45.1% (32.2%) in extensive and poor metabolizers, respectively. The mean (SD) amount of debrisoquine administered that was excreted in urine as 4-hydroxydebrisoquine was 17.4% (17.3%) in extensive metabolizers and 0.5% (0.9%) in poor metabolizers. The main factors differing significantly between poor and extensive metabolizers were mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, albumin, and ponderal index. No other blood constituents (e.g., cholesterol, glucose) differed between poor and extensive metabolizers. The lack of correlation with most of the variables tested is of interest in clinical trials, because our findings indicate that no subgroups will be required, making selection of subjects easier.

scholarly journals Possibilities and Limitations of the Use of Seafloor Photographs for Estimating Polymetallic Nodule Resources—Case Study from IOM Area, Pacific Ocean

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Monika Wasilewska-Błaszczyk ◽  
Jacek Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Ordinal Variable ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Small Parts

Direct seafloor sampling using, e.g., box corers is insufficient to obtain an acceptable accuracy of nodule resource estimates in small parts of potential deposits. In order to increase the reliability of the estimates, it was rational to use the results of photographic surveys of the seafloor. However, the estimation of nodule abundance based on seafloor photographs is associated with a number of problems and limitations. The main goal of the study was a statistical analysis of the role and interrelationships of selected factors affecting the accuracy of nodule abundance assessment based on seafloor photographs from the H22 exploration block located in the Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM) area in the Pacific. A statistically significant, but only moderately strong, correlation was found between the abundance of nodules and seafloor nodule coverage (quantitative variables), the nodule abundance and genetic type of nodules (ordinal variable estimated visually from photos), and between seafloor coverage with nodules and sediment coverage of nodules (ordinal variable estimated visually from photos). It was suggested that the nodule abundance could be effectively and more accurately predicted using a general linear model that includes both quantitative and ordinal variables.

A Method for obtaining Samples of the Population of Collembola (Symphypleona) in Pastures

1933 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Davidson ◽  
D. C. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Factors Affecting

In our investigations on Smynthurus viridis, L., a study has been made of the population of this species, in an area of lucerne, at intervals of three and four days throughout the season.The density of the population of the species in a favourable pasture is markedly affected by the relative abundance of certain food-plants, especially leguminous species and particularly clovers such as subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and lucerne (Medicago sativa).The activity of the insect is intimately associated with the moisture of its environment, and the moisture content of the surface soil is one of the most important factors affecting the environmental conditions.Considering the habits of the insect, it was felt that the sweeping method would not give a reliable record of the total population in a given area of pasture. A sample obtained by sweeping with a net does not include individuals on or near to the surface of the soil. The relative proportion of individuals situated on or near the soil surface and those situated further up the plants varies considerably from time to time, according to the meteorological conditions, the growth of the herbage and the moisture content of the surface soil. It was necessary therefore to devise a simple method by means of which a more accurate record of the total population in a given area could be obtained.

scholarly journals Genetic stock identification of Atlantic salmon and its evaluation in a large population complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha-Pekka Vähä ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
Morten Falkegård ◽  
Panu Orell ◽  
Eero Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Genetic Stock Identification ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Addressing biocomplexity in fisheries management is a challenge requiring an ability to differentiate among distinct populations contributing to fisheries. We produced extensive genetic baseline data involving 36 sampling locations and 33 microsatellite markers, which allowed characterization of the genetic structure and diversity in a large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population complex of the River Teno system, northernmost Europe. Altogether, we identified 28 hierarchically structured and genetically distinct population segments (global FST = 0.065) corresponding exceptionally well with their geographical locations. An assessment of factors affecting the stock identification accuracy indicated that the identification success is largely defined by the interaction of genetic divergence and the baseline sample sizes. The choice between the two statistical methods tested for performance in genetic stock identification, ONCOR and cBAYES, was not critical, albeit the latter demonstrated slightly higher identification accuracy and lower sensitivity to population composition of the mixture sample. The strong genetic structuring among populations together with a powerful marker system allowed for accurate stock identification of individuals and enabled assessment of stock compositions contributing to mixed-stock fisheries.

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